citigroup mortgage loan trust 1-2-13
DESCRIPTION
credit ratings cmo rmbsTRANSCRIPT
Presale:
Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust2013-J1
Primary Credit Analyst:
Jack E Kahan, New York (1) 212-438-8012; [email protected]
Secondary Contact:
Nick Gurevich, CFA, New York (1) 212-438-2357; [email protected]
Surveillance Credit Analyst:
Michael J Graffeo, New York (1) 212-438-2680; [email protected]
U.S. RMBS New Issuance:
Sharif Mahdavian, Lead Analytical Manager, New York (1) 212-438-2412;
Table Of Contents
$206.593 Million Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2013-J1
Rationale
Collateral Summary
Strengths And Weaknesses
Structural Features
Geographic Concentration
Large Loans And Tail Risk Considerations
Mortgage Aggregator Review
Mortgage Originator Review
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Table Of Contents (cont.)
Third-Party Due-Diligence Review
Representations And Warranties
Cash Flow And Scenario Analysis
Standard & Poor's 17g-7 Disclosure Report
Related Criteria And Research
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Presale:
Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust 2013-J1
$206.593 Million Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates Series 2013-J1
This presale report is based on information as of Nov. 1, 2013. The ratings shown are preliminary. This report does not constitute a
recommendation to buy, hold, or sell securities. Subsequent information may result in the assignment of final ratings that differ from the
preliminary ratings.
Preliminary Ratings As Of Nov. 1, 2013
Class Preliminary rating(i) Preliminary amount (mil. $) Interest rate (%)(ii) Class type
A-1 AAA (sf) 189.482 3.50 Super Senior
A-2 AAA (sf) 6.824 3.50 Senior Support
A-IO AAA (sf) Notional(iii) (iv) IO
B-1 AA (sf) 2.204 Net WAC Subordinate
B-2 A (sf) 2.100 Net WAC Subordinate
B-3 BBB (sf) 0.735 Net WAC Subordinate
B-4 BB (sf) 5.248 Net WAC Subordinate
B-5 NR 3.360 3.60 Subordinate
(i)The ratings are preliminary and subject to change at any time. (ii)The certificates are subject to a net WAC cap. (iii)The notional amount for
class A-IO will equal the aggregate class A-1 and A-2 outstanding balances. (iv)Equal to the excess, if any, of the net WAC that's higher than
3.50%. IO--Interest-only. NR--Not rated. WAC--Weighted average coupon.
Profile
Expected closing date Nov. 6, 2013.
Cut-off date Oct. 1, 2013.
First payment date Nov. 25, 2013.
Stated maturity date Oct. 25, 2043.
Expected certificate amount $209.953 million, in aggregate.
Collateral type First-lien, fixed-rate residential mortgage loans secured by one- to four-family residential properties,
condominiums, and planned unit developments.
Collateral Residential mortgage loans.
Credit enhancement For each class of rated certificates, subordination of the certificates that are lower in the payment priority.
Participants
Issuer Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust 2013-J1.
Sponsor Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp.
Seller Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp.
Trust administrator Deutsche Bank National Trust Co.
Servicers Nationstar Mortgage LLC (92.6%) and Fifth Third Mortgage Co. (7.4%).
Depositor Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust Inc.
Trustee Christiana Trust, a division of Wilmington Savings Fund Society FSB.
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Participants (cont.)
Custodian Deutsche Bank National Trust Co.
Originators Nationstar Mortgage LLC (43.7%), Stearns Lending Inc. (28.5%), Freedom Mortgage Corp. (12.3%), Fifth Third Mortgage
Co. (7.4%), Real Estate Mortgage Network (5.4%), and RMR Financing LLC (2.6%).
Originators
Originator % by balance % due diligence Originator ranking Servicer
Nationstar Mortgage LLC 43.7 100 N.A. Nationstar
Stearns Lending Inc. 28.5 100 N.A. Nationstar
Freedom Mortgage Corp. 12.3 100 N.A. Nationstar
Fifth Third Mortgage Co. 7.4 100 N.A. Fifth Third
Real Estate Mortgage Network 5.4 100 N.A. Nationstar
RMR Financing LLC 2.6 100 N.A. Nationstar
Top five originators 97.4
Top 10 originators 100
N.A.--Not available.
Servicers
Servicer
% by
balance
Standard & Poor's select
servicer Operation
Standard & Poor's Servicer
Ranking Originator
Nationstar Mortgage
LLC
92.6 Yes Primary servicer ABOVE AVERAGE All other loans
Fifth Third Mortgage
Co.
7.4 No Primary servicer Not Ranked Fifth Third Mortgage
Co.
Rationale
The preliminary ratings assigned to Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust 2013-J1's (CMLTI 2013-J1's) mortgage
pass-through certificates reflect our view of:
• The high-quality collateral included in the pool, as described in the Collateral Summary section;
• The pool's geographic diversity compared to similar transactions; and
• The credit enhancement provided, as well as the associated structural deal mechanics.
Collateral Summary
Compared to our archetypical prime pool, the borrowers in this pool have substantially higher credit scores, more
home equity, and lower debt-to-income ratios, with a resulting 4.17% raw 'AAA' loss coverage requirement (see table
1). The collateral characteristics are substantially similar to previous rated residential mortgage-backed securities
(RMBS) prime jumbo transactions, with high FICO scores and low loan-to-value (LTV) ratios.
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Table 1
Collateral Characteristics
CMLTI
2013-J1
CSMC
2013-7
CSMC
2013-IVR4
SEMT
2013-11
SEMT
2013-9
S&P's archetypical
prime pool(i)
Closing pool balance (mil. $) 210.0 399.8 407.1 346.3 463.6
Closing loan count 274 536 530 453 606
Avg. loan balance ($000s) 766.3 745.8 768.2 764.5 765.0
WA original LTV (%) 67.6 70.8 69.6 69.6 67.6 75.0
WA original CLTV (%) 67.6 71.4 70.1 70.1 68.3 75.0
WA current CLTV (%) 67.0 71.2 70.1 70.0 67.1 75.0
WA FICO 774 766 769 777 771 725
WA current rate (%) 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.0 3.9
WA seasoning (mos.) 0.2 1.8 2.6 0.2 0.2 0-6
WA debt-to-income (%) 28.0 31.6 30.9 31.8 30.8 36.0
Median months reserves 50 45 53 51 52
Owner occupied (%) 98.4 97.8 95.9 96.1 94.8 100.0
Single family (including planned
unit development) (%)
99.8 94.2 95.2 93.8 94.2 100.0
30-year amortization term (%) 93.2 100.0 100.0 99.8 100.0 100.0
Fixed rate (%) 100.0 99.7 96.7 100.0 100.0 100.0
Fixed-rate IO (%) 0.0 0.3 3.3 0.0 0.0
ARM (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
ARM IO (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Purchase loan (%) 29.9 38.5 38.5 55.5 45.5 100.0
Cash-out refinancing (%) 7.3 3.2 3.3 7.9 6.8
Full doc with IRS form 4506-T (%) 99.3 99.3 97.3 98.7 99.6 100.0
Full doc without IRS form 4506-T
(%)
0.0 0.4 2.0 1.3 0.0
Deposit money verification (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Current (%) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
30 days delinquent (%) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
'AAA' loss coverage (%) 4.25 6.00 5.50 5.00 4.50 7.5
'AAA' foreclosure frequency (%) 11.64 14.39 13.78 12.31 11.84 15.0
'AAA' loss severity (%) 36.51 41.69 39.91 40.62 37.99 50.0
'BBB' loss coverage (%) 1.20 1.2 1.10 1.00 0.90 1.5
'BBB' foreclosure frequency (%) 3.75 3.82 3.44 3.28 3.90 3.8
'BBB' loss severity (%) 31.99 31.42 31.99 30.50 23.07 40.0
Geo. concentration factor (x) 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.02 1.01 1.00
(i)As defined in the Sept. 10, 2009, criteria article. CMLTI--Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust. CSMC--CSMC Trust. WA--Weighted average.
LTV--Loan to value. CLTV--Combined loan to value. IO--Interest only. ARM--Adjustable-rate mortgage.
Strengths And Weaknesses
We believe the following collateral characteristics strengthen the series 2013-J1 transaction:
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• The mortgage pool contains borrowers with very high average FICO scores and a median multiple of liquid cash
reserves to current mortgage payments of 50x.
• This collateral pool has characteristics that are, from a credit perspective, substantially better than our archetypical
pool, as reflected in the above collateral summary.
• The third-party due diligence providers are on our list of reviewed providers. The reviews were performed on 100%
of the pool's loans and encompassed regulatory compliance, credit (underwriting) compliance, property valuations,
and pay history reviews. The results are consistent with high-quality underwriting.
We believe the following structural features strengthen the series 2013-J1 transaction:
• Although the transaction's structure is a shifting interest structure, the potential principal payment to the
subordinate classes does not result in the allocation of losses to any of the Standard & Poor's-rated 'AAA' tranches
under its cash flow stresses with at least 6.50% credit enhancement provided.
• The senior classes benefit from a credit support floor, whereby the principal allocation to the subordinate classes is
reduced to zero on any distribution date where the subordinate certificates' aggregate balance is less than 2.0% of
the original collateral balance.
• Almost all of the loans are serviced by Nationstar Mortgage LLC, a residential loan, master, and special servicer that
we rank as ABOVE AVERAGE in each capacity. Fifth Third Mortgage Co. has retained servicing on the loans it
originated and is not a ranked servicer by Standard & Poor's. Fifth Third Mortgage Co. is a subsidiary of Fifth Third
Bank, which Standard & Poor's rates 'BBB+'.
We believe the following factors weaken the series 2013-J1 transaction:
• Some of the originators providing representations and warranties (R&Ws) are unrated entities whose ability to
repurchase loans may be limited. However, for the non-investment-grade rated originators, Citigroup Global
Markets Realty Corp. (CGMRC), the seller, will be obligated to repurchase if those originators are unable (not
unwilling) to do so.
Structural Features
The transaction has a typical RMBS senior/subordinate shifting-interest structure, with a five-year lockout period.
Monthly distributions are made from the monthly available distribution amount. The available distribution amount
includes all funds the servicer collects from the borrowers (excluding servicing fees but including insurance and
liquidation proceeds, subsequent recoveries, and repurchase amounts) minus the servicer advance reimbursements
allowed under the pooling and servicing agreements and extraordinary expense payments, which are subject to a
$200,000 annual cap (see "Interest stresses" in the Cash Flow And Scenario Analysis section below for details on the
application of expenses and the effect on the net weighted average coupon [WAC]).
Realized losses are applied reverse sequentially until each class' principal balance has been reduced to zero, first to the
class B-5, then B-4, then B-3, then B-2, then B-1, then A-2, and then A-1 certificates.
Geographic Concentration
Approximately 50% of the assets are located in California, and Texas has the next-largest state concentration at 7.1%.
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This pool's geographic footprint is sufficiently diverse, largely owing to the individual originators' origination area. In
the more geographically concentrated transactions issued at the beginning of 2013, certain issuers had top-10
metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) accounting for nearly 70% of their pools while this transaction has approximately
63% in the top 10 MSAs (see table 2). We assess this risk as outlined in "Updated Criteria For Evaluating Geographic
Concentration In U.S. RMBS Mortgage Pools," published Nov. 16, 2012. Because of this concentration, we applied a
1.04x geographic Herfindahl factor, a measure of concentration based on the sum of the squared MSA concentrations
in relation to a benchmark concentration, to our base loss coverage estimate, compared to approximately 10%
increased loss expectation for more-concentrated earlier 2013 transactions.
Table 2
Geographic Concentration
MSA code(i) MSA name State % by balance
41940 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara California 12.7
41884 San Francisco-San Mateo-Redwood City California 9.2
36084 Oakland-Fremont-Hayward California 7.6
31084 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Glendale California 7.1
47894 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria Washington D.C./Virginia 6.2
42044 Santa Ana-Anaheim-Irvine California 5.9
41740 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos Illinois 4.9
19740 Denver-Aurora-Broomfield Massachusents 4.0
19124 Dallas-Plano-Irving California 3.2
16974 Chicago-Joliet-Naperville Massachusents 3.0
Top 10 63.7
(i)MSA refers to the MSA division, if available. MSA--Metropolitan statistical area.
Large Loans And Tail Risk Considerations
Since the middle of 2013, Standard & Poor's has observed moderately increased interest rates on residential mortgage
loans. The increases in interest rates has driven substantially lower origination volume--specifically at the expense of
refinance volume because rates have bounced off historic lows. Loans originated with these "higher" rates, including
some loans in this transaction, will naturally experience lower prepayment rates. When the number of loans in a
transaction decreases, the effect of a single loan's losses becomes greater. If prepayment rates then continue to slow
and collateral pool losses are not realized until later in a transaction's life (backloaded losses), pro rata pay
mechanisms can leave the senior certificates exposed to event risk later in the transaction's life (for more information
on "tail risk" in RMBS transactions, see "Older RMBS Transactions Face Increased Tail Risk As Their Pools Shrink,"
published Aug. 9, 2012). To account for this risk, the transaction documents specify that no principal payments will be
made to subordinate certificates if the credit support available to the senior certificates becomes 2.0% or less of the
original principal pool balance.
To gauge the appropriateness of this credit enhancement floor, we take an approach similar to the one outlined in
"Methodology And Assumptions: U.S. RMBS Surveillance Credit And Cash Flow Analysis For Pre-2009 Originations,"
published Aug. 9, 2012. Instead of focusing on the largest loans by balance at issuance, we risk weight the loans in the
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transaction by focusing on those loans with the largest expected loss exposure assuming default. Since the risk of
substantial hard credit support erosion to the senior certificates can take years given the lockout period, we estimate
the risk of these loans once the lockout has expired and the transaction begins paying all principal pro rata.
After considering loan amortization and various home price scenarios, we believe that a 2.0% credit support floor will
be sufficient to protect the senior notes from tail risk as the transaction seasons. This transaction's original loan count
is 274, lower than most recent vintage prime jumbo transactions that typically have approximately 400. We generally
expect that transactions with fewer loans at issuance, but with the same concentration of loan loss exposure, would
have greater credit enhancement floors, as a percentage of the original balance, than pools with higher loan counts.
Mortgage Aggregator Review
The following is a brief synopsis of a mortgage aggregator review (MAR) we conducted for CGMRC, the seller, in
accordance with "Mortgage Originator Review Criteria For U.S. RMBS," published April 17, 2013.
Our review of CGMRC's acquisition strategy consisted of reviewing materials provided to Standard & Poor's at an
onsite visit at their offices.
The MAR contained qualitative reviews under the following categories:
• Acquisition management
• Pre-purchase/acquisition data quality
• Post-purchase quality control (QC)
• Risk management
• Appraisal management
• Compliance
• Underwriting
• Quantitative review
CGMRC, the seller and sponsor for this transaction, is a loan aggregator/conduit that began purchasing loans in 2011.
The conduit purchases a majority of the loans on a flow basis from a list of approved sellers for either securitization or
whole-loan sale.
Acquisition management
CGMRC maintains an approved seller list that currently includes 14 mortgage loan originators. CGMRC's seller
guidelines require that each of the approved sellers maintains a net worth of at least $20 million. CGMRC's policies are
such that conduit loans must be sold servicing released; the loans are not serviced by Citimortgage, and instead
CGMRC sells the mortgage servicing rights (MSRs) to Nationstar Mortgage LLC, its servicing partner. Within a 90-day
period from the purchase date, the servicing rights are transferred to Nationstar Mortgage LLC, who acts as the
primary servicer. Standard & Poor's ranks Nationstar Mortgage LLC ABOVE AVERAGE as a residential loan servicer,
residential special servicer, and a residential master loan servicer (see "Servicer Evaluation: Nationstar Mortgage LLC,"
published Oct. 7, 2013). All loans purchased by the conduit are processed through a proprietary online workflow tool
used by its sellers and created by LenderLive Network Inc. (LenderLive). The workflow tool ensures each loan's
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compliance with CGMRC's seller guide. In 2013, conduit volume from Nationstar Mortgage LLC, Stearns Lending Inc.,
and Freedom Mortgage Corp. represented the majority of loans purchased. The conduit uses a seller questionnaire and
performs onsite reviews of each of its seller as a condition for inclusion on the seller list.
Pre-purchase/acquisition data quality
Beginning in 2011, as discussed above, CGMRC has engaged the third-party review firm, LenderLive, to review loans
CGMRC expects to purchase on a flow acquisition basis. LenderLive stores the loan data from the sellers and provides
for the conduit's sellers published rates/pricing, which are set daily by the trading desk. Using LenderLive allows the
sellers to post loan documents and also conduct due diligence reviews on a loan-by-loan basis. CGMRC has also
engaged other third-party diligence firms for mini-bulk purchases. All loans are put into LenderLive's loan lock system
to perform QC checks before CGMRC's purchase.
Once the originator agrees to the pricing with CGMRC and which warehouse line the originator will use, the originator
provides CGMRC the mortgage loan schedule (MLS) electronically (there is an electronic sign off process that will
happen to release the loan's information and rights). Afterwards, LenderLive then has three days to review the loan
and 24 hours to clear any exceptions that arise from the QC review. Generally, loans can be closed and funded within
a week.
Post-purchase QC
CGMRC's focus is on purchases through its flow lending program, but it will occasionally complete a handful of "mini"
bulk purchases. Diligence for bulk trades is typically engaged through JCIII & Associates Inc. or Opus CMC.
Post-purchase, all loans are re-underwritten to ensure compliance with CGMRC's seller guidelines and any
discrepancies or exceptions are noted.
The third-party diligence firm will perform its post-purchase QC checks on the loans using rating agency criteria, and
assign grades based on the results. All reviewers receive one day of corporate training and two days of document
review training, as well as ongoing training. In addition, all analysts are full time. Initially, 100% of an analyst's
reviewed loans are re-reviewed to preserve the quality and process.
CGMRC also utilizes a loan management system to track inventory and PRISM, a proprietary system to manage
transactions.
Risk management/acquisition management
CGMRC's main risk management focus, as a conduit, is to ensure a proper acquisition management process. For most
sellers, CGMRC's risk management group does an onsite review prior to approval. The team also conducts annual
renewal reviews of each seller in the conduit. There are limited exceptions to this; for example, if a seller has a
warehouse line with Citigroup, the review was performed and maintained in order for the entity to have the open
warehouse line of business with Citi, so that information is passed through to the conduit group. The reviews are
intended for the risk management group to build a relationship with its sellers. The potential seller fills out a
questionnaire that covers most of the same areas as Standard & Poor's mortgage originator review (MOR)
questionnaire. CGMRC also reviews the seller's audited financials, underwriting guidelines, policies, and tenure and
background of management. Mortgage loan purchase agreements (MLPAs) require a monthly compliance certificate.
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At the time of our review, CGMRC was in the process of developing a seller scorecard through LenderLive to monitor
the performance of each seller. The scorecard includes such things as the number of exceptions and conditions that
arise and the time it takes to fund the seller's loans.
CGMRC's risk management team also reviews each of the seller's guidelines and has veto power over their guidelines
and products used. Over the course of the conduits operation, one seller has been vetoed by risk management and has
been removed from the list of approved sellers.
CGMRC maintains a seller's guide containing all of the conduit guidelines, and any changes to the guide must be
approved by risk management.
Overall, CGMRC relies on a combination of re-underwriting each loan and the parent company's other relationships
with the sellers to manage risk. As volume grows, CGMRC expects that there will be more reliance on risk
management reviews. CGMRC continues to formalize its risk management and seller approval process.
CGMRC also uses an internal audit group, which uses the conduits risk management guidelines to perform reviews of
whether the conduit is operating within its pre-approved parameters and processes. For example, the audit checks
whether proper approvals were obtained prior to any changed to the seller guidelines.
Appraisals
According to CGMRC's guidelines, loan balances up to one million will require one full appraisal as well as an
"enhanced" desk review that must fall within 10% of the full appraisal in order to be supported. For loan balances
greater than one million, two full appraisals are required (including form 1004MC—"Market Conditions Addendum to
the Appraisal Report") that must fall within 8% of each other for the valuation to be supported. Appraisals must occur
within 90 days of closing, and the lower value of two appraisals is used. In every case, all full appraisals are subject to
desk reviews.
CGMRC does not require sellers to use any specific appraiser-selection process, but sellers must employ an objective
selection process.
Compliance
Each seller is required by CGMRC's seller guide to run a fraud detection tool such as FraudGuard. LenderLive does not
re-run a fraud check but does check for documentation of the fraud check performed by the seller. If no fraud detection
tool was used, it will be noted as an exception and LenderLive will request the seller to order one.
CGMRC does not allow hard prepay penalties but does allow soft prepay penalties where allowed in specific
jurisdictions. With respect to originations to foreign borrowers, CGMRC's guidelines require the borrower to have a
social security number, residence in the U.S. for at least two years, a U.S. asset base and employment, and at least
three active credit lines. Revocable trusts are allowed if borrower has the rights to execute legal documents.
Underwriting
Unlike many other conduits, CGMRC does not purchase loans that do meet its credit underwriting guidelines; CGMRC
does not use mitigating factors approve loans outside its credit guidelines. CGMRC has processes available for
approving loans outside of its credit underwriting guidelines, which includes approval by both CGMRC's trading team
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and risk management teams; however, no exceptions are currently being made.
CGMRC defines a fully documented loan as one with two years of tax returns and W-2s, two months of pay stubs, and
income verification using income tax transcripts. CGMRC uses standard FICO score selection (middle of three, lower
of two), but only considers the qualifying borrower's FICO. Non-borrower spouses are allowed, but in a
community-property state, spouses' debt must be considered and added into the debt-to-income calculation. No
non-occupant borrowers are allowed.
In qualifying a loan to LTV guidelines, CGMRC performs a "soft-market" adjustment. CGMRC designates certain zip
codes, in grades A through D, as soft markets where LTV guidelines are reduced to account for property appraisal
variations: (A) receives no adjustment; (B) may receive a 5% adjustment; (C) receives a 5% reduction; and (D) gets a
10% reduction. These grades are updated quarterly.
Quantitative review
The CGMRC conduit historical performance under the current seller guide is extremely limited, and very little
quantitative information was available. During 2012 and 2013 when the conduit had purchases approximately 780
loans, CGMRC indicated that there were very limited delinquencies. Of those purchased loans, eight were identified as
having early payment defaults (EPDs); however, each were due to interim servicing transfer issues.
Mortgage Originator Review
Nationstar Mortgage LLC has originated more than 43% of the loans in this transaction. Nationstar is a national
mortgage lender headquartered in Lewisville, Texas, and was originally founded in 1997 as Centex Home Equity. In
2007, Nationstar, previously a lender to borrowers with subprime credit history, halted subprime mortgage lending
completely. In 2009, it began originating prime loans through multiple channels, becoming the 18th largest mortgage
originator in early 2013, according to Inside Mortgage Finance.
A majority of Nationstar's originations are agency-conforming prime mortgages, similar to many mortgage loan
originators'. Prime jumbo loan origination accounts for approximately 2% of its production volume. During an onsite
review of Nationstar, Standard & Poor's found the company's senior management, quality assurance, and quality
control and compliance teams to be knowledgeable and highly experienced. The underwriting process for jumbo was
thorough and exhibited strong collateral characteristics. These strengths have led to low delinquency experience, both
in Nationstar's prime jumbo and conforming portfolios, with jumbo performance consistent with peers'. We contrast
these strengths with, what in our view is, a potentially aggressive growth strategy mainly comprising third-party
originations. We noted that its retail channel and correspondent channel use separate loan origination systems, which
may create divergent performance in future originations.
In addition to any reviews performed on originators, we take into account results from our review of the conduit as
well as the level of third-party due diligence performed. In reviewing these items together, we did not adjust our
expected losses.
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Third-Party Due-Diligence Review
Third-party due diligence firms reviewed 100% of the loans in the transaction, including regulatory compliance, credit
compliance, and valuation reviews. According to our published third-party due-diligence criteria, we may adjust our
loss expectations based on our judgment of the various firms' findings (see "Incorporating Third-Party Due Diligence
Results Into The U.S. RMBS Rating Process," published March 14, 2012). After reviewing the third-party due-diligence
results, we believe a 1.0x adjustment to the loss coverage is appropriate after finding no material exceptions.
Representations And Warranties
The loans in the pool have been originated by six different originators, each of whom makes R&Ws with respect to the
loans they originated. The originators make R&Ws to CGMRC as of the date CGMRC purchases the loans from the
originator; however, CGMRC assigns those R&Ws for the benefit of the trust. Each originator, with respect to the loans
it originates, brings forward the R&Ws as of the expected closing date of this transaction. In our opinion, the
representations are consistent with Standard & Poor's R&W criteria. We believe that the additional features of the
R&Ws framework--including the ratings of some providers, the financial backstop of the seller, the seller's
securitization history, and the review features--will not have a material positive or negative impact on the loss
expectations (see table 3).
Table 3
R&W Framework Features Considered In Assessing The Neutral Credit Impact To CMLTI 2013-1
Negative credit
impact Neutral credit impact Positive credit impact
The R&Ws are subject to a traditional material and adverse
standard.
Automatic review for loans with 120 day DQ or
liquidation at a loss.
Most of the representing parties have agreed to binding arbitration. 50% of the loans in the pool are made by rated
providers (7% of the loans are from an
investment grade provider).
The seller, CGMRC, provides a backstop for inability to repurchase
on behalf of the conduit originators. CGMRC is unrated, but CMLTI
has a history in securitization.
The seller's financial backstop is sunset for fraud and underwriting
R&Ws.
R&Ws--Representations and warranties. CGMRC--Citigroup Global Markets Realty Corp. CMLTI--Citigroup Mortgage Loan Trust.
DQ--Delinquency.
We believe that no additional loss expectation is necessary after not only by weighing the various R&W features but
also by considering the level and results of the due-diligence reviews, the collateral's overall credit quality, and the
aggregator and originators' underwriting standards, as described in "How Standard & Poor's Evaluates Representation
And Warranty Variations In U.S. RMBS Transactions," published May 15, 2013.
In addition to the R&Ws provided by the mortgage originators, CGMRC has agreed to remedy provisions on behalf of
all originators except for Fifth Third Mortgage Co. (the parent of which, Fifth Third Bank, is rated 'BBB+') in the event
that any of the originators are financially unable to remedy a R&W breach.
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For any loan that becomes 120 or more days delinquent, or is liquidated at a loss, or for which the trust administrator
has been provided notice of a breach with specific allegations, a review of the loan may be triggered. Prior to the
undertaking of any review, automatically, the originator of the loan has the opportunity to remedy the breach during
an initial remedy period.
If the initial period lapses without remedy by the originator, the trust administrator will engage a reviewer to undertake
a review of the loans for a breach of any representation and warranty. The reviewer must not be an affiliate of the trust
administrator, trustee, servicer, originator, or controlling holder and must not have been the pre-offering diligence
provider. The reviewer must be in the business of performing post-close reviews or arbitration of R&Ws.
Once a reviewer is determined, they will make a determination of whether a breach has occurred by reviewing each of
the related originator's R&Ws for a particular loan. No information or evidence created after the expected closing date
of the transaction is permissible in the process of determining a breach. After a loan has been reviewed and a breach
determination has been rendered by a reviewer, it cannot be reviewed a second time. A breach determination is made
by the reviewer using a material and adverse standard with respect to the value of the loan. After the determination is
made, the responsible parties have the option to arbitrate the reviewer's decision.
If the final breach determination is that the originator must provide a remedy for a loan, but the originator is financially
unable to do so, CGMRC is responsible for the remedy. CGMRC is only responsible for this remedy for loan originated
by any originator except Fifth Third. CGMRC's obligation to remedy will "sunset", or lapse, for the fraud and
underwriting R&Ws at any time when the borrower's prior 36 monthly payments have been made on time.
Cash Flow And Scenario Analysis
In determining the preliminary ratings' stability, we analyzed a variety of scenarios, including combinations of:
• Timing curves simulating fast and slow prepayment assumptions, as well as frontloaded and backloaded default
scenarios with varying recovery assumptions;
• Weighted-average coupon deterioration;
• Extraordinary trust expense, which assumes an annual expense is incurred for the length of the default curve; and
• Servicer stop advance stresses, which assume that a percentage of loans become delinquent and the servicer stops
advancing on a portion of those loans.
Interest stresses
In cases where fees, expenses, or indemnifications are senior in a transaction's payment priority and capped, which is
the case for extraordinary expenses in this transaction, we analyze scenarios where the available distribution amount
decreases by assuming that the full annual extraordinary trust expenses were realized for the entirety of our default
curve. Standard & Poor's outlines its approach to such scenarios in "Criteria Methodology Applied To Fees, Expenses,
And Indemnifications," published July 12, 2012. All post-2009 transactions that we have rated have available
distribution amount definitions similar to the one in this transaction, and as such we similarly have applied such
scenarios in our reviews of those transactions.
All of the certificates in this transaction have coupons subject to the net WAC rate, as is the case in the majority of
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post-2009 transactions that we have rated. If the net WAC decreases, the interest due to the certificates will decrease
by a like amount. We have generally seen two forms of net WAC rate definitions in transactions that we have rated
since 2009. In the majority of recent transactions, extraordinary expense payments reduce the net WAC rate, which
effectively allocates the extraordinary expenses pro rata across all certificateholders (i.e., senior and subordinate
certificateholders) by reducing their interest payments by the amount of the extraordinary expenses paid (subject to
the annual cap). However, as is the case in this transaction, the net WAC rate is defined simply as the current net
mortgage rate of the outstanding loans in the previous period (less servicing fees, trustee fees, etc.) after taking into
account any servicing modifications. In these cases, extraordinary expense payments will reduce the available
distribution amount and cash flow to the certificateholders, thereby potentially limiting the cash available to pay
interest or principal to the subordinate tranches. To account for this, we ran scenarios for this transaction that reduce
the available distribution amount for extraordinary expenses to the capped annual amount of $200,000 without
reducing the amount of interest due to the certificateholders, thereby increasing the credit enhancement required at
each rating category.
Historically, we have observed that extraordinary expenses have been minimal when they occur and have had
extremely limited occurrence in pre-2009 RMBS transactions. While we run scenario analyses to test rating sensitivity
to these expenses as part of our criteria, we continue to expect their actual occurrence in post-2009 transactions to be
rare and have a minimal effect.
When extraordinary expenses for a transaction are zero, trust losses with a definition of net WAC rate including
extraordinary expenses compared with another transaction where the definition excludes extraordinary expenses will
be identical.
In all cases, we test transaction cash flows to ensure that the credit enhancement is sufficient at all rating levels to
maintain credit stability, as discussed in "Methodology: Credit Stability Criteria," published May 3, 2010. Our ongoing
surveillance of existing RMBS transactions has shown that potential variability in terms of credit stability is more
evident for thin subordinate tranches compared to more senior classes; that is, groups of subordinate classes that have
relatively small original principal balances with lower rated credit support that can be quickly eroded. Scenario
analysis for extraordinary expenses in the case where the net WAC rate is not reduced by extraordinary expenses
indicates that additional credit enhancement is needed to support the subordinate tranches. The higher credit support
needed to absorb the extraordinary expense risk results in higher credit stability for the subordinate tranches.
Standard & Poor's 17g-7 Disclosure Report
SEC Rule 17g-7 requires an NRSRO, for any report accompanying a credit rating relating to an asset-backed security
as defined in the Rule, to include a description of the representations, warranties and enforcement mechanisms
available to investors and a description of how they differ from the representations, warranties and enforcement
mechanisms in issuances of similar securities.
The Standard & Poor's 17g-7 Disclosure Report included in this credit rating report is available at
http://standardandpoorsdisclosure-17g7.com/1944.pdf.
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Related Criteria And Research
Related Criteria
• Counterparty Risk Framework Methodology And Assumptions, June 25, 2013
• Updated Criteria For Evaluating Geographic Concentration In U.S. RMBS Mortgage Pools, Nov. 16, 2012
• Methodology And Assumptions: U.S. RMBS Surveillance Credit and Cash Flow Analysis For Pre-2009 Originations,
Aug. 9, 2012
• Criteria Methodology Applied To Fees, Expenses, And Indemnifications, July 12, 2012
• Revised U.S. Residential Mortgage Input File Format, Glossary, And Appendices To The Glossary For LEVELS
Version 7.4, July 6, 2012
• Revised Assumptions For Rating U.S. RMBS Prime, Alternative-A, And Subprime Loans Incorporated Into LEVELS
Version 7.4, July 6, 2012
• Mortgage Originator Review Criteria For U.S. RMBS, April 17, 2012
• Standard & Poor’s Revised Representations And Warranties Criteria For U.S. RMBS Transactions, March 14, 2012
• Incorporating Third-Party Due Diligence Results Into The U.S. RMBS Rating Process, March 14, 2012
• Standard & Poor's Criteria For Analyzing Loans Governed By Anti-Predatory Lending Laws, July 22, 2011
• Methodology: Credit Stability Criteria, May 3, 2010
• Anti-Predatory Lending Law Criteria For Rating U.S. RMBS That Include Higher-Priced Mortgage Loans, Oct. 21,
2009
• Methodology And Assumptions For Rating U.S. RMBS Prime, Alternative-A, And Subprime Loans, Sept. 10, 2009
• Methodology For Loan Modifications That Include Forbearance Plans For U.S. RMBS, July 23, 2009
• Standard & Poor's Revises Criteria Methodology For Servicer Risk Assessment, May 28, 2009
• Revised Criteria For Including RMBS, CMBS, And ABS Servicers On Standard & Poor's Select Servicer List, April
16, 2009
• Standard & Poor's Revises Methodology And Assumptions For Automated Valuation Models In U.S. RMBS, Feb. 6,
2009
• Application Of Revised Cash Flow Assumptions For U.S. Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities, April 30, 2008
• Revised Guidelines For U.S. RMBS Loan Modification And Capitalization Reimbursement Amounts, Oct. 11, 2007
• Legal Criteria For U.S. Structured Finance Transactions: Special-Purpose Entities, Oct. 1, 2006
Related Research
• Servicer Evaluation: Nationstar Mortgage LLC, Oct. 7,2013
• Credit FAQ: How Standard & Poor’s Reviews Extraordinary Expenses In Post-2009 RMBS Transactions, July 15,
2013
• Global Structured Finance Scenario And Sensitivity Analysis: The Effects Of The Top Five Macroeconomic Factors,
Nov. 4, 2011
• Standard & Poor’s Requests Access To U.S. Loan-Level Performance Data For Surveillance; Issuers To Confirm
Data Accuracy, Sept. 28, 2009
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