INDUSTRIESSLUMSDWELLINGS

Bom bay has trad itionally owe d its prospe rity large ly to its textile

m ills and its s e aport till the 1 980s . The se are now incre as ingly

be ing re place d by ind ustrie s e m ploying m ore skille d labour such

as e ngine e ring, d iam ond polish ing, he althcare and inform ation

te chnology.

S om e of the othe r ind ustrie s that Bom bay has includ e :

Pharm ace uticals

H ind i F ilm Ind ustry

Autom ob ile s

Printing..e tc.

S e ve ral m ajor Ind ian com panie s are he ad quarte re d in

Mum bai. The thre e large st private com panie s in Ind ia,

Re liance Ind ustrie s , Tata G roup and Ad itya Birla G roup,

are base d in Mum bai.

Tod ay Mum bai accounts for 20% of Ind ia's total

e m ploym e nt in ind ustry and 1 1 % of Ind ia's e m ploym e nt

in total.

It hand le s 30% of Ind ia's e xports and im ports and is the

subcontine nt's large st port.

Lond on sh ifte d to a m ostly se rvice -base d e conom y e arlie r than

othe r E urope an citie s , particularly following the S e cond World

War.

In the ye ars 1 989-995, ind ustrialization in Lond on gre w about an

e qual am ount.

Ind ustrie s in Lond on com pris e both sm all scale as we ll as large

scale ind ustry

The m anufacturing ind ustry is the large st ind ustrial se ctor in the

cap ital of E ngland .

1 6% of the total workforce is e ngage d in th is ind ustry.

• S om e of the le ad ing ind ustrie s in Lond on are :

• C he m ical

• E le ctronics

• Aircraft

• S h ipbu ild ing

• Autom ob ile

• Food Proce ss ing

• C able Manufacturing

Historically, slums have grown in Bombay as a response to a growth of population far beyond the capacity of existing housing.

 Migrants are normally drawn to the city by the huge disparity between urban and rural income levels. Usually the residents of these densely populated enclaves live close to their place of work. 

Today slum dwellers make up 60% of Mumbai's population, that is approximately 7 million people.

Slums in London were known as ‘Rookery’ and were usually over-crowded areas of poor quality housing with little or no running water and sanitation

Slum areas were a matter of concern to many in the mid- to late-Victorian period.

The worst slum of all Victorian east London was the Old Nichol. This small patch was the final rung on the ladder down for some 6,000 people. The slums were cleared in the 1890s.

• Mumbai experiences similar urbanization challenges as other fast growing cities in developing countries: wide disparities in housing between the affluent, middle-income and low-income segments of the population.

• Despite the ongoing economic boom there is still poverty, unemployment and poor housing conditions for a section of the population.

A large number of people in Mumbai live in informal housing or slums. They cover only 6-8% of the city's land even though 42% of the population lives in them.

Slum growth rate in Mumbai is greater than the general urban growth rate.

Most of the remaining live in Chawls and footpaths. Chawls are quintessentially Mumbai phenomenon of multi-storied tenements typically a bit higher quality than slums

 However, London's continuous urban area extends beyond the borders of Greater London and was home to 8,278,251 people in 2001

There were an estimated 7,556,900 official residents in Greater London as of mid-2007.

Comparing the number of rooms with the number of occupants gives a picture of overcrowded households in London

 London has by far the highest proportion of overcrowded households in England at 17 per cent.