cisco end-to-end iptv service architecture
TRANSCRIPT
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End-to-End IPTVService Architecture
Cisco ExPo, 2007
Cisco
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Agenda
Introduction
Video Coding and Transport
Scrambling - Encryption
IPTV Standards & Protocols
IPTV Building Blocks
Set top box
Content delivery services
IP Transport Network
Quality of Experience
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Introduction
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Introduction
The market is growing: 8.1 million subscribers end of2006. 50.7 million by 2010.
Broadcast quality IPTV is made possible by leveragingbroadband access and Carrier Ethernet systems.
IPTV services are based on technology provided by thevideo broadcasting industry
DVB for services delivery, scrambling and program information
MPEG for digital video encoding and transport compatibility
IP provides flexibility in the service delivery
Market source: MRG
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Video broadcasting network hierarchy
Contribution: Uncompressed and slightly compressedvideo and audio sources from remote location or studio
to studio
Primary distribution: Compressed A/V sources from thePlayout Center to the video head-end, transmission
tower or satellite uplink
Access distribution: Compressed A/V sources from thesatellite downlink, transmission tower or IPTV/cable
video head-end to the subscriber
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Broadcaster Contribution Network
SatelliteSatellite
UpUp--linklink
ProductionProduction
ProductionProduction
News StudioNews Studio
PostPost -- ProductionProduction
VenueVenue
PlayoutPlayout CenterCenter
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Broadcaster Distribution Networks
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From broadcasting to IPTV
Content broadcasting has a well established contentdistribution hierarchy
IPTV based services provide a new delivery platformfor content. Enabling consumption changes from linearbroadcasting to on demand models
Content distribution is transitioning from SynchronousDigital Interfaces (SDI) for uncompressed sourcesand/or from Asynchronous Serial Interfaces (ASI) for
compressed sources towards IP based transport
Broadcasting services are in transition of beingdelivered over IP multicast enabled infrastructures
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Video codingand transport
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Why compress video?
Uncompressed Digital Video in the SDI (SynchronousDigital Interface) format requires a tremendous amountof bandwidth to transmit
270Mbps for Standard Definition Service
1.485Gbps for High Definition Service
Compression techniques are required in order to delivervideo services over broadband IP networks
Also required to reduce the storage space requirementsfor Video on Demand (VOD) systems
Defined by international bodies such as the Moving
Picture Experts Group (MPEG)
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How Compression is Achieved
Limitations of human perception are used to determine whatinformation can be discarded from the signal without asignificant reduction in perceived signal quality
Visual Limitations
Limited resolution
Higher luminance resolution than color resolutionHigher sensitivity for coarse picture details than fine details
Psychoacoustic Limitations
Limited frequency response
Non-linear frequency response
Limited volume range
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Compression Process: Overview
Spatial Redundancy (space)
all the pixels in this area are the same color
Temporal Redundancy (time)
describe differences between frames
Visual/Perceptual Redundancy (lossy)discards data
Statistical Redundancy (can be lossless)
mathematically reduces data
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Temporal Redundancy: Highlight
Motion Prediction Frame types
I Frame
Complete Frame Encoded
P Frame
Ball Encoded with Motion Vectorfrom I frame
B FrameOnly Motion Encoded
Ball Bi-directionally from I & P
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Compression Methods: Temporal
9/3 Group Of Pictures (GOP) Frame Timing Sequence
Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame Frame
I B B P B B P B B I
I P B B P B B I
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
B B
0 1 23 4 56 7 89
Rec 601 Video Frames
ElementaryStream
Decode Sequence
Presentation Sequence
Frame
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MPEG-2 VideoVideo Hierarchy Sequence
. . . S E Q U E N C E . . .
II BB PP BB II BB PP BB
G.o.P x G.o.P x+1
... ...
Picture B
Slice 3
MB MB MB MB MB MB MBSlice 1
Y1 Y2
Y3 Y4Cb Cr
Macroblock k
Block n8 x 8 pixels
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H.264/AVC/MPEG-4 part 10Video Hierarchy Sequence
. . . S E Q U E N C E . . .
II BB PP BB II BB PP BB
G.o.V x G.o.V x+1
... ...
VOP #2
Slice c
MB MB MB MB MB MB MB
MB MB MB
MB
Slice a
Y1 Y2
Y3 Y4Cb Cr
Macroblock k
MB *VariableMB and Block
Block n8 x 8 pixels
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Encoder Compression Process
1. Process Composite and SDI Input signals.
2. Use Chroma sub-sampling Compression.
3. Use Temporal Compression methods
4. Use Spatial Compression methods to further compress data.
5. Use Mathematical Compression to further compress data.
6. Multiplex Video and Audio data to produce a Single ProgramTransport Stream.
COMP
In
SDI In
Process
signals
Y
Cr
Cb
Use Temporal
Compression
methods to
further
compress
Multiplex
signals to
Transport
Stream
Use Spatial
Compression
TS
ENCODER1
3
Use
Subsampling
Compression
Use
Mathematical
Compression
2 5 64
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MPEG-2 Single Program TransportStream
Transport Stream defined by ISO/IEC 13818-1 or ITU-T H.222.0
Video
PES
PCRs
Audio
PES
MPEG-1 Level 2 (Musicam)
or Dolby AC-3 5.1 Surround
Audio Elementary Stream
MPEG-2
TransportStream
Mux
Video
Encoder
Audio
Encoder
MPEG-1 or MPEG-2
SDTV or HDTV Video
Elementary StreamPacketizer
Video
Input
Audio
Inputs Packetizer
27 MHz clock
Timing Information
MPEG-2
SPTS to
network
or
storage
AudioPES
Alternate audio tracks
Optional application data
Contains a single videoprogram with associated
audio, data, etc.
PAT (PID=0) & PMT
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MPEG-2 Transport Stream Details
4 bytes4 bytes
Sync
byte
0x47
Transport
error
Indicator
Payload
unit start
Indicator
Transport
Scrambling
Control
Transport
PriorityPID
Adaptation
Field Control
Continuity
Counter
8 bits8 bits 11 11 2211 1313 22 4 bits4 bitsPacketPacket
HeaderHeader
188188 bytesbytes
eam packeteam packet MPEGMPEG--2 Tra2 Tra
Stuffing
bytes0xFF
Discontinuity
IndicatorFlags
Random
access
Indicator
Elementary
Stream
Priority
1 bit1 bit 55
Adaptation
field
length
Packet Payload
(PES or PSI data)
Start code 0x000001yy
PCR OPCRAdaptation
field ext.
Splice
countdownTS private
data
42 + 642 + 6 resres 8 bits8 bitsAdaptationAdaptation
FieldsFields
42 + 642 + 6 resres
. . .. . .. . .. . .
8 bits8 bits
Optional
Adaptation
Fields
variablevariable
1 bit1 bit 1 bit1 bit
MPEGMPEG--2 Transport Stream packet2 Transport Stream packet
Each 188 byte Transport Stream packet contains data from one eleEach 188 byte Transport Stream packet contains data from one elementarymentarystream or PSI/SI data as defined by the 13 bit PID valuestream or PSI/SI data as defined by the 13 bit PID value
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Encapsulation of MPEG-2 TS over IP
MPEG-2
TS(188)
RTP
Header(12)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
RTP
Header(12)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
UDP
Header(8)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
RTP
Header(12)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
MPEG-2
TS(188)
UDP
Header(8)
IP
Header(20)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
RTPHeader
(12)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
MPEG-2TS
(188)
UDPHeader
(8)
IPHeader
(20)
L2Header
(26)
2-3% L3 overhead, 1316 bytes MPEG2 + 28 (40 w/ RTP) IP
4-5% L2+L3 overhead, 1316 + 54 (66 w/ RTP) bytes
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Program Clock Reference
PCR clockphase
generator
PCR:encoderstamps
departuretime ofpacket
PCR clockfrequencygenerator
PCR:
arrivaltime ofpacket
PESSyntax
System
MUX
PESSyntax
Display
System
DEMUX
PCR clockrecovered
AudioDecoder
VideoDecoder
AudioEncoder
VideoEncoder
variable delay = e(n) variable delay = d(n)constant trans delay = Ctrans
constant total delay = Ctotal
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H.264 vs. MPEG-2 video Bit rate savings of up to 50% or more
Requires roughly 2-3 times the calculation power and memory
Motion compensation
Variable block sizes as small as 4x4 vs. 16x16Motion vector estimation: down to a of a pixel vs. of a pixel
Interpolative pictures: up to 5 frames for motion estimation vs. 2 frames
Spatial redundancy reduction
Integer transform vs. DCT. Reducing the influence of rounding errors
Reduces the Mosquito Noise effect
Exact reconstruction by all decoders (eg: STBs)
Higher number of quantization levels: 52 vs. 31
Improved entropic coding using Context Adaptive Binary ArithmeticCoding (CABAC) vs. static Variable Length Code (VLC)
In-loop adaptive filter in the encoder and decoder with the aim ofreducing the blockiness.
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Time
Original bit rate is 2.1 Mbps
Target bit rate in Q4/ 07 is 1.30 Mbps ! (~ 40% reduction)
Bit rate
January 0 6
2.1 Mbps
June 06 I BC 06 Q4/ 06
1.8 Mbps
1.6 Mbps
1.5 Mbps
1.30 Mbps Q4/ 07
H.264 Encoder Video Quality Improvements
Bit rate
April 06
8.5
Mbps
June 06 Q4/ 06 Q1/ 07
7.5 Mbps
7 Mbps
6.5 Mbps
6 Mbps
Q4/ 07
5 Mbps
I BC 06
Time
Std Def
AVC Encoding
Original bit rat e is 8.5 Mbps
Target bit rate in Q4/ 07 is 5 Mbps ! (> 40% reduction)
Hi Def
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Scrambling -Encryption
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Scrambling vs. DRM
Content protection can be broken down into 2 mainareas:
Conditional Access (CA) ensures video streams are onlyaccessible by those entitled to receive them. Scrambles thesignal with encryption keys and manages those keys based onviewers entitlement rights
Digital Rights Management (DRM) focuses on controllingaccess to the content by restricting how many times contentmay be viewed or copied. This may be based on viewingplatforms (ie: HDTV, PC, mobile phone) and content release
timeframes.
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Conditional Access
Conditional Access contains three layers:
Encrypting/Scrambling Layer
Control Word (CW)
Service/Operator Layer
Entitlement Control Message (ECM)
Management Layer
Entitlement Management Message (EMM)
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Encryption: Access Criteria & Rights
Mechanism to ensure only authorized users can decrypt
Access Criteria: Access Criteria that has to be valid to give the
subscriber access to the service - Service related (service layer) Ex. AC of Service A: Theme = Comics
Transported in ECM (Entitlement Control Message)
Access Right: Rights to a particular (group of) service(s) -subscriber related (management layer)
Ex. AR of John = {Can watch theme Comics and Docu, IPPV}
Transported in EMM (Entitlement Management Message)
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CWCW
ECMECM
EMMEMM
MPEG-2 Conditional Access Architecture
Three nested layers of CAS encryption:
CableCARD, DCAS
or DVB-CI in STB
EMMEMM
Control Word
Generator
ECM
Encryption
Subscriber
Management
Subscriber
Authorization
M
u
x
MM
uu
xx
CAsub-
system
Public Key
Identity
UnscrambledMPEG-2 TS
packets
ECMECM
CWCW
TxTx
ScrambledMPEG-2 TS
packets
DES-CBC,
DVB-CSA, etc.
Even/Odd key
Sent >0.4 sec
before needed
Scrambling
Changed every
5 to 15 seconds
per
content
per
subscriber
Key Control
Management
of protected
asset
De
m
ux
DDee
mm
uu
xx
PCMCIA or Secure MicroPCMCIA or Secure Micro
DescramblerScrambler
MPEG-2
MPTS
Designed for a broadcast environment
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IPTV BuildingBlocks
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Wireline IPTV/Video Overview
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Systems Interoperability Requirements
Encoder IP-STB Middleware VOD CAS
Encoder X X X
IP-STB X X X X
Middleware X X X
VOD X X X X
CAS X X X X
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IPTV Headend: Functionalities
QPSK
AcquisitionOFDM
QAM
ATM
A/V
Encode
E3/DS3
IP
Streaming
T
ransrating
De
scrambling
Re-Multiplexin
g
S
crambling
Management
ASI
Trans
code
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IPTV Headend
Content Management:Scrambling & Streaming
EncodingVideo routerIRD
IP cloud HE or
network
SDI
Management System
QPSK
SDI
Atlas
OFDM ASIIndus
ASI
SDI
SDI
SDI
SDI
SDI
DCM
SDI
SDI
SDI
SDI
Backup Unit
BU
HD
Decoders
Conditional AccessSystem(s)
IPTV Headend
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IPTV HeadendIntegrated Receiver Decoder
Typical capabilities of an IRD:
Single or Dual decoder configurations
4:2:0 MPEG-2 Video Decode
DVB-S or IP Input
NTSC/PAL video with MPEG/Dolby Digital (AC-3) audio
4:3 &16:9 Aspect Ratio
DVB-CI
DVB VBI & Subtitling
EBU Teletext Decoding SNMP & Web Interface
IPTV Headend
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IPTV HeadendH.264/AVC Encoder
D9054
D9054 Single Slice
H.264 MP@L4 (MPEG-4) encoder
1080i, 720p support
Single slice AVC HD encoder
Integrated Picture in Picture
Integrated HE-AAC audio IP and ASI outputs Multi-Slice
IPTV Headend
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IPTV HeadendDigital Content Manager (DCM)
May fit in both centralized and distributed architectures
Multiplexes multiple source streams into one stream
Provides transrating to deliver more programs over lessbandwidth
Ad insertion capabilities
Secure content using DVB Simulcrypt scrambling Delivers one to one and service redundancy
Modular Platform
IPTV Headend
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IPTV HeadendDigital Content Manager (DCM)
4 I/O boards available ASI board: 10 ASI in/outputs GbE board: 2 GbE inputsplus 2 redundant
Full duplexEach port configurable as input oroutput
Co-Processor daughter board Mated to I/O card Optional FPGA with zillions of gates Allow extreme transrating DPI
Scrambling
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Set top box
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IP Set top box features
10/100bT
Ethernet
HDMI
YPrPb Dual Scart
Optical
S/PDIF
RF
RemodulationDVB-T in
RF in
12 VDC
Power
L/R Audio
USB 2.0
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STB data flow
STB Network BufferDe-jitter
Re-order
FEC/re-xmit
STB
Video Decode Buffer
Private
data
To CPU
Video data
Audio data
STB
Audio Decode Buffer
Transpor
tDemux
TV
Video
audio
CBR/VBR
Packets
2. Transport
Demux
separates video
and audio
1. Packets enter the
network buffer 3. When buffer is ~ full,
Audio and Video
Decoders play from BufferBuffers are not synchronised and act independently one from another
S i tifi Atl t F il f IP STB
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Scientific Atlantas Family of IP STBs
Standard Definition
IPN330SD
Key Features Advanced System On Chip
(SOC) silicon
MPEG-4/H.264, VC-1 and
MPEG-2 Standard and High Definition
WinCE or Linux OS
Options for Middleware and
CA/DRM
z Single SD plus PIP decode
High Definition
IPN330HD
z Single SD or HD plus PIP decode
Digital Video Recorder
IPN430MCz Single SD or HD plus PIP decode
z Fanless DVR (80 GB typical)
z Whole house server
Multi-Stream DVR Gateway
IPN603MCG z One set-top for the entire home
(3 decoders-in-one)
z HD to primary TV
zTwo SD/RF outputs to other TVs
z Fanless DVR (80 GB typical)
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Content DeliveryServices
What is VOD?
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What is VOD?
Leverages
Digital Cable or IPSet Top Boxes (STBs)
Service Provider
VOD is about putting the consumer in
control in accessing high-qualityvideo-based content
VOD = Video-On-Demand
C t t t
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Content management
Asset = Content + Metadata describing the content
Description uses XML language
CableLabs specifications available
Building and associating Metadata with content
Linking Metadata with the Electronic Program Guide
Asset Management
Pushing titles (media + metadata) to the edge servers(CDN/VOD)
Making titles available/unavailable (publishing)
http://www.cablelabs.com/projects/metadata/specifications/specifications20.html
C t t A Di t ib ti P tt
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Content Access Distribution Patterns
Popular titles are accessed the mostbut actual use depends on many things:
MOD vs. SVOD vs. FreeVOD (service type)Promotion of service and titles (advertising)
Timeliness of content (content window)
Churn or replacement rate (new content)Type of content (Hollywood movies, documentaries, library)
Size of content library (i.e. number of titles)
Time of the day, day of the week
Follows a ZipforExponential Distribution model
C t t D li S t hit t
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Content Delivery System architecture
Catcher is the content acquisitionpoint into the system
Distributed architecture
Hierarchical network storage
Streaming at the network edge
Multi level cache
Vaults:
Ingest & reliable storage for ametro, region or nation
Streamers:
Personalized video
streamingPulls content from Vault ondemand and caches atnetwork edge
Many TV Streamer Arrays
served by single Vault
Catcher
Vault Array
Streamer
Arrays
Set Top Box & EPG Set Top Box & EPG
Middl
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Middleware
Acts as the interface between the STB and thedifferent service platforms in an IPTV architecture
Service Discovery (EPG) and Selection
Interface to Subscriber Management and Billingplatforms
Interface to Session Resource Manager
Interface to VOD servers
Limited standardised framework, each vendor hashis own solution, APIs and system components
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Service Information: PSI / SI
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Service Information: PSI / SI
Program Specific Information and Service Information
Tells what can be found where
The PSI/SI is needed for auto tuning and auto setup of STBs,IRDs ...
(P)SI is organized in sections and tables
Some descriptors should be present in the tables Tables are encoded as payload in the TS packets
One table can be spread over several packets
must be broadcasted regularly, standardized by MPEG-2 (e.g.every 500 ms)
Video PSI Audio Data
TV Anytime
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TV-Anytime
TV-Anytime is an open standard for metadata describing TV andradio programs that is designed to support Personal VideoRecorders (PVRs), program guides and related technologies.
Not limited to DVB-SI information and is transport agnostic, can becarried over DVB, ATSC, DBS, TCP/IP.
Standardised by ETSI in TS 102 822
URL based on Content Reference Identifier (CRID) RFC 4078.crid://xyz.domain.com/abc/def
Compressed metadata requires of the DVB-SI space. Less
storage space & less bandwidth overhead -> more and/or richercontent data.
http://portal.etsi.org/radio/TVAnytime/TVanytime.asp
DVB Service Discovery and Selection
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DVB Service Discovery and Selection
The SD&S specification covers:
Service (and Provider) discovery
Service selectionTransport of the Discovery information (push and pull modes)
Service discovery results in:
List of available providers and services, with sufficientinformation to make a choice/select (user) and to enable access(system)
Two types of Live Media Broadcast
TS full SI: DVB-SI embedded in the transport stream
TS optional SI: Only PSI must be embedded in the transportstream
Service discovery information represented with and carried as XMLrecords
Service Selection
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Service Selection
Live Media Broadcast services:
Data sent to a multicast group is only forwarded to receiverswhich explicitly joined the multicast group using IGMP
DVB-IP supports IGMPv3
introduces source specific multicast (SSM) to optimise IPmulticast network load
enables routers to filter on specific source addresses ofsenders of multicast groups.
Optionally RTSP may be used
Content on Demand services:Delivered over IP unicast
Accessed via RTSP, DVB-IP profile specified (to guarantee
interoperability and reduce testing effort)
DVB Broadband Content Guide
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DVB Broadband Content Guide
Defined in ETSI TS 102 539 v1.1.1 (2006-11)
Broadband Content Guide (BCG) refers to a Content Guide deliverover IP
However, it can be used to describe content that is delivered overany network (e.g. IP, DVB-S, DVB-T)
BCG data model:
Based on TV-Anytime XML Schema (ETSI TS 102 822)
BiM-encoded (Binary format for Multimedia description streams)
BCG encapsulation:
All BCG data is segmented and carried inside Data Delivery Units
BCG transport:
Uses existing DVB-IP transport for SD&S
Optional query mechanism for metadata acquisition: SOAP over HTTP
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IP TransportNetwork
IPTV over BB Solution
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IPTV over BB Solution
Cisco Gigabit-Ethernet Optimized
IPTV/Video over Broadband SolutionDesign and Implementation Guide,
Release 1.1
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/solution/vobbsols/vob2/vb2dig/index.htm
Redundancy models
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Redundancy models
Dual streams (1+1 RTP sessions)
Let the receiver decide which one to take
More applicable in cable vs. DSL/FTTH
Heartbeat
Active sends periodic hello to standby (muted) source
Receiver driven
Same group with two sources. STB decides which one to join usingIGMPv3
Requires IGMPv3 support on STB
Anycast Source
Two (or more) sources actively sending with same origin IP addressNetwork decides which one to use using its metrics
Disaster-recovery and redundant headend applications
IGMPv3 or IGMPv2
Advantages of SSM
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Advantages of SSM
Simpler
Sources are known in advance
No Rendez-Vous Point (RP)
Single (Shortest Path or SPT) tree
More secure
Only one source can send to SSM channel
Prevents DoS by malicious attacks or misconfigurations More scalable
Better use of address space
Receiver needs to use IGMPv3 for source specific join
Alternative is to do SSM Mapping at the PIM router
Map IGMPv2 (*,G) join to a source specific PIM join
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Next Generation Broadband Services HaveDifferent Transport and Operational Needs
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Different Transport and Operational Needs
Service Type Transport Service Application Service
SLA Type Transport SLA Access Behavior
Bandwidth AccessRates
Drop, Delay, Jitterper Service
Service LevelDestinations andAccounting
Application SLA
Video: # of Set Tops,TV Package, PVR,HDTV vs SDTV
Voice: # of Voice Calls,# of Phones,Telephony Services,Telephone Numbers,etc.
SubscriberControl
SLAEnforcement
Network Based
Enforced by
Service Gateway Traffic Policies per
Subscriber Session
Application Based
Based on Application
Signaling
QoS
Network Based
Service andSession Gateway
PPPoE, IPoESessionManagement
PPPoE LineID VSA,DHCP Option 82,Username, MAC.
Application Based
SIP Proxy
Video Middleware
Subscriber & ServiceClass Level
Different ServiceClasses
Per subscriber
serviceclassification,queuing andshaping
Service Aggregate Level Single Queue per
Service Class
Differentiated ServiceQOS Model
Network ConnectionAdmission Control
Internet Access
Operational Intensive, Transport SLA
Internet Access
Operational Intensive, Transport SLA
Triple Play (Voice, VoD, TV)
Transport Intensive, Application SLA
Triple Play (Voice, VoD, TV)
Transport Intensive, Application SLA
Wholesale Services
Aggregate Transport SLAs,
Wholesale Services
Aggregate Transport SLAs,
Ethernet to the Business
Operational Intensive, Transport SLA
Ethernet to the Business
Operational Intensive, Transport SLA
Next Generation Broadband Architecture
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DSLAccess Node
BRAS
L3VPN PE
ServiceControl
Business
Residential
STB
Aggregation
Aggregation
Core Network
IP / MPLS
Business
Aggregation
SiSi
SiSi
SiSi
SiSi
SiSi
EthernetAccess Node
Aggregation NetworkMPLS and/OR Ethernet,IP/IP mcast/ PIM/SSM
L2 Access L2/3 Edge
Identity Address
Mgmt
Portal Subscriber
DatabaseMonitoring
Policy
DefinitionBilling
Policy Control Plane (per subscriber)
Distribution
Residential
STBVoD
Content Network
TV SIP
VoD
Content Network
TV SIP
Distribution
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Quality ofExperience
QoE from the users perspective
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p p
Based on the end users subjective perception of theservice delivered defined by:
Content availabilityChoice, ease of access and indexing of the available content
Audio and video quality
A/V resolution, lip synchronization, subtitles, clean audio
User Interface
Design, navigation, ergonomics, color palette
Electronic Program Guide
Program description, genre classification, up to date with last
minute schedule changes
IPTV QoE in the architecture STB
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A/VEncoding
FEC
EPG info qualityGUI design
Network ElementsDelay, jitter,
packet ordering
VOD
Server loaddistribution
Fast ChannelChange,
RSVP CAC
MetroAggregation
Network
VoD Servers
Home
gateway
Homegateway
Home
gateway
Homegateway
Homegateway
Homegateway
IP/MPLSCore
SuperHeadEnd
Live
Broadcast& VoDAsset
Distribution
Central/EndOffice
VoD Servers
IRT/RTE
IRT/RTE
DistrictOffices
Home networking
Delay, jitter, packetordering
STBA/V decode buffers,
Lip sync,Output interfaces
A/VEncoding
Highlights of the main areas
Central/End
Offices
MW Servers
QoS Guidelines for Video
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No per subscriber SLA needed
Network SLAs
Delay: not critical. Most applications are unaffected
Jitter: not critical. IP-STBs can buffer 200 msec
Packet-loss: critical. Packet loss rate < 10-6 (one noticeableartifact per hour of streaming @ 4Mbps ). 1 video packet lostmay lead to >500 ms of visible artifacts.
Packet loss due to queue drops by bursts ataggregation points from multiple sources (also numberof hops, link occupation)
Queue depth sizing using probability analysis so packetloss rate (e.g. 10-6) is below target
Impact of Packet Loss
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Macro blocking (pixilation)
Continuity counter errors and sync loss
Invalid MPEG tables and table playout rate violation,including frame loss and frame freeze
PCR jitter, playout rate, drift violation In worst case, this may lead to STB lockup
Highly dependent on the information lost, codec used,bitrate, decoder concealment algorithms, loss distanceand rate
Packet Loss example
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0% PacketLoss
0.5 % Packet
Loss
5 % PacketLoss
On-Path CAC Benefits and Applicability
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Since RSVP message follow exact same path as flow, RSVP CAC :
Is Accurate in any arbitrary topology (ring, mesh, star, hub, chain,)
Dynamically adjusts to reroute, failures, capacity increase
eg from Nx1GE to (N+1)x1GE, from Nx1GE to 10 GEIs Completely independent of VoD Content Distribution
RSVP CAC can cover all links in Aggregation
RSVP CAC also covers DSLAM uplinks
RSVP CAC brings a lot of value as soon as aggregation topology isnon-trivial:
Carry higher VoD load for given
Increase QoE for given
Decrease required links bandwidth for given
Requires VoD Transport over native IP or over LDP/Global
RSVP-based VoD CAC
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L3 IP/MPLS
Core
VoD
BRAS
802.1Q
Ethernet/IP/MPLS Aggregation
Business
Corporate
Cisco 7600
(U-PE)
IPoE
Residential
VoDController
/SRMEntitlement SysSession Mgt, EPG
Middleware
eg RTSP
RSVP Path
RSVP Resv
IPoE
IPoE
IPoE
CAC
CAC
CACCAC
CAC
VoD Stream
Oversubscription on DSLAM link
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PE
10GE
1GE
250-500 users per DLAM
1GE
DSLAM
DSLAM
DSLAM
200-250 DLAMs per 7600
2. Triple Play Services need tosupport 250 500 users
- Voice : IP phone connectionsper home
- Video : 200 500 cable channels- Data : Internet
- VOD : 10 % users using VOD
Key Points
3. If 500 homes on a single DSLAMare all watching a different channel,the total BW required for video alonewould be 500 x 4Mbps = 2Gbps!!!
4. This is NOT enough BW for a gooduser experience in the worst casescenario.
5. And dont forget, we still need BW toaccomodate Voice, VoD & Data!
6. CONCLUSION
Cat7600
1. 250 500 end users need tobe supported on a 1 GbpsDSLAM uplink.
Simply Not Enough BWfor all the Triple Play Services
1GE
Per Interface Mroute State Limit
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PE
1GE
1GE
DSLAM
DSLAM
Cat7600
10GE
250-500 users per DLAM
DSLAM
Key Points: interface Gig0/0description --- Interface towards DSLAM ---...
ip igmp limit 125
1GE
IGMP State Limit Feature:Limit the number of receivers allowedto join a source per interface
4. The required CAC needed perinterface comes out to:
500Mbps/4Mbps = 125 mroutes
3. 50% of each outgoing 1Gbpslink (500Mbps) needs to beprovisioned for multicastvideo leaving the remaining50% for Voice, Internet & VoD.
PE
300 channels x 4Mbps = 1.2Gbps > 1GE
Multicast Video (50%)
Voice, Internet, VOD
2. Each SDTV channel isapproximately 4Mbps.
1. Assume the number of SDTVchannels offered by a ServiceProvider is 300
BW Based Hierarchical Per Interface MrouteState Limit
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Key Points:
BW Based Limit Feature:Configure BW costs for group rangesConfigure BW limits per interfacebased on costs
3. Service Provider (SP) would like toprovision fair sharing ofbandwidth between these three
content providers to itsconsumers across 1Gbps links.
4. Each CP should be able to use upto 250Mbps & leave the remaining250 Mbps for Voice/Internet/VoD.
! Global
ip multicast limit cost MPeg2-SD-channels 4000 ! Cost or BW per group
ip multicast limit cost MPeg2-HD-channels 18000
!
ip access-list standard MPeg2-HD-channels
permit 232.100.1.0 0.0.0.255
interface Gig0/0description --- Interface towards DSLAM ---
! CAC
ip multicast limit out provider1-channels 25000
ip multicast limit out provider2-channels 25000
!ip access-list standard provider1-channels
permit 232.100.0.0 0.0.255.255
1. Three Content Providers (CPs) areproviding multicast content.
2. Each CP will have TV programsw/ different BW:
- MPEG2 SDTV: 4 Mbps- MPEG2 HDTV: 18 Mbps- MPEG4 SDTV: 1.6 Mbps- MPEG4 HDTV: 6 Mbps
PE
1GEDSLAM
DSLAM
DSLAM
1GE
PE
Voice, Internet, VOD
10GE
10GE
ContentProvider 1
ContentProvider 2
Content
Provider 3MPEG4 SDTV
MPEG2 SDTV
MPEG4 SDTVMPEG2 HDTV
Basic (100 channels)
Premium (100 channels)
Gold (100 channels)
CP2 - 250 MbpsCP 3 250 Mbps
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Summary
IPTV is about
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IPTV is about subscriber BB services
Broadcast TV, VoD, Switched Digital Video (today)
Future interactive video services
... over a DVB/ATSC application (MPEG) layer providing
Compression, Packetization, Multiplexing, Scrambling, ...
... over an RTP/UDP session layer providing
Sequencing, Timestamping, Multiplexing, Checksum
... over an IP packet network layer providingIntelligent packet operations, QoS, CAC, FEC, retransmission,RCC, ...
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Q and A
Further information
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Cisco Wireline Video/IPTV Solution Design andImplementation Guide, Release 1.1
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/solution/vobbsols/vob2/vb2dig/vb2.pdf
IPTV and Video over Broadband Networks
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns610/networking_solutions_solution_category.html
Further information
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Scientific Atlanta IPTV Headend & STB solutions
http://www.saeurope.com/solutions/IPTV_headend.htm
http://www.saeurope.com/solutions/IPSetTops.htm
Scientific Atlanta Whitepapers
http://www.saeurope.com/solutions/WhitePapers.htm
VOD Content Delivery System
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps7191/Products_Sub_Category_Home.html
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