Circulatory System

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Functions

• Transport nutrients and oxygen to cells

• Transport waste from cells• Contains cells that fight infection• Helps stabilize the pH and ionic

concentration of the body fluids

Parts of the Circulatory System

1. Blood

2. Blood vessels

3. Heart

Blood

• is not just a red liquid but rather is made up of liquids, solids and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide

• carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells

Blood

• Contains:1. Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

- carry oxygen to all cells of the body

- contains hemoglobin, which binds or releases oxygen depending of the concentration of the environment

2. White blood cells (leukocytes)- helps body fight diseases

Blood• Contains:3. Plasma

- yellowish liquid in which specialized cells and important substances are suspended

4. Platelets- responsible for formation of blood clots

Mechanisms of Blood Clotting

- secrete chemicals called clotting factors that react with fibrinogen ( a protein)- fibrinogen is converted to the insoluble threadlike fibrin- strands of fibrin entwine making a mesh that traps blood cells from escaping

Blood Vessels

1. Arteries - vessels that carry blood away from the heart

2. Veins - vessels that carry blood to the heart

3. Capillaries - most of the exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes take place here

Blood Vessels

Heart

• The main pump of the circulatory system

• Hollow organ with thick walls made of cardiac muscle

Parts of the Heart

pericardium aorta septum

inferior vena cava superior vena cava

atrium ventricle

tricuspid valve bicuspid valve

pulmonary semilunar valve

aortic semilunar valve

pulmonary vein pulmonary artery

Body Circulations

• pulmonary circulation – travel of blood between the lungs and the heart

• systemic circulation – travel of blood to all other body cells

• coronary circulation – supply of oxygen to the heart by its own coronary arteries

Two Parts of a Heartbeat

1. diastole - ventricular muscles relax and blood flows into the atria and ventricles

2. systole – ventricular muscles contract thus pumping blood out of the body

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Two Nodes of the Heart

1. sinoatrial node (SA node)/ pacemaker

- located in the wall of the right atrium

- signals the atria to contract

- controls the rate of heartbeat

2. atrioventricular node (AV node)

- located in the septum between atria

- signals ventricles to contract

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Diseases

Arteriosclerosis

- a condition where artery walls become less elastic because of cholesterol deposits

- may lead to heart attack

Diseases Heart attack

- a sudden death of a part of the heart muscle when it fails to receive its blood supply because of clogging

Diseases

Stroke

- damage to a part of the brain when it does not get its supply of oxygen and nutrients

Diseases

Leukemia

- a cancer caused by an excessive production of immature white blood cells by the bone marrow

Artificial Heart Transplant

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