cisco press - introduction to storage area networking technologies (slides)

7/30/2019 Cisco Press - Introduction to Storage Area Networking Technologies (Slides)

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Introduction to StorageNetworking

Session CDC-101

Agenda

Storage Basics and TermsIntroduction to SANsSAN Connectivity Fibre ChannelSAN Applications


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SAN Current DevelopmentsCisco Storage Networking

Partnerships

Storage Basics and Terms

Server Attached Storage

Server centric model all storagebehind server CPU Server


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Data access is file system andplatform dependent

Server CPU must handle not only

user I/O requests, but also:User database inquiriesUser file/print serving

Communication with other devices

LAN burdened with disk I/O traffic


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nnel

Simply stated, it is the technology

resides betweena computer and the dused to store its dataThis relationship can exist either in

to thecomputer enclosure or can extend tostorage devices

Storage device is only accessibleattached host

External I/O Internal I/O

Network Attached Stor (NAS)


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Redundant Arrayof

Inexpensive Disks (RAID

Fault-tolerant grouping of disks that server views as

a single disk volume

Combination of striping,mirrorinparity checking

Self-contained, manageableunit of storage

Management: one file systemaentire virtual disk

RAID delivers capacity,performance, reliability,

and availability benefitsDrives are independantly

attached to I/O channel

Scalable, but requires


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volumes

No protection in the

event of drive failureDrives share common

power supplies andphysical chassis

Small Computer SInterface (SCSI)

Parallel interface I/O technologyMaximum cable run length is 25 meteSpeeds up to 320 MB/sec (Ultra SCSI

16-bit wide bus)Maximum of 16 (I/O controller + devices)

SCSI devices per bus

SC


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Scalability and distance limitationssupport of largescale storagerequiring disaster recovery

SCSI

Adapter

Enterprise System CONn(ESCON)


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use between IBM S/390 servers andstorage or other peripheral devices

Standard widely supported in othevendors storage products

Transmits over fiber optic cableMax distance of 43 KmMax speed of 17 MB/secIntroduction of ESCON directors

Storage Basics and TermsIntroduction to SANsSAN Connectivity FibreChannelSAN Applications

SAN Current Developments

Cisco Storage NetworkingPartnerships


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Agenda

Introduction to SANS

SAN: What Is It?


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LAN

(Packets)

SAN

(Blocks)


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Storage Devices

SAN Architectural Model Gartner Group,1999

Gartner Group propose that a true SANconsists of aConnectivity portion (deviceoriented) and a Value portion (provides SANservices)


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The Promises of SAN

Massively extended scalability

Greatly enhanced deviceconnectivityStorage consolidation/centralized data

managementLAN-free, centralized backupServerless (active-fabric) backup


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Server clusteringHeterogeneous data sharing

Disaster recovery remotemirroring

SANs: Scalability andPerformance

Storage expansion Noimpact on servers

Server expansion Noimpact on storage


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SANs: High Availability

Multiple levels of redundancy areconfigurablethroughout data path(dualHBAs, redundant

fabric, server clusters)Multiple access paths

allow failover clusterconfigurations

De-coupling of storagefrom applicationsallows it to be managedindependently

Data vaulting anddisaster recoveryconfigurations can addressloss of service due to site failures


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What??

NAS and SAN solutionssolve different

application storagerequirements

SAN is appropriate for DBMS (OLTP) storageand most applicationscenarios

NAS is appropriatefor file serving andfilesharing applications


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network technologiesExpand easily to keeppace with fast

growing storage

needs Allow any

server to access any

data Help centralize

management of

storage

resources

Reduce total

cost of

ownership

Agenda


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SAN Connectivity Fibre Channel

What Is Fibre Channel?

American National Standards Institute(ANSI)standard drafted in 1988Combines the benefits of both channel and

network technologiesSCSI and IP are the primary upper layer

protocolscommercially available on Fibre Channel


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Benefits of mapping SCSI onto Fibre Channel

include:Faster speed over parallel SCSI

Ability to connect more storage devicestogether Greater distances allowed between storagedevices

Operates over copper (twisted pair) or glass(fiber optic) cable

Fibre Channel Offers

Multiple protocol support(today mainlyIP and SCSI)

Networking (bridging andswitching)capability and functionality

Heterogeneous interconnectSpeed: 1 Gbps today, 2 Gbps in 2001

(readynow on HBAs); 10 Gbps in near future (2002)


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Boasts: bandwidth, availability,reliability,integrity, and scalability

Fibre Channel Best of Both Worlds

I/O ChannelData block-basedClosed structured

High performance

Error freeLarge data transfer

Hardware intensive

Packet-basedOpen, unstructured

Error-free secondary


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Fibre Channel Best of Both Worlds!

Fibre Channel PortTypes

N port: Node ports used for

connecting peripheralstorage devices to switch fabric or for point-to-pointconfigurations

F port: Fabric ports reside on

switches and allowconnection of storage peripherals(N port devices)

L port: Loop ports are usedin arbitrated loopconfigurations to

build storage peripheralnetworkswithout FC switches;these ports often also have Nportcapabilities and are called


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Point-to-Point

is dedicated to communication


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itablefor smallscalescenarioswhenstoragedevicesare

dedicatedto fileservers

Arbitrated LoopMax nodes = 16 million (24 bits)Max bandwidth = 100 MB/sec


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End-to-end connection managedby N portsSwitching and addressinghandledby fabric

Switched Fabric


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Combining Loops andFabrics

Node E

Fabrics can connect multiplearbitrated loops

Each loop can only contain asingle Fabric/Loop (FL) port


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members can only see membersin same zone Zones areconfigured dynamically Devices

fabric switches

Secured device accessallows for operatingsystemco-existence

Fibre Channel ZoningExample

Nodes A, B, and C can


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pipecreated betweentwo N_Ports

Class 2: Multiplexed;each frame finds arouteto the destination,delivery or non-deliveryisacknowledged

Class 3: Datagramservice; same asclass 2withoutacknowledgement

F

iber

Cha


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Point-to-point: Arbitrated loop:Switched fabric:

Fibre Channel SCSIComparison

Fibre Channel Fabric Fibre C Arbi

Connections: 16 Million 126Distance: 10 Km 10KmBandwidth:

100 MB/sec Per Connection

100Band

Hot Plug Capable:Multiple Protocols:

Yes Yes Yes Y

160M


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Interfaces/Host Bus AHubs

Switches

Bridges and channel eStorage systems

Fibre Channel HostBus

Adapters and

Interfaces32/64 bit, 33/66 Mhz PCI2.1compliant Other bussessupported:

Features GBIC support (some


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Fibre Channel Hub

Cascading


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Node Fail

ur

In example, node C suffers afailure and goes offline;Fibre

Channel hub senses failure andbridges breakin loop; remainingdevices on loop remainconnected

Arbitrated loops built usingFibre Channel hubs are


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Fibre Channel SCSI

Adapter provides protocoltranslation between SCSIandFibre Channel

Device controller provides

either 7 or 15 SCSI device IDsHost

Used to map SCSI IDs Initiator to Fibre Channel attached targets

World Wide Node Name (WWNN) Assigned to Fibre Channel nodedevice by vendor

World Wide Port Name (WWPN)


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of a Fibre Channel loop identifier assigned to N ports vi a the network

AgendaIntroduction to SANs

SAN Connectivity Fibre SAN Applications

SAN CurrentDevelopmentsCisco StorageNetworking Partnerships


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SANs Applications

SAN Applications

High performance backup: multipleservers using SAN to backup to ashared backup resource

Storage consolidation and expansion:Consolidating storage for simplified management


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Scaling storage to meet business needsDisaster protection

Clustering for fault tolerance

Remote real-time mirroring of data

The Backup Dilemma

ProblemIncreasing amounts of data to backupDecreasing daily backup windowIncreasing backup costs

Solution Centralized backup hardwareReduced equipment and management costs Highbandwidth I/O channel to offload LAN Improvedbackup performance

Scalable connectivityCost effective deployment


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Network Backup Today

LAN-Fr ee

Backup


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Serverless

Backup

StorageConsolidatiExpansion

SAN provides of scale in storag

allocation


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Purchase

drivenbycostnotcapacity

Allocation ondemandno

waste

SANprovides

increased configurflexibility MultipleMultiple RAID levels

SAN provides expansion capabilstorage as required Abandwidth as needed

Storage BasiTerms

Introduction SAN

Connectivity Channel

SAN ApplicSAN Curr

DevelopmentsCisco Storag

Networking Par

Agenda


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SANs Whats Next??

Current Developments

in Storage Networking

SCSI over IP (ISCSI) Driven primarilyby Cisco and IBM

Fibre Channel over IP Driven by CNT,


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iSCSI Encapsulation

Destin


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Addr

8 6 62

4 Octet Well-known Ports: 21FTP 22 Telnet 25 SMTP 80 http


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Enca

psulated

TCP Header


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Leverages capabilities

of intelligent IP and

optical networkinfrastructure

Cost-effectivescalability for e-business

iSCSI


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Solves the multi-vendor SAN Island problem

Best features of FibreChannel

Best features of IP networks

Problem: FibreChannelHomogeneous SANIslands


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Provides a Solution toIslands

Why iSCSI?

Gain Universal Access to Storage


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Access storage from manyserver operating systems

Use existing securityinfrastructure

Use existing managementinfrastructure

iSCSI: IP-SANsEnhance Fibre


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High availability


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iSCSI FutureImprovements

IP latency andthroughput

Bandwidth isnot a bottleneck

atgigabitEthernetspeeds

Overcoming CPU

Addressing security

Standard IPsecurityfunctionality:

IPsec,3DES,firewalls,

ACLs,VLANs


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Fibre Channelblocksinto IP packets

Maps Fibre Channelfabric domains toIPaddresses

IP Protocol 133 for Fibre Channel

encapsulated framesWill typicallyfragment blocks

Why FCIP?Integrates FibreChannel Islands

Fibre Channel over IPallows integrationofmulti-vendor Fibre ChannelSAN islands over the IP


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EMC Partnership

ECOstructure High availability

e-business initiative/blueprintssee url: http://www.eEcostructure.co

DWDM certification Metro 1500SRDF over IP solution (with CNT)


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Data center consolidationFibre Channel e-port extensi

Tape

GESym

StorageFC FC


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Main Site Departmental


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Metro ApplicationsSRDF over ESCON direct connect

SRDF over FC via connectrix (BrocadeRequires EMC certification

Symmetrix Synchronous or Symmetrix EMC Conne

onnectrix EMC FC Switch FC Switch

StorageSRDF/FC

Storage SRDF/FC


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Applications wEMC:Remote Mirroring

Synchronous/Asynchronous

Multi-hopStorage London

FC

New Jersey

New York

FutureC6000

FC-PA

IP-FC

Storage

SRDF/FC SRDF/FCFC FCEMC SRDF


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Production Standby Data Center

Asynchrounous transfer only


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Asynchronous

StorageStorage Storage Storage

IP

EMC SRDF


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connectivity in Cisco catalyst 6000 first ha2001 SAN to IP-based optical MAN

Brocade Partnership

BROCADE SilkWorm and C

DWDM interoperability


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Brocade Partnership FibChannel Extension over

Fibre Channel over IP via FCe-port


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SCSI, FC,

Database

FCFC

FCIP FCIPFC

Production

Network AppliancePartnership

Partnership to developnetwork-centric storagesolutions for enterprise custome


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network applianceF700, F800, Ffilers and snap mirror softwareawell as Cisco catalyst 4000 and

6500 switches

Network Attached DataCenter Model

Server Farm

Remote Storage over

Model

Network Appliance Network Appliance F820 Filer F840


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r

Additional Information

Fibre Channel Industry


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