cisco networking academy chabot college elec 99.08 router introduction
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Chabot CollegeChabot College
ELEC 99.08ELEC 99.08Router Introduction
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What is a Router?What is a Router?
• A special purpose computer
• Hardware and software dedicated to path selection and packet switching
• Cisco routers derived from Unix computers
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• Temporary Storage (volatile)
RAM RAM
RAM - Random Access MemoryDRAM - Dynamic Random Access MemoryContents are lost when router is powered off.
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• Long-Term Storage (non-volatile)
Hard Disk NVRAM
Non Volatile RAMContents are saved when router is powered off.
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• Serial Communications
Serial Interfaces(COM1,COM2)
Serial Interfaces(S0, S1)
Used for printers, modems Used for WAN
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• LAN Communications
Ethernet NICEthernet Interfaces
(E0, E1)
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• Boot Instruction Sequence
ROM ROM
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• Operating System
Windows IOS
Internet Operating System
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• Flash memory function
Stores BIOS Stores IOS
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PC vs. RouterPC vs. Router
• User interaction
MonitorKeyboard
Mouse
Terminal
(connects to console port via “rollover” cable)
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What is a Terminal?What is a Terminal?
• User box– Monitor– Keyboard– Serial port (connects to host)
SD
SERIAL 0 SERIAL 1 CONSOLE AUX
CISCO 2514
Input: 100-240VACFreq: 50.60 HzCurrent: 1.2-0.6AWatts: 40W
AUIAUI
• Has no:– CPU– Storage– Operating system
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What is a “rollover” cable?What is a “rollover” cable?
• Straight-through cable with connections at one end completely reversed. (Turn the rj-45 plug upside down on one end.)
• Connects to Cisco router console port.
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Router Port SummaryRouter Port Summary
• Serial Interfaces– WAN links– Names: S0, S1– V.35 Cable
• Ethernet Interfaces– LAN links– Names: E0, E1– Transceiver / Twisted-pair cable
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Router Port SummaryRouter Port Summary
• Console Port– Terminal connection to configure router– Name: con0– Rollover cable
• Aux Port– Modem connection to configure router– Name: aux0– Rollover cable
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Router Port SummaryRouter Port Summary
• Virtual Terminal ports– Virtual, not physical ports– Users reach these ports via Telnet– Names: vty0, vty1, vty2, vty3, vty4
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Router CapabilitiesRouter Capabilities
• Main Functions– Path selection– Packet switching
• Additional Functions– Broadcast containment– VLAN links– Security / Access control
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• Network Edge– WAN links to other sites in the enterprise– WAN gateway to Internet
• Network Core– Backbone links– Collapsed backbone
• Anywhere– Network segmentation device– Security device
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• WAN links to other sites in the enterprise– Example: connect Chabot to Las Positas– Use serial ports– Low bandwidth, compared to LAN (T-1 is
1.54 mbs)– Cisco 2500 series router used frequently for
this role.
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• WAN Gateway to Internet– Example: connects CLPCCD network to ISP– Uses serial port– Low bandwidth, compared to LAN (T-1 is
1.54 mbs)– Cisco 2500 series router used frequently for
this role
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• Backbone links– Connect user groups to backbone– Use ethernet ports (or other LAN ports such as
token ring or FDDI)– High bandwidth, (Typically 10 or 100 mbs)– An older network design– Cisco modular routers used frequently for this
role (e.g. 3600, 4000 series), but can be done with 2514 in low traffic situations
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• “Collapsed Backbone”– Backbone in a box; center of extended star– Uses ethernet ports or fast ethernet ports– A modern network design– Uses high-end Cisco routers (e.g.7500 series)– Router often works with large switches to
manage VLANS.
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• Network segmentation device– Router links:
• networks• subnets• switch VLANS
– Broadcasts (usually) not forwarded– Router works together with high-end switch
(ISL) or router module is part of the switch
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• Security device– Access control rules allow router to control
traffic between:• networks• subnets• switch VLANS
– Traffic regulated by “Access Control Lists”
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Router RolesRouter Roles
• The Cisco 7507 at the core of Chabot’s net performs all these roles:– WAN links to other sites in the enterprise– Collapsed backbone– Network segmentation device (VLAN links,
broadcast containment)– Security device
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
Gateway to Internet
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
WAN link to a remote site in the company
San FranciscoNetwork
San JoseNetwork
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
Backbone access
Science Dept
EngineeringDept
BusinessDept
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
“Collapsed Backbone”
Science Dept
EngineeringDept
BusinessDept
Administration Dept
RemoteOffice
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
Network segmentation device
192.168.4.0net
192.168.5.0net
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
Network segmentation device(linking VLANs)
VLAN1
VLAN2
VLAN1
VLAN2
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
Network segmentation device(linking VLANs)
VLAN1
VLAN2
ISL TrunkISL, Cisco’s Inter Switch Link, manages traffic from multiple VLANs over a single Ethernet pipe. ISL is covered in Semester 3.
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What is this router’s role?What is this router’s role?
Security device (firewall)
Access control rules:1. Outbound traffic to Internet: YES2. Inbound traffic from Internet: NO
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Assignment: Create a Visio drawing Assignment: Create a Visio drawing showing routers in at least two of these showing routers in at least two of these roles. Use logical network symbols.roles. Use logical network symbols.
• Network Edge– WAN links to other sites in the enterprise– WAN gateway to Internet
• Network Core– Backbone links– Collapsed backbone
• Anywhere– Network segmentation device– Security device