cisco. computer networking the internet the internet yesterday

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Page 1: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

CISCO

Page 2: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Computer Networking

Page 3: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

The Internet

Page 4: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

The Internet Yesterday

Page 5: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Basics of Computing

Page 6: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Parts of a Computer

• CPU - Central Processing Unit

• Memory - ROM, RAM, etc.

• Interface - Modem, Video Card, Floppy, etc.

All are connected by a bus which is plug in slots.

Page 7: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

NIC

• Network Interface Card– PCs use IDE or PCI– Laptops use PCMCIA (“credit card”)

TCP/IP - the computers address on the network

Page 8: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Networks - a “conglomeration” of people or things focused on a common goal

• LAN– Local Area Network

– used within or between offices

• WAN– Wide Area Network

– used between buildings or within a “complex”

Page 9: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

• By using the binary number system• The only possible symbols or "bits", are 1 and 0. • The bits represent text, pictures, and sounds• A 1 bit is often represented by the presence of voltage

on a copper conducting cable or light in an optical fiber

How is information stored in computers?

Page 10: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Imagine measuring the voltage at one point on the cable as time goes on (for a fiber, imagine measuring the light intensity versus time).

Your measurements would allow you to create a graph of voltage versus time (for a fiber, light intensity versus time).

Page 11: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

A decimal numbering system is based on powers of 10:

100, 101, 102, 103, 104, etc.

100 = 1

101 = 10 X 1 or 10

102 = 10 X 10 or 100

103 = 10 X 10 X 10, or 1000

104 = ?????????

The numbering system most frequently used is the decimal numbering system.

Page 12: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Count 9, 10

Count 99, 100

Count 999, 1000

When counting in the decimal system when you reach the number 9 you must add another digit. Examples:

Page 13: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Binary numbering system (Bit - binary digit)

How does a binary number system differ from a decimal numbering system?

A binary numbering system is based on powers of 2

20, 21, 22, 23, 24, etc.

20 = 1

21 = 2 X 1 or 2

22 = 2 X 2 or 4

23 = 2 X 2 X 2, or 8

24 = ?????????

Page 14: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Let’s count in binary. Remember you can only use 0s and 1s.

0

1

10

11

100

101

110

111

Page 15: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Let’s take a break and complete a worksheet on converting decimal to binary and vice versa.

Bonus: What would an octet of all ones equal?

Page 16: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

American Standard Computer Information Interchange

Page 17: CISCO. Computer Networking The Internet The Internet Yesterday

Bandwidth• Water• Hiway System• Radio• Audio

• Media– Coaxial Cable

– Category 5 Cable (Cat 5)

– Fiber Optic

Bandwidth determines throughput (because file are transferred faster)

– slow or fast– 14.4K or 56K