1

Citizen’s Survey « Living with a Very High Voltage Power Line ? »

Centre de Recherche et d’Information Indépendantes

sur les Rayonnements Electromagnétiques.

Synthèse des résultats

Catherine Gouhier et Pierre Le Ruz

Jean-Charles HerriauCoordination interrégionale Stop-THT.

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We thank very warmly all those who have contributed to the success of this

survey:

• Thepeoplewhoagreedtorespondtothesurvey,theco-ordinatorsandthesurveyteam;

• TheCentreforAppliedMathematicsoftheFacultédesSciencesetTechniquesattheUniversityduMainefortheirwork;

• Thecommunesthatmademeetingroomsavailable;

• Themembersofthesteeringcommittee.

We thank all the partners who put trust in us and supported the project

financially:

• TheRegionalCouncilsofBretagne,BasseNormandieandPaysdelaLoire;

• TheGeneralCouncilsofIlleetVilaineandManche;

• TheCommunitiesoftheCommunesofHautBocageandPaysdeLoiron;

• ThecommunesofAndouillé,Bion,Boisyvon,Buais,Chérencé-le-Roussel,Erbrée,Ernée,Heussé,LeMesnil-Gilbert,LaBaconnière,LaBazoge,LaChapelleErbrée,Larchamp,LeGenest-Saint-Isle,LesLogesMarchis,Margueray,Martigny, LeMesnil-Adelé,Mondevert,Montabot,Montaudin,Montbray, Parigny,Percy,Saint-Barthélémy,Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine,Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves,Saint-Martin-d’Aubigny,Saint-Pierre-des-Landes,Saint-Pois,Saint–Symphorien-des-Monts,Reffuveille;

• Theassociations:Greenpeace,IlleetVilainesoustension,VilaineTension,ManchesousTension,Mayennesurvoltée,RéseauSortirduNucléaire.

Andfinally aparticularmention for Jean-PaulHelbert, Boris Leroy,Roland LévèqueandCyrilSurbledfortheirsignificantinvestmentoftimeandthequalityoftheirwork.

Acknowledgements:

Conception graphique : Ivanne Milleville

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France has around 13,000 km of corridors for very high voltage power lines,

through which run some 21,000 km of lines.

There are plenty of questions about effect of these lines on the living conditions for

people close by, or in some cases directly underneath.

Independent experts regularly raise concerns about the health effects of prolonged

exposure. Studies undertaken in other countries show that these lines have not been

proved harmless – G. Draper 2005, Bio Initiative Report 2007, Anke Huss 2008.

Until now the industry, lead by RTE and the public authorities have asserted that all

is fine, there’s no reason to be afraid and there are no effects on farms…

Following the “Public Debate” into the project to install the “THT Cotentin-Maine”,

necessary due to the construction of an EPR (3rd generation nuclear power station) at

Flamanville in Normandy, the “Co-ordination Interregionale STOP THT” (STOP-THT), which

represents the group of associations in the three departments concerned, decided to

conduct its own survey along existing very high voltage power lines.

In order to ensure that the work was done with proper scientific rigour CRIIREM

(Independent Centre for Research and Information on Electromagnetic Radiation) was

engaged as scientific adviser.

This popular initiative is a first in France for this subject on the number of households

surveyed.

Thanks to the support of our many partners we now have information detailing the

impact of very high voltage power lines on the conditions for people living and working

nearby.

This summary is made available so that all people of influence might make informed

decisions.

Note : RTE is the company responsible for the HV power transmission network in France. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of EDF which in turn has the French state as majority shareholder. RTE has the sole contract for network development.

Animateur comité de pilotageCoordination Int Stop-THT

Pierre Le Ruz

Président du CRIIREM

Catherine GouhierResponsable laboratoire mesure

du Criirem

Jean-Charles Herriau

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5CRIIREMStop-THT

Objectives of the Survey:

Theobjectiveistoconfirmifthelivingandworkingconditionsforpeoplealongsideveryhighvoltagepowerlinesarethesameas,ordifferentto,thoseforpeopleelsewhere. Thesurveyteamhasgatheredthetestimonyofpeoplelivingalongsideexistingveryhighvoltagepowerlinesaswellasfromareferencepopulation.

The Scope of the Survey:

Thesurveyrelatestopeoplelivingorworkinginthethreefollowingzones:

• Azoneofhighexposure300mtrseithersideoftheveryhighvoltagelinefromFlamanvilletoDomloup(2x400,000volts).Called“THTFD”,thislinefunctionsonaverageat75%capacity;

• Azoneofmediumexposure300mtrseithersideoftheveryhighvoltagelinebetweenDomloupandLesQuintes(2X400,000volts).Called“THTDLQ”,thislinefunctionsonaverageat40%capacity;

• A reference zone not exposed to very highvoltages. This is the corridor reservedbyRTE for thefutureprojectTHTCotentin–Main.Thiszoneiscalled“SansTHT”.

ThesitestobesurveyedwerespecifiedfromIGNmapsand confirmedby telephonedirectories. Theexposedsitesarealongsome250kmofexistinglines.

Preparation of the Survey:

The design of the questionnaires and the processing of the datawere overseen by a steering committee fromSTOP-THTandCRIIREM.

Theanonymoussurveyreportson:

• Malfunctionofelectrical,electronicandmedicalsupportequipment;

• Pathologiesandabnormalbehavioursofanimalsonfarms;

• Thetestimonyofpeopleconcerningtheirhealthandtheirlivingconditions.

BetweenJanuaryandMarch2008asurveyteamof300people,organisedbyco-ordinatorstrainedbyCRIIREMintheskillsofobjectivesurveyworkinterviewedmorethan2000householdsacross160communes.TheinformationwasenteredontothequestionnaireswhichweresentdirecttoCRIIREM.

Note:IGNisthenationalcartographicserviceofFrance.

6 CRIIREM

Methods of Analysis:

Thequestionnaires,sortedandclassifiedbyCRIIREM,wereanalysedbytheCentreforAppliedMathematicsoftheFacultédesSciencesetTechniquesattheUniversityduMaine.

Thetwomethodsusedwere:

• MultipleCorrespondenceAnalysiswhichgivesageometric representationof thesignificant relationshipsbetweendatagroups;

• HierarchicalAscendingClassificationwhichallowsidentificationofsignificantsimilaritiesamongthevariablesreportedbypeopleintheformofhistogramsofcausalrelationships.

ThedossierswerereturnedtoCRIIREMandSTOPTHTtocompletetheworkwithsomedetailedstatisticalanalysisontheinfluenceoftheeffectsoftheTHTlinesonthepopulationsexposed,comparedtothosenotexposed.

The principal tests used were the chi squared test of independence and Fisher’s exact test. These tests werecompletedbytheanalysisofstandardisedPearsonresiduals.

Thehiddenvariables,suchasalcoholandtobaccousethatmightaffectresultsonhealth,weretestedtoconfirmtheeffectsofthelinesindependentofthesevariables.Alltheresultspresentedinthisreportarestatisticallysignificantatthe95%level.

Surveys Received:

All the results presented in this report are significant.

Insignificant results are detailed in the commentary to each section.

Remember:The results in the text compare the unexposed reference population “Sans THT” with whole of the exposed population “THT FD plus THT DLQ”.

In the graphics we give the results for each population, unexposed, medium exposure and high exposure.

Foreachplacesurveyeda”dossier”wasreturnedtoCRIIREM.Eachdossiercompriseda“Home”questionnaire,a“Workplace”questionnairean“AgriculturalActivity”questionnaireandoneormore“Individual”questionnaires.

CRIIREMreceived1921dossierscomprising6220usablequestionnaires:

• 1555«Home»questionnaires;• 441«Workplace»questionnaires;• 380«AgriculturalActivity»questionnaires;• 3844«Individual»questionnaires.

Questionnairesexcluded:

• 431questionnairesfromsitesoutsidethezoneofthesurvey–300mtrseithersideofthelines;• 113dossiersunusablebecauseofincompleteinformation.

Finally 82 dossiers and the associated “individual” questionnaires used by CRIIREM for the pre-reportpublished3March2008werenotre-introducedtothisanalysis.

Attention:

1

1 -The probabilities indicated in this report correspond to the probabilities derived from these tests

7Stop-THT

Measurement of Induced Magnetic Fields – 50HZ:

Somemeasurementsofelectro-magneticfieldstargetedat50Hz–ELF–wereundertakenathouseholdsandsurroundingareaswithcalibratedELFelectro-magneticfieldmeters.

Theseobservationsenableddefinitionofzonesofexposuretoinducedmagneticfieldsof50HzmeasuredinµT(microteslas):

Value of magneticfield

Value of electricalfield

-Thereferencepopulation“SansTHT”arenotexposedtoveryhighvoltagelines,butareexposedtobackgroundlevelsofelectromagneticfieldsandthoseemittedbyelectricalappliancesandinstallations.Measurestakeninthecentreoflivingspacesgenerallygivevaluesbetween0.05µTand0.1µT.

-Forthepopulation“THTDLQ”withmediumexposurealongsidethelineDomloup–LesQuintes,measurementstakeninthecentreoflivingspaces,followingthesameprotocolasfortheunexposedgroup,generallygavevaluesbetween0.03and1µTdependingondistancefromtheline.

-Fortheveryexposedpopulation“THTFD”alongsidethelineFlamanville–Domloup“,measurestakeninthecentreoflivingspaces,againfollowingthesameprotocolasabove,gavevaluesbetween0.03and11µTdependingondistance from the line.

ThesemeasurementsareconsistentwiththevaluesdeclaredbyEDFandRTEinvariouspublicationswhichshowthattheinducedmagneticfieldsmeasuredinµTvaryasafunctionofthedistancefromalineandthecurrentthat it carries.

2 - This is the frequency of the French electricity network.

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8 CRIIREM

Impacts on Farms

Sans THT

136 68 176

THTDLQ THTFD

Thefarmerswereaskedaboutthebehavioursoftheiranimalsandthepathologiesandproblemstheyexperienceontheirfarms.

Inthezonesofhigh(THTFD)andmedium(THTDLQ)exposurethepatternof thedistanceof the farms fromthe lineswasnotsignificantlydifferent. Allof the farmshavecows,71.8%producingmilkand59.4%producing meat.

Milk Production:

All Animals:

Thefrequencyofdeliveringmilkatquality“AA”is significantly higher in the unexposed zone(THTFD).

For milk cattle, according to farmers in thezonesexposedtoveryhighvoltagelines:

• 56%observenervousnesscomparedto14%intheunexposedzone; • 38%observehesitationtoenterthemilkingparlourorevidentwishtoescapetheparlourcomparedto10%intheunexposedzone;

• 36%haveinconsistentyieldsofmilkfromeachcowcomparedto15%intheunexposedzone.

Theincidenceofthesethreephenomenaincreaseswiththeproximityandthepoweroftheline.Resultsobtainedforthethreezonesofthesurveyondiarrhoea,mortalityandabortionarenotsignificant.

Forallanimals,amongfarmsintheexposedzones:

• 11%reportedreductionindrinkingcomparedto0.8%intheunexposedzone;

• 22%reportedlossofweightcomparedwith7.7%intheunexposedzone; • 28%reportedreducedrateofgrowthcomparedwith10.8%intheunexposedzone;

• 26%reportedaggressioncomparedwith8,5%intheunexposedzone.

Theincidenceofthe4pathologiesaboveincreasedwithproximitytoandthepowerofthelines.Resultsobtainedforcannibalism;diarrhoea,dysenteryandenteritis;andmortalitywerenotsignificant.

3 - Milk of quality “AA” is superior quality for human consumption.4 - This was calculated by the analysis of standard residuals.5 - This incidence is calculated on the high exposure (THT FD) and medium exposure (THT DLQ) zones.

5

4

3

Numberofquestionnairesevaluated

9Stop-THT

Commentary:

TheMultipleCorrespondenceAnalysisandtheHierarchicalAscendingClassificationrevealclearlysomeverysignificantfindingsinthefarmsexposedtoveryhighvoltagepowerlines,confirmedbythestatisticaltests(forallthepathologiespresentedhereP<0.01).

Formostfarmsinthehighandmediumexposurezones,afterexcludinganomalousdata,thefollowingabnormalbehavioursarereported:

• Aggressionandnervousness;

• Unrestinmilkingparloursandirregularityinmilkyields;

• Lossofweightandslowgrowth;

Theseproblemson farmsareconsistentwith thefindingsofa report for theMinisterofAgricultureandFisheries“Impactsonfarmsofelectromagneticfieldsinducedbyhighvoltageelectricitylines”byDominiqueBlatinetJean-JacquesBenetière,December1998.Theconclusionreads:

«High voltage lines can be the source of voltages andnuisanceparasitic currents in farmsby differentmeans;-Byinductioninconductiveobjectsandmaterialswithwhichtheanimalsareincontacttoagreaterorlesserdegree(indirecteffectsofelectromagneticfields);

-Bycurrentleakagecausedbyaccidentsorisolationswherethestandardearthingarrangementsdonotoperatenormally».

Also, regarding“Effectsofparasiticcurrentson thehealthandproductivityofanimals” thesamereportdeclares“thethresholdcurrentforareductioninproductionwouldbeoftheorderof4–6milliampères(mA)”.

Measurementsof inducedcurrent takenbyCRIIREMwithacurrentmeasurementclampon thecrushes,barriersandothertubularmetalworkonfarmsexposedtoveryhighvoltagelinesvarybetween10and800mA.Thisfindingconfirmstheriskofreducedproductionfromfarmsnearveryhighvoltagepowerlines.

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6 - Metal device used to limit the movement of cattle.

10 CRIIREM

Impacts on Living Conditions at Home

Sans THT

396 221 938

THTDLQ THTFD

Residentswereaskedaboutmalfunctionofelectricalandelectronicequipment in their homes.

• 98.7%ofhomesareindividualhouses.

• 54%ofresidentshavelivedinthehouseforatleast15years. • 47%ofhousesexposedexperienceelectricalinterferencecomparedto23.5%ofunexposedhouses.

• 25.6% of houses close to lines experience electricaldischargescomparedto14%ofunexposedhouses.

• Thesephenomenaexistupto200mtrs fromthe linesand are more frequent in the high exposure zone than themediumexposurezone.

• 74%ofhouseholdsconsiderthelineasavisualnuisance.

• 79%ofhouseholdsconsiderthenoiseofthelinetobeanuisance.39%ofhouseholdsconsiderthenoisetobe“disturbing”or“insupportable”.

Important Remarks:

• Wehaveidentified274peoplelivingin83housesbuiltafterinstallationofthelines.

• 87.3%ofrespondentsdeclaredtheyhadnoorinsufficientinformationregardingtheinstallationoflines.

Numberofquestionnairesevaluated

11Stop-THT

Commentary:

The statistical results are correlated by running a Multiple Correspondence Analysis and HierarchicalAscendingClassificationofthedata.Somesignificantthemesemerge.

Inthehomesofresidentsinthehighexposure(THTFD)andmediumexposurezonesphenomenawellknowninthefieldofElectromagneticCompatibilityhavebeenreported.

TheyoftenexperienceparasitesaffectingHIFI,televisionandwhitegoodsandfindthenoiseofthelineinsupportable(causedbythecoronaeffect).Theyregularlyfeelelectricalshocksontouchingmetalcomponents.

Inhouseholdsbetween200and300mtrsfromthelinesthesephenomenaaretwiceasfrequentasintheunexposedreference households.

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Impacts on WorkplacesSans THT

136 76 226

THTDLQ THTFD The representatives of theworkplaces replied to questions onelectricalorelectronicinterferenceintheirworkplace.

• 78%oftheworkplacesarefarms;

• 76.6%oftheworkplaceshavebeenrunningfor10yearsormore;

• At 55.6% of the worksites exposed to thevery high voltage lines, stray electrical currents areexperiencedinmetalstructures.Thiscomparesto8.9%of the unexposed worksites. 95%of sites report thesephenomenaasdisturbing;

• 31.7%ofexposedworksitesreportinterferencewith electronic equipment compared to 7.4% ofunexposedworksites;

• It is notable that the frequency of these twophenomenadecreasessignificantlythefurtherworksitesarefromthelines;

• 72.9%ofworkersaredisturbedbythepresenceofpylonsattheirworkplaceand67.4%aredisturbedbythepowercables.

Commentary:

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Thestatisticalresultsarecorrelatedbyrunningamultiplecorrespondenceanalysisofthedata,andhighlightdiverseproblems:electricaldischargesoncontactwithmetallicobjects,interferencewithelectricalandelectronicequipment,increasingasafunctionofproximitytoveryhighvoltagelines.

Similartendenciesarefoundinthechapter“ImpactsonLivingConditionsatHome”(Page10).

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Numberofquestionnairesevaluated

8 - The term « exposed » applies to the totality of the zone of medium exposure and the zone of high exposure. The individual values for each zone are given in the corresponding graphic.

7 - For all the interference presented here P<0.001.

9 - Probability of independence, P is systematically less than 0.001.

12 CRIIREM

Numberofquestionnairesevaluated

Sans THT

976 568 2300

THTDLQ THTFD The people questioned reported their experience of differentpathologies and symptoms.

Theproportionsofmentowomenareequivalentacrossthethreezonesofthesurvey.Theincidenceofsymptomsreportedisalwayshigherinthetotalityoftheexposedpopulations(THTFD&THTDLQ)thanintheunexposedpopulation(SansTHT).

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10 - P systematically less than 0.0001.

Impacts on Residents

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Somelevelsofincreasebetweentheexposedpopulationandtheunexposedpopulationare:

• 99%fordepression(15.8%against7.9%);

• 75%fordizziness(18.1%against10.3%);

• 74%forsickness(11.7%against6.7%);

• 61%forskinproblems(15.2%against9.4%);

• 55%forhearingdisturbance(22.6%against14.5%);

• 45%forirritability(50.6%against34.9%);

• 42%fordisturbedsleep(51.5%against36.2%);

• 41%forheadaches(43,9%against31.1%);

• 40%forlesdigestiveproblems(26%against18.5%);

• 38%fordifficultiesofconcentration(28.7%against20.8%);

• 21%forsightdisturbance(24.7%against20.4%);

Stop-THT

Formostofthesymptomswedonotobserveanyreductionofincidenceupto300mtrsfromtheline,thelimitofthissurvey,intheexposedpopulations.12

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12 - Evident after analysis of standard residuals.

11 - Calculated on the sum of the exposed populations.

Thestatisticalresultsarecorrelatedbyrunningamultiplecorrespondenceanalysisofthedata.

Thelinkbetweenthefrequencyofsymptomsandthefactoflivingnearaveryhighvoltagepowerlineisverysignificant.Upto300mtrsthefrequencyofsymptomsdoesnotseemtochangeasafunctionofdistancebetweenthe line and homes.

Theresultsshownherehavealsobeenverifiedinthepopulationwhoneithersmokenordrinkalcohol–theresultsarethesame(P<0.01)

Manyfactorsarestilltobestudied:effectsondifferentagegroups,differentlengthsoftimeresidingnearthelines,thelevelofexposuretoelectromagneticfields,symptomsreportedtodisappearawayfromhome,theinteractionofexternalfactorssuchasalcoholandtobaccouserelativetotheeffectsofthelines.

Toconfirmordiscountsuchinteractionsfurtheranalysesneedtobemadeparticularlycomparingthehealthdatabetweenthepopulationsdifferentlyexposed.Thiswillbethenextstageintheanalysisofthissurvey.

Commentary:

13

13 - This is a function of both distance from and power in the line.

14 CRIIREM

Conclusions

“Health is a state of complete well being – physical, mental and social – and is not simply an absence of

sickness or infirmity.” Definition - World Heath Organisation.

Thiscitizen’ssurveyhasbeenconductedundertheauthorityofindependentscientists.Theresultsgiveaconsistentmessage:Asignificantreductionoflivingandworkingconditionsisreportedbyresidentsandbusinessesexposedtoveryhighvoltagepowerlines.

Inproximitytothelinespeople’shealthproblemsareincreasedbyproportionsthatarebothvariableandsignificant.(Irritability,headache,disturbedsleep….).Onfarms,cowsintheexposedzoneshave4timesthenervousness,3timesthediscomfortinthemilkingparlourandtwiceasmuchyieldinconsistencythanintheunexposedreferencezone.

Thisevidenceconfirmsourfears:thepresenceofveryhighvoltagepowerlineseffectivelychangeslivingconditions.Itisnolongeracceptabletocontinuetodenytheimpactofveryhighvoltagepowerlinesonresidents.

Thesurveyanditsconclusionsaresufficientlyconvincing.Theyformareasonedwarningthatrequiresthecommissioningofcomplementarystudiesonexistinglines.It isnecessarybettertounderstandtheimpactsofveryhighvoltagepowerlinesontheliving,peopleandanimals,andonequipment.

Theseresultsshowthattheeffectsofthelinesareobservableuptothe300mtrlimitofoursurvey.Whathappensbeyondthatdistance?

TheresultsdictateanimmediatesuspensionofallTHTprojectsuntilalawisadoptedthatdefinesthestatusinlawofthecorridorsforsuchlines.Theadoptionofspecificregulationsisnecessarytoassuretheprotectionofhealthandpreservationoflivingconditions.

Similarlytheresultsdemandmeasuresbetakentoreducethenuisanceto,andprovidesupporttothosewhoalreadylivealongsideexistinglines.

15Stop-THT

c) The Resolutions of the European Parliament:

TheResolutionA3-0238/94anditsproposedlegislationsupportedbytheEuropeanParliamentontheproposalsoftheCommissionforlimitingpublicexposuretoelectromagneticfields.(0Hz–300Hz)(COM(98)0268-C4-0427/98-98/0166(CNS))of1998.TheyrefertotherapporteuroftheEuropeanParliament,GianniTAMINOwhorecommendedaveryseverelimitof0.25µThavingtakenaccountofthelongtermhealtheffectsofexposuretoelectromagneticfieldsof50Hz.

OnemustunderlinethatTheInternationalCancerResearchCentrehascategorisedelectromagneticfieldsof50Hzaspossiblycarcinogenicforpeople,correspondingtotheclassification2Bofcarcinogenicsubstances,followingtheexampleofleadandpetrol.

Also the International Cancer Research Centre (CIRC), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences(NIEHS),theWHOandcertainmembersoftheFrenchCommitteeSuperiorofPublicHealthconfirmtheassociationbetweeninfantileleukaemiaandannualexposuretoelectromagneticfieldsof50or60Hzandstrengthgreaterthan0.4µT.Alsoallsitesofactivitywithexposureabovethislevelarenotrecommended.

Reference Documents:

a) The recommendation of the Council of Europe 1999/519/CE of 12 July 1999:

b) Decree n° 2004-835 of 19 August 2004 relative to land likely to be useful to the State under ’article 12 a of the law of 15 June1906 on the distribution of energy:

Thisregulationreferstopublicexposuretoelectromagneticfieldsatextremelylowfrequenciesof50Hertz.Thisrecommendationispickedupinarticle12aofthe“arrêté”of17May2001specifyingthetechnicalconditionstobesatisfiedbydistributorsofelectricity.

Howeverthethresholdofmagneticfieldstrengthof100µTrecommendedisnotapplicableinthiscase.Ineffectitappliesonlytoacuteexposureofthebrainandisobsoletebecauseunderneathalineof2x400,000voltsthemaximumfieldstrength,accordingtoEDFandRTE,is30µT.

Thisregulationreferstocreationofcorridorsofservitudeforaerialelectricallinesofpowerratinggreaterthan130,000volts.Forveryhighvoltagelinesof2x400,000volts“anareaofexclusionof40metresmeasuredfromtheverticalincidenceofthesupportsoftheelectricallinesoradistanceequaltotheheightofthesesupportsifthisisgreater”isimposedaswellas15mtrbandseithersideofthefootprintofthecablesontheground.

The Prefects could apply this ministerial decree to establish protected corridors and thereby prohibitconstructionunderexistingveryhighvoltagepowerlinesandprohibittheconstructionofsuchlinesaboveexisting“domesticproperty,publicbuildings,juniorschools,colleges,highschools,healthfacilities,prisons,someopenairsitesandclassifiedinstallations.

16 CRIIREM Stop-THT

Bibliography:

• «Cesondesquituent,cesondesquisoignent»JeanPierreLentin(2001);

• «Pourquoietcommentmesurerleschamps50/60Hertz»PierreleRuz,JeanMarieDanze(1994);

• «L’HABITATSAIN?Risquesliésauxpollutionsélectriquesetmagnétiques...»JMDanze,PierreLeRuz,B Louppe,PierreBousquet(2004);

• «Notresantéfaceauxchampsélectromagnétiques»RogerSantini(1995);

• «ResidentialEMFexposureandchildhoodleukemia»DWatenberg(2001);

• «Cancerinfantileenlienavecladistanceauxligneshautestensionsdedistributiondel’électricitéen AngleterreetauPaysdeGalles»Universitéd’Oxford(2005),G.Draper,T.Vincent,M.EKroll,J.Swanson;

• «Bioinitiativereport»BioinitiativeWorkingGroup(2007),C.Blachman,M.Blank,M.Kundi,C.Sage, www.bioinitiative.org;

• ResidenceNearPowerLinesandMortalityFromNeurodegenerativeDiseases,(2008)A.Huss,A.Spoerri, M.Egger,M.Röösli.

e) The recommendation of The European Environment Agency:

TheEuropeanEnvironmentAgencyrecommendsapplicationofthePrincipleofPrecautionwhilewaitingforstandardsapplicabletopublicexposuretolowlevelelectromagneticfields.

f) Resolution of the European Parliament of 4 September 2008:

The Resolution of the European Parliament of 4 September 2008 (2007/2252 INI/ al. 21,22,23), whichintegratestheBio-InitiativeReportofAugust2007andtherecommendationsoftheEuropeanEnvironmentAgencyrequirestheCouncilofEuropetolowertheacceptablepublicexposurelevelsinlinewiththoserecommendations.

d) Regulations concerning risks of Electromagnetic Compatibility:

This regulation refers to thepossibilityofmal-functionofelectricalorelectronicequipmentoperating inelectromagneticfields,andincludesmedicalsupportequipmentsuchasheartstimulators,pacemakers,medicinepumps and implants.

Ineffect,inFrance,theEuropeanDirective2004/108/CE(decreen°2006-1278ofthe18October2006)andthestandardsNF-EN61000(editions2001-2002)setamaximumvalueof3,75µT(3ampèrespermetre)fortheExtremelyLowFrequencies(ELF).Thisvalueisnotoftenrespectedunderaerialpowerlinesof2x400,000Volts.

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Stop-THTCoordination interrégionale Stop-THTMairie,53380SaintHilaireduMaine

www.stop-tht.org

(riirem OuestCentre de recherches et d’informations

indépendantes sur les rayonnements électromagnétiques19-21rueThalèsdeMilet,72000LEMANS

Tél/Fax:02.43.21.18.69 contact@criirem.org www.criirem.org

18

With the participation of:

ConseilgénéraldelaManche.

Communes:Bion,Boisyvon,Buais,Chérencé-le-Roussel,Ferrières,Heussé, La Bazoge, Le Mesnil-Adelée, Le Mesnil-Gilbert, Margueray, Martigny, Montabot, Montbray,Parigny,Percy,Reffuveille,Saint-Barthélémy,Saint-Laurent-de-Cuves, Les Loges-Marchis, Saint-Martind’Aubigny, Saint-Pois, Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts,Saint-Martin-le-Bouillant,Tréauville.

Sortir dunucléaire

Réseau

Conseilgénéraldel’IlleetVilaine.

Communes:Erbrée, La Chapelle Erbrée, Livré-sur-Changeon,Mondevert.

Communautésdecommunes:LeHautBocage,LePaysdeLoiron.

Communes:Andouillé, Ernée, La Baconnière, Larchamp, LeGenest-Saint-Isles, Montaudin, Saint-Pierre-des-Landes,Saint-Hilaire-du-Maine.

Association:VilaineTension.