III. CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

ARTERIES REGION SUPPLIED VEIN REGION DRAINED

THE AORTA AND ITS BRANCHES VEINS OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

ASCENDING AORTA

  CORONARY SINUSit recieves almost all venous blood from the myocardium. It receivees the great cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein and small cardiac vein.

Right and left coronary arteries

Heart.SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

Drains the head, neck, chest and free upper limbs.

ARCH OF AORTA  INFERIOR VENA CAVA

Drains the abdomen,

Brachiocephalic trunk

 VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK

 

right common carotid artery

right side of the head and neck Internal jugular veinsThe general structures drained are the brain (through the dural venous sinuses), the face and neck

Right subclavian vein Right upper limb External Jugular VeinsThe general structures drained are external to the cranium, such as the scalp and superficial and deep regions of the face.

Left common Carotid Artery

Left side of head and neck Vertebral VeinsDrain structures in the neck such as the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord and some neck muscles

Left Subclavian Artery

Left upper limb VEINS OF THE UPPER LIMBS

THORACIC AORTA   SUPERFICIAL  

Pericardial arteries Pericarduim Cephalic veins

The principal superficial veins that drain the upper limbs are the cephalic and basilic veins. Metacarpal veins drain the dorsal digital veins, The cephalic veins drain blood from the lateral aspect of the upper limbs.

Bronchial arteries Bronchi of lungs. Basilic veins

They drain blood from the medial aspects of the upper limbs. the basilic veins are connected to the cephalic veins by the median cubital veins drain the forearm.

Esophageal arteries Esophagus.Median antebrachial vein

The plexuses drain the palmar digital veins in the fingers. They drain the palms and forearms.

Mediastinal arteries Structures of the mediastinum DEEP  

Posterior intercostal arteries

Intercostal chest muscles Radial Deep Veins

These arches drain the palmar metacarpal veins in the palms. The radial veins drain the lateral aspects of the forearms and pass alongside the radial arteries.

Subcostal arteries Same as posterior intercostals. Ulnar veinsThe ulnar veins drain the medial aspect of the forearms

Superior phrenic arteries

Superior and posterior surfaces of diaphragm.

Brachial VeinsThey drain the forearms, elbow joints, arms, and humerus.

ABDOMINAL AORTA

  Axillary VeinsThe axillary veins drain the arms, axillas, and superolateral chest wall.

Inferior Phrenic arteries

Inferior surface of the diaphragm Subclavian veinThe subclavian veins drain the arms, neck, and thoracic wall.

Celiac Trunk  VEINS OF THE THORAX 

Common hepatic artery (he-PAT-ik)

Liver, stomach, duodenum, and pancreas. Brachiocephalic VeinDrain blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, mammary glands, and superior thorax.

Splenic artery (SPLEN-ik)

Spleen, pancreas, and stomach. Azygos System Serve as a bypass for the inferior vena cava that drains blood from the lower body.

Superior mesenteric artery

Small intestine, cecum, ascending and transverse colons, and pancreas.

Hemiazygos vein

Specifically, the hemiazygos vein receives blood from the ninth through eleventh left posterior intercostal, esophageal, mediastinal, and sometimes the accessory hemiazygos veins.

Suprarenal arteries Adrenal (suprarenal) glands.Accessory Hemiazygos vein

The accessory hemiazygos vein drains the left side of the thoracic wall.

Renal arteries Kidneys. VEINS OF THE ABDOMEN AND PELVIS

Gonadal arteries   Inferior Vena CavaThe two common iliac veins that drain the lower limbs, pelvis, and abdomen unite to form the inferior vena cava.

Testicular arteries Testes (male). Common Iliac VeinsGenerally, the common iliac veins drain the pelvis, external genitals, and lower limbs.

Ovarian arteries Ovaries (female). Internal Iliac Veins

The internal iliac veins begin near the superior portion of the greater sciatic notch and run medial to their corresponding arteries. Generally, the veins drain the thigh, buttocks, external genitals, and pelvis.

Inferior mesenteric artery

Transverse, descending, and sigmoid colons; rectum.

External Iliac VeinsThe external iliac veins drain the lower limbs, cremaster muscle in males, and the abdominal wall.

Common iliac arteries

  Lumbar VeinsThe lumbar veins drain blood into the ascending lumbars and then run to the inferior vena cava, where they release the remainder of the flow.

External iliac arteries Lower limbs. Gonadal Veins

The testicular veins drain the testes (the left testicular vein empties into the left renal vein, and the right testicular vein drains into the inferior vena cava). The ovarian veins drain the ovaries. The left ovarian vein empties into the left renal vein, and the right ovarian vein drains into the inferior vena cava.

Internal iliac arteriesUterus (female), prostate (male), muscles of buttocks, and urinary bladder

Renal Veins The renal veins drain the kidneys.

ARCH OF AORTA Suprarenal Veins

The suprarenal veins drain the adrenal (suprarenal) glands (the left suprarenal vein empties into the left renal vein, and the right suprarenal vein empties into the inferior vena cava).

BRACHIOCEPHALIC TRUNK

The brachiocephalic trunk divides to form the right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery

Inferior Phrenic Veins The inferior phrenic veins drain the diaphragm

RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY

The general distribution of the artery is to the brain and spinal cord, neck, shoulder, thoracic viscera and wall, and scapular muscles.

Hepatic Veins The hepatic veins drain the liver.

Internal Thoracic or Mammary Artery

It supplies the anterior thoracic wall and structures in the mediastinum.

VEINS OF THE LOWER LIMBS

VERTEBRAL ARTERY

The vertebral artery supplies the posterior portion of the brain with blood.

SUPERFICIAL  

AXILLARY ARTERYIts general distribution is the shoulder, thoracic and scapular muscles, and humerus.

Great Saphenous Veins

Drain mainly the medial side of the leg and thigh, the groin, external genitals and abdominal wall.

BRACHIAL ARTERY The brachial artery provides the main blood supply to the arm and is superficial and palpable along its course.

Small saphenous vein Drain the foot and posterior aspect of the leg

RADIAL ARTERYIt passes along the lateral (radial) aspect of the forearm and then through the wrist and hand, supplying these structures with blood.

DEEP VEINS  

ULNAR ARTERY The ulnar artery, the larger branch of the Posterior tibial veins Drain the knee joint and the skin muscles and

brachial artery, passes along the medial (ulnar) aspect of the forearm and then into the wrist and hand, supplying these structures with blood.

bones of portions of the calf and thigh around the knee joint

SUPERFICIAL PALMAR ARTERY

It gives rise to common palmar digital arteries, which supply the palm. Each divides into a pair of proper palmar digital arteries, which supply the fingers.

Anterior Tibial VeinsDrain the ankle joint, knee joint, tibiofibular joint and anterior portion of the leg

DEEP PALMAR ARCH

supply the palm and anastomose with the common palmar digital arteries of the superficial palmar arch.

Popliteal VeinsDrain the knee joint and the skin, muscles and the skin, muscles and bones and portins of the calf and thigh around the knee joint.

RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

The right common carotid artery begins at the bifurcation of the brachiocephalic trunk, posterior to the right sternoclavicular joint, and passes superiorly in the neck to supply structures in the head . At the superior border of the larynx (voice box), it divides into the right external and right internal carotid arteries.

Femoral VeinsDrain muscles of the thighs, femurs, external genitals, and superficial lymph nodes.

EXTERNAL CARODTID ARTERY

The general distribution of the external carotid artery is to structures external to the skull.

 

INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY

The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the eyeball and other orbital structures, ear, most of the cerebrum of the brain, pituitary gland, and external nose. The terminal branches of the internal carotid artery are the anterior cerebral artery, which supplies most of the medial surface of the cerebrum and deep masses of gray matter within the cerebrum, and the middle cerebral artery, which supplies most of the lateral surface of the cerebrum.The posterior cerebral arteries supply the inferolateral surface of the temporal lobe and lateral and medial surfaces of the occupital lobe of the cerebrum, deep muscles of gray matter within the cerebrum and midbrain.

 

LEFT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

 Left Side of head and neck  

LEFT SUBCLAVIAN  Left Upper limb  

ARTERYTHORACIC AORTA  

VISCERAL    

Pericardial arteriesTwo or three tiny pericardial arteries supply blood to the pericardium.

 

bronchial arteries

One right and two left bronchial arteries supply the bronchial tubes, pleurae, bronchial lymph nodes, and esophagus. (The right bronchial artery arises from the third posterior intercostal artery; the two left bronchial arteries arise from the thoracic aorta.)

 

Esophageal arteriesFour or five esophageal arteries supply the esophagus.

 

mediastinal arteries Numerous small mediastinal arteries supply blood to structures in the mediastinum

 

PARIETAL    

POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL ARTERIES

Nine pairs of posrterior intercostal arteries supply the intercostal major and minor and serratus anterior muscles; overlying subcutaneous tissue and skin; mammary glands;a dn vertebrae, meninges and spinal cord

 

SUBCOSTAL ARTERIES

The left and right subcostal arteries have a distribution simillar to that of the posterior intercostals

 

SUPERIOR PHRENIC ARTERIES

Small superior phrenic arteries supply the superior and posterior surfaces of the diaphragm.

 

ABDOMINAL AORTA  UNPAIRED VISCERAL BRANCHES

   

Celiac trunk1. The left gastric artery is the smallest of the three branches. It supplies the stomach and esophagus.

 

 2. The splenic artery is the largest branch of the celiac trunk. Before reaching the spleen, it gives rise to three arteries:

 

  • Pancreatic artery which supplies the  

pancreas.

 • Left gastroepiploic artery which supplies the stomach and greater omentum.

 

 • Short gastric artery, which supplies the stomach.

 

 3. The common hepatic artery is intermediate in size between the left gastric and splenic arteries.

 

  It gives rise to three arteries:  

 • Proper hepatic artery, which supplies the liver, gallbladder, and stomach.

 

 • Right gastric artery, which supplies the stomach.

 

 • Gastroduodenal artery which supplies the stomach, duodenum of the small intestine, pancreas, and greater omentum.

 

 The superior mesenteric artery it anastomoses extensively and has five branches:

 

Superior Mesenteric Artery

1. The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplies the pancreas and duodenum.

 

 2. The jejunal and ileal arteries supply the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine, respectively.

 

 3. The ileocolic artery supplies the ileum and ascending colon of the large intestine.

 

 4. The right colic artery supplies the ascending colon.

 

 5. The middle colic artery supplies the transverse colon of the large intestine.

 

Inferior mesenteric artery

The inferior mesenteric artery it anastomoses extensively and has three branches:

 

 1. The left colic artery supplies the transverse colon and descending colon of the large intestine.

 

 2. The sigmoid arteries supply the descending colon and sigmoid colon of the large intestine.

 

 3. The superior rectal artery (REK-tal) supplies the rectum of the large intestine.

 

PAIRED VISCERAL BRANCHES

   

Suprarenal arteries

Although there are three pairs of suprarenal (adrenal) arteries that supply the adrenal (suprarenal) glands (superior, middle, and inferior), only the middle pair originates directly from the abdominal aorta.

 

Renal arteriesThe renal arteries carry blood to the kidneys, adrenal (suprarenal) glands, and ureters.

 

Gonadal Supply the ovaries, uterine fallopian tubbes and ureters.

 

UNPAIRED PARIETAL BRANCH

   

Median Sacral Artery Supplies sthe sacrum and coccyx  PAIRED PARIETAL BRANCHES

   

Inferior Phrenic arteiries

Are distributed to the inferior surface of the diaphragm and the adrenal glands

 

Lumbar ArteriesThey supply the lumbar vertebrae, spinal cord and its meninges and the muscles and skin of the lumbar region of the back.

 

ARTERIES OF THE PELVIS AND LOWER LIMBS  

COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES

The general distribution of the common iliac arteries is to the pelvis, external genitals, and lower limbs.

 

Internal iliac arteries The general distribution of the internal iliac arteries is to the pelvis, buttocks, external genitals, and thigh.

 

External iliac arteries

The general distribution of the external iliac arteries is to the lower limbs. Specifically, branches of the external iliac arteries supply the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall, the cremaster muscle in males and the round ligament of the uterus in females, and the lower limbs.

 

Femoral arteriesThe general distribution of the femoral arteries is to the lower abdominal wall,

 

groin, external genitals, and muscles of the thigh. A major branch of the femoral artery, the deep artery of the thigh (deep femoral), supplies most of the muscles of the thigh: quadriceps femoris, adductors, and hamstrings.

Popliteal arteries

It supplies the adductor magnus and hamstring muscles and the skin on the posterior aspect of the legs, branches of the popliteal arteries also supply the gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles of the calf, knee joint, femur, patella, and fibula.

 

Anterior tibial arteries

Supply the knee joints, anterior compartment muscles of the legs, skin over the anterior aspects of the legs and ankle joints

 

Posterior tibial arteries

Their general distribution is to the muscles, bones and joints of the leg and the foot.