circulation. what are the parts of the circulatory system? show video show video

CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

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PARTS OF PARTS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

1. Heart1. Heart– Function:Function:

2. Blood Vessels2. Blood Vessels– Includes:Includes:

3. Blood3. Blood– Consists of:Consists of:

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

What is the function of the What is the function of the circulatory system?circulatory system?

THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEMTHE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

The function of any circulatory system is The function of any circulatory system is to:to:– To move blood/materials throughout the body.To move blood/materials throughout the body.– To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells. To move nutrients from GI Tract to cells. – To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and To move oxygen and carbon dioxide to and

from the cells.from the cells.– To transfer heat to and from the body.To transfer heat to and from the body.– To carry antibodies.To carry antibodies.– To carry hormones from glands to targets.To carry hormones from glands to targets.– To move wastes away from cells.To move wastes away from cells.

THREE TYPES OF THREE TYPES OF CIRCULATIONCIRCULATION

1. Coronary1. Coronary– Blood flow to and from the heart.Blood flow to and from the heart.


2. Pulmonary2. Pulmonary– Blood flow to and from the lungs.Blood flow to and from the lungs.


3. Systemic 3. Systemic – Blood flow to and from the systems of Blood flow to and from the systems of

the body.the body. Ex. Ex.

THE STRUCTURES OF THE THE STRUCTURES OF THE HEARTHEART

THE HEARTTHE HEART

HEARTHEART

Square Heart ModelSquare Heart Model

STRUCTURES OF THE HEARTSTRUCTURES OF THE HEART

Heart has 4 chambersHeart has 4 chambers– Left AtriumLeft Atrium– Left VentricleLeft Ventricle

SEPTUMSEPTUM

– Right AtriumRight Atrium– Right VentricleRight Ventricle

HEART VALVESHEART VALVES

BLOOD VESSELSBLOOD VESSELS

AArteriesrteries

– Carry blood Carry blood aaway from the heart.way from the heart.

VeinsVeins– Carry blood towards the heart.Carry blood towards the heart.

KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF KEY ARTERIES AND VEINS OF THE HEARTTHE HEART

Pulmonary Artery and Pulmonary VeinPulmonary Artery and Pulmonary Vein– Definition: Definition:

Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena Inferior Vena Cava and Superior Vena CavaCava– Definition:Definition:

AortaAorta– Definition: Definition:

PATHWAY OF BLOOD PATHWAY OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEARTTHROUGH THE HEART

R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle -> R. Atrium -> R. Ventricle ->

Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs -> Pulmonary Artery -> Lungs ->

Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. Pulmonary Vein -> L. Atrium -> L. VentricleVentricle

-> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava --> Aorta -> Body Cells -> Vena Cava -> >

R. Atrium…R. Atrium…


ArteriesArteries– Have muscular wallsHave muscular walls– Larger blood vesselsLarger blood vessels– Aorta is largest artery in the heartAorta is largest artery in the heart– Arteries move blood away from the Arteries move blood away from the

heartheart


VeinsVeins– Carry Blood to the heartCarry Blood to the heart– Thin walledThin walled– Less muscular than arteriesLess muscular than arteries– Contains valves to prevent the back-flow Contains valves to prevent the back-flow

of bloodof blood


CapillariesCapillaries– Smallest blood vesselsSmallest blood vessels– Connects arteries to veinsConnects arteries to veins– Site of exchange of materialsSite of exchange of materials

CAPILLARIESCAPILLARIES

Area where every cell is touched by Area where every cell is touched by bloodblood

PULSEPULSE

Rhythm of heart contractions felt in Rhythm of heart contractions felt in arteries.arteries.

A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear A doctor uses a stethoscope to hear the heartbeat.the heartbeat.– Average is 65-80 beats per minute Average is 65-80 beats per minute

(BPM)(BPM)

BLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD PRESSURE

Pressure of blood on walls of arteries.Pressure of blood on walls of arteries. Consists of 2 numbers:Consists of 2 numbers:

– SystolicSystolic Pressure reading when heart muscles Pressure reading when heart muscles

contractcontract

– DiastolicDiastolic Pressure reading when heart muscles relaxPressure reading when heart muscles relax

BLOOD PRESSUREBLOOD PRESSURE

Average readings taken with a Average readings taken with a sphygmomanometersphygmomanometer– Normal is 120/80Normal is 120/80

Blood pressure is affected by:Blood pressure is affected by:

Hypertension is high blood pressure.Hypertension is high blood pressure.

EKGEKG

ElectrocardiogramElectrocardiogram– Graphs the electrical activity of the Graphs the electrical activity of the

heart muscleheart muscle

Cardiovascular DisordersCardiovascular Disorders

Heart AttackHeart Attack– Failure of heart muscle due to many causes, Failure of heart muscle due to many causes,

such as:such as: Lack of oxygen or nutrients being deliveredLack of oxygen or nutrients being delivered Damage to the musclesDamage to the muscles Blockage of blood vesselsBlockage of blood vessels

– SymptomsSymptoms Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood Angina (pain resulting from narrowing of blood

vessels)vessels) Left arm numbnessLeft arm numbness Out of breathOut of breath


StrokeStroke– Blood clot or broken blood vessel in Blood clot or broken blood vessel in

brainbrain– Blood flow is restrictedBlood flow is restricted– Brain does not function properlyBrain does not function properly

Cardiovascular DisorderCardiovascular Disorder

AneurysmAneurysm– Broken blood vesselBroken blood vessel

DisordersDisorders

HypertensionHypertension Heart AttackHeart Attack StrokeStroke AneurysmAneurysm AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis Coronary ThrombosisCoronary Thrombosis


AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis– Scarring of artery tissueScarring of artery tissue– Cholesterol builds up on the scar tissueCholesterol builds up on the scar tissue


Coronary ThrombosisCoronary Thrombosis– A blood clot in the blood vessels of the A blood clot in the blood vessels of the

heart.heart.– Blocks blood flowBlocks blood flow

QuestionsQuestions

Why does a doctor draw blood?Why does a doctor draw blood?

Where does a doctor draw blood Where does a doctor draw blood from?from?

What kinds of things show up on a What kinds of things show up on a blood test?blood test?

COMPONENTS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE BLOODBLOOD

What are the 4 parts of the blood?What are the 4 parts of the blood?– Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells– PlateletsPlatelets– PlasmaPlasma– White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

COMPONENTS OF THE COMPONENTS OF THE BLOODBLOOD

Red Blood CellsRed Blood Cells

Facts:Facts:– Carry OXYGEN Carry OXYGEN – Contain HEMOGLOBINContain HEMOGLOBIN– Made in BONE MARROWMade in BONE MARROW– Live approx. 120 daysLive approx. 120 days


Disorders:Disorders:– AnemiaAnemia

RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to RBC’s are not carrying oxygen well, due to lack of iron within the hemoglobinlack of iron within the hemoglobin


Name another form of anemia that we haveName another form of anemia that we have

discussed already, this year._________________discussed already, this year._________________

PlateletsPlatelets

Makes blood clotMakes blood clot– Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein) Platelets contain fibrinogen (a protein)

that forms a “net” around a cut to stop that forms a “net” around a cut to stop bleedingbleeding

PlateletsPlatelets

PlateletsPlatelets

Disorders:Disorders:– HemophiliaHemophilia

PlasmaPlasma

PlasmaPlasma

Liquid part of the bloodLiquid part of the blood Consists mostly of waterConsists mostly of water ““River” of lifeRiver” of life

– Carries cells and materialsCarries cells and materials

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

Made in BONE MARROWMade in BONE MARROW Fight infection by causing an immune Fight infection by causing an immune

response.response. Known as phagocytes because they Known as phagocytes because they

____________ bacteria. ____________ bacteria.

White Blood CellsWhite Blood Cells

PhagocytosisPhagocytosis– attacks ANTIGENS (invaders)attacks ANTIGENS (invaders)

White Blood Cells & White Blood Cells & ImmunityImmunity

Another type of White Blood Cell is Another type of White Blood Cell is called a LYMPHOCYTE.called a LYMPHOCYTE.– Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES Lymphocytes make ANTIBODIES

Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign Antibodies are proteins that fight foreign invadersinvaders

– Antibodies DESTROY AntigensAntibodies DESTROY Antigens Another word for Antigen is PATHOGENAnother word for Antigen is PATHOGEN

Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens Therefore: antibodies destroy pathogens

ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN ANTIBODY & ANTIGEN REACTIONREACTION

DISORDERS OF WBC’sDISORDERS OF WBC’s

LeukemiaLeukemia– Also called blood cancerAlso called blood cancer– Too many white blood cellsToo many white blood cells– Treatments may include:Treatments may include:

ChemotherapyChemotherapy RadiationRadiation Bone Marrow TransplantBone Marrow Transplant

DISORDERS OF WBC’sDISORDERS OF WBC’s

AIDSAIDS– A_________ I________D_______S_________A_________ I________D_______S_________– Attacks WBC’s, weakening immunityAttacks WBC’s, weakening immunity– HIV is the virus that causes AIDSHIV is the virus that causes AIDS

Human Immunodeficiency VirusHuman Immunodeficiency Virus

– Transmitted by:Transmitted by: Unprotected sexUnprotected sex Blood ExchangeBlood Exchange Shared NeedlesShared Needles Mother to child***Mother to child***

Types of ImmunityTypes of Immunity

Inborn/Passive ImmunityInborn/Passive Immunity– Antibodies you are born with.Antibodies you are born with.

Passed from a mother to her unborn child. Passed from a mother to her unborn child. (in vitro) (in vitro)

– OR it can be temporary, such as from a OR it can be temporary, such as from a mother to a baby, through mother to a baby, through breastfeeding.breastfeeding.

Types of ImmunityTypes of Immunity

Acquired/Active ImmunityAcquired/Active Immunity– Develops during a lifetime from Develops during a lifetime from

exposure to diseaseexposure to disease– The body produces antibodies to fight The body produces antibodies to fight

infectioninfection– OR a VACCINE is givenOR a VACCINE is given

Chicken PoxChicken Pox

VaccinesVaccines

How a vaccine is created/works:How a vaccine is created/works:– 1. Obtain pathogen1. Obtain pathogen– 2. Kill or weaken the pathogen2. Kill or weaken the pathogen– 3. Inject into human3. Inject into human– 4. Body produces antibodies 4. Body produces antibodies

AllergiesAllergies

An allergic reaction is the body’s An allergic reaction is the body’s immune response to an antigen. (like immune response to an antigen. (like dust)dust)– Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery Can cause sneezing, runny nose, watery

eyes, trouble breathing, rashes, hives, eyes, trouble breathing, rashes, hives, or more life threatening reactionsor more life threatening reactions

BLOOD TYPESBLOOD TYPES

4 Blood Types:4 Blood Types:

Universal Donor is:Universal Donor is:

Universal Recipient is:Universal Recipient is:


TypeType Antigen Antigen (Protein)(Protein)

AntibodiesAntibodies

AA AA Anti-BAnti-B

BB BB Anti-AAnti-A

ABAB A and BA and B NONENONE

OO NONENONE Anti-A & Anti-Anti-A & Anti-BB


DRAWINGDRAWING

LYMPHATIC SYSTEMLYMPHATIC SYSTEM

• Lymph is intercellular fluid (a Lymph is intercellular fluid (a plasma) that is found around all cellsplasma) that is found around all cells

• The lymphatic system is a system of The lymphatic system is a system of vessels that carries lymph.vessels that carries lymph.

LYMPHLYMPH

Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids Carries antibodies, WBC’s, fatty acids and glyceroland glycerol– Fatty acids and glycerol are the building Fatty acids and glycerol are the building

blocks of __________.blocks of __________.

Lymph helps to keep your Lymph helps to keep your intercellular spaces clean and intercellular spaces clean and disease free.disease free.

LYMPHATIC SYSTEMLYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Blood vessels carry ____________Blood vessels carry ____________ Lymph vessels carry ___________Lymph vessels carry ___________

The lymphatic vessels have nodes The lymphatic vessels have nodes (glands) that make lymph(glands) that make lymph– Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the Ex. Lymph nodes are found under the

armsarms

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