JUNE 1973

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Photognph E. Gefarfer,

NEVILLE TROPHY

THIS ANNUAL COMPETITION with the SpecialConstabulary Forces of Essex and Southend-on€eaJoint Constabulary,'K' Division Metropolitan, washeld at Chelmsford, Essex, on Sunday,3rd June,1973, when the lnspecting Officer was J.T. Manuel'Esq-, C,B.E., O.P.M., H.l\,4. lnspector of Constabulary'

It was a fine, sunny afternoon, ideal in every respectfor the staging of an outdoor competition, and the largenumber of people who turned up to support the teamswere able to sit back and watch in comparative ease andcomfort. No doubt the competitors appreciated the fineweather as well, but of course they could not sit backin ease or comfort because they were tied up with thefollowing tests on which the competition is based:-

Turn-out, Dri ll, Accident team test (practical), FirstAid (practical), Knowledge of Police duties (oral),and of the Highway Code (oral).

All three teams did well throughout, the standardgenerally was very high, and the final result was asfollows:- City of London - 154.3 marks; Essex andSouthend-on-Sea Joint Constabulary - 133.6 marks;"K" Division Metropolitan - 131.3 rnarks. This is thefourth year running that the City have won the Trophy,and the team are to be congratulated on a first classperformance, to win by such a large margin is no mean

feat,Our team was as follows:- Sgt. G. Warwick (Captain),

S,/Cs D,C.W. Harker, H, Pincott, M.H. Deacon, E.Robertson, and G.P. Hey (Reserve), Without detractingin any way from their performance in the other events,particular mention must be made regarding the highstandard which they set on the Parade Ground. Theylooked really smart, the Sergeant in charge was iirstrate, and the rest of the team responded admirably. Toliken them to the Army would perhaps be out of placebecause one must remember that the Navy was alsorepresented.

One aspect which should not be overlooked is thenumber of hours which the team spent in training forthis event. This was spread over many weeks and themembers themselves would be the first to pay tribute tothe high standard of instruction given by the Staff of thePolice Training Centre, They, too, gave up a great dealof their time, and by their patience, drive, forcefulcriticism, etc., welded the individuals into a team. Allin all a really good, co-operative effort by all concerned'

Mention must be made of the excellent arrangementswhich had been made for staging the Competition atChelmsford, and oJ the refreshments provided for thecompetitors and guests afterwards, A friendly atmosphere,good food, good weather and a keen competition were theingredients which made that Sunday afternoon atChelmsford in such pleasant surroundings a most enjoy-able one indeed.

J. Oakley,

FEDERATION NOTES

Annual Conference

THE ANNUAL CONFERENCE of the Police Federa-tion was held in Blackpool on 22nd to 24th May; tendelegates and eight observers attended from thisForce,

LONDON ALLOWANCE - Probably the most importantissde dealt with, was the proposal put f orward bythe Central Committee and agreed to by Conference,that a non-pensionable allowance should be sought for

the Federated Ranks of the Metropolitan Police. Thequestion of remuneration for the police in London haslong been a standing cause of, and at times. bitter dis-agreement in the Federation, which it is hoped has nowbeen resolved. The central argument put lorward by theCommittee was the wastage and recruiting problems inthe lvletropolitan Police which began to be serious in1971 . There is naturally some c'Jncern that this Forcewill be excluded from the terms of the negotiations tofollow at the Police Council. Your Board, however.has made representation in various quarters, pointingout that our own recruiting and wastage in the last fewmonths is showing signs of becoming comparable withthe position in the Metropolitan Police. We are hopefulof a satisfactory outcome.

SHIFT ANO RENT ALLOWANCE - The Board's pro-posal that rent allowance should automatically be paidat the maximum limit once a member has obtained per-mission to reside at premises (this would do away withthe need for D.V.A.'s), was defeated on the groundsthat the payment of compensatory grant on rent allow-ance might be affected. Various proposals on extracompensation for shift/weekend work were also defeatedThe subject of shift allowances crops up regularly atConferences but without success, for this reason thatthe payment of such an allowance must in turn producelower pay scales (which already reflect shift work) andconsequently result in lowering the basic pay elementon which pensions are calculated.(NOTE:- it is Staff Side policy that there should be acomplete review of the pay structure during 1973.)

COMPLAINTS AGAINST POLICE - The Horne Secretarywas informed that the Federation was completelyopposed to any 'Ombudsman' type ex post facto reviewof the procedure, However, the Federation was notagainst introducing an independent element into thewhole procedure, and accordingly was proposing acomprehensive new system with an independent elementat various stages, including the discipline hearing.The Home Secretary was also asked as a matter ofnatural justice, to approve as general policy, that theoriginal complaint should be made avai lable to membersso that legal action could be taken in cases which weremalicious and unfounded. lt was quite wrong that dis-honest complainants "should be shielded by authorityfrom the legal consequences to which anybody elsewould be exposed."

OUALIFICATION FOR PROMOTION - A proposal thatthe present qualification examinations for promotion bereplaced by one examination taken on completion ofprobation, was withdrawn on intervention by the Const-ables Branch Board. The proposal included thesuggestion that fai lure at the second attempt wouldmean tfrat the members services would be dispensedwith'

lan C. Morley.

MAUD

lT BECOMES AN accepted fact to write of the retire-ment of male members of the City Police, whetheruniform or civilian personnel, but it is not often thatone has the pleasure to offer a "write up" of one ofour lad ies.

I doubt if there are many members of the Force thatwould not instantly recognise the voice of Maud Hintonas one of our switchboard operators, yet there areperhaps a few who might not know her more personally.Maud's introduction to the City Police came during theWar Years, namely 1941 (to be more precise November14th, 1941), when. having been employed in a hosieryfirm at.l8 Wood Street, she decided to enlist as amember of the Women's Auxiliary Police Corps and tookduties at 26, Old Jewry. Thus began her long associ-ation with us, from the Telephone Room, as it wasmore widely known at Old Jewry, throuqh to the more

spacious comfort of the Wood Street Control Centre.During this time there must have been countless PoliceOfficers passing through the Force Communicationssystem, two readily coming to name. One was a P.C.Stapleton and the other a remarkably youthful and slimcadet with a thick mop of wavy brown hair, Mike Sims.She adds that times changel

Maud is not only readily known within the Force,but has also a very close and distinguished servicewith the Girls' Brigade, Hackney Division. in whichwe are reliably informed, she sti ll takes a very activepart.

Monday,3Oth April, 1973, saw the retirement of Maudafter a grand total of 31% years. Ch. Supt. Ken Shortpresented her with a very fine tape recorder and tea set,subscribed by all her friends within the service and ex-pressed the sentiments of us all "A well earned andcomf ortable retirement ".

I would hasten to add an a-pology to those memberswho so handsomely subscribed in that the presentationhad to be hurried ly arranged to coincide with avail-ability; also just a small appreciation to ElizabethGoodwin who organised the testimonial and the researchfor this item.

Further comings and goings:-Carol Bennett and Dorothy Winterbottom have recentlyarrived to take up duties as civilian operators on shiftwork. Carol arrives from Lancashire Constabulary andDot comes from the Telegraph Off ice at N.S.Y.

Jim Tabor and Roddy Byrne stayed with us a coupleof years but have fled to pastures afield. Roddy has re-turned to the Watchmaking and Clock business andJim Tabor is off to Saudi Arabia 'allegedly' to take upa post as a wireless Operator?

NICE TO SEE Malcolm Hine out ot hospital and on

his feet again nearly thrce months after the OldBailey bomb explosion. Reproduced by kind per-misslon ot Dixie Dean.

John Dibb .ioins lan Camerons "Boff in Box" as aradio mechanic working with the nely legendary SamSe lvera jah.

Dickie Farmer, Marion Gilbert and Elizabeth Goodwincomplete the residents panel as civilian operators.

From time to time our numbers are made presentablewith the additions of relief operators from Divisions,sometimes called in at short notice to f ill an awkwardvacancy such as Sickness or Annual Lelive. We haveto train these chaps to look at things from the "otherside of the fence". Most of them offer enjoyable companyto the Regular Staff and one member of this reliableband was Geoff Thorndyke; often on loan frorn hisparent division and sometimes the subject of a haggleas to which priority he should have his services directedto. We at Control Centre can only express our sadnessat his tragic accident and feel that we and his parentdivision have lost a friend and offer his lady our sincerecondolences.

G.J.F.G.

SILVER WHEEL TROPHY

ON MONDAY, 21st May, 1973, in the Livery Hall,Guildhall,'B'Division, City of London Special Con-stabulary won the Silver Wheel Road Safety Cornpetitionfor the Worshipful Company of Wheelwrights Trophy,beating the holders, Barclays Bank lnternational Ltd., ina closely fought final by 117 points to 115.

'B' Division Special Constabulary was represented byInspector F.D.A. Ralfe and Special Constables 'B' 156D,C.W. Hawker (Captain), 'B' 101 S. Simmons, and'B'175 R, Wheelhouse.

Sixteen teams took part in this knockout Cornpetitionfor City Organisati ons:-

B.P. Automobi le ClubCity of London Police Cadets (2)

Post Office E.C. BranchGui ldhal I Statf AssociationSecuricor Ltd.Barclays Bank lnternationalGuildhall School of Music and DramaCity of London Special Constabulary 'B' DivisionCity of London Special Constabulary 'D' DivisionElank of TokyoSt. Bartholomew's HospitalBlackfriars Motor ClubLeague of Safe DriversKing & Co.Barclays Bank Motor Club.

This was more than double the number that entered in1972 when the competition was first started. The com-petition was arranged by the Road Safety Committee ofthe Corporation of London and is based on knolledge ofthe Highway Code and Road Safety in general.

The Ouestion Master was James Pestridge, Esq.,B.B.C. Motoring Unit; Judges were E,R. Gahan, Esq.,B.E.M., M. Knights+Vhitton, Esq., and P. Olds, Esq.;Recorder - C. Emery, Esq.

The Presentation of Awards was made by W.F. NewburyEsq,, F.C.l.S,, F.C.M.A., Master of the WorshipfulCompany ot Wheelwrights to the winners and runners up.

Anyone wishing to see the Trophy will f ind it suitablyhoused in the Trophy Cabinet, Wakefield Mess, SpecialConstabulary Wood Street.

Vic Lonnon.

LINCOLNSHIRE POACHER

FOR THE NEXT THREE MONTHS SuperintendentWilliam Carey from Lincoln City Police' is on attach-ment to this force. He has swopped temporari ly withSuperintendent D. Smith.

Superintendent Carey is a former English colonial'born and educated in lndia. Most of his life has been

spent in uniform, After a brief spell in the R.A.F. he

spent his military service - from 1944 to 1948 - in theFar East. Most of his army service was with the gurkhasln 1948 he came to England. where he has relatives'and joined the Lincoln City Police. After arnalgarnation

in 1967 he went to Grantham as a Chief lnspector and

has since been promoted back to Lincoln as Super-

intendent.All of us hope that he has a very pleasant and en-

joyable stay.

RICH PICKIIGS AND MUCH MORE.

HOW WOULD YOU LIKE suff icient cash to purchaseyour retirement horne, (without a mortgage), two newcars and a holiday in Bermuda for you and the wife?Add to these the comforting thought that if anything un-toward happened to you meantirne - and the recent OldBailey explosion is a timely reminder of this blessing- plus the knowledge that you are getting a tax rebateover the years - and you have some idea, becausethere's much more besides, of the pickings I have hadfrom our own Police Mutual Assurance Society. When I

started these various policies early in my service, I

had no idea how much the small weekly and latermonthly payments would appreciate but you can imaginehow much my initial efforts to save have paid off. Myexperience is what we all hope for but, at the other endof the scale, and this is the worse side of the coin, ifyou've a Mutual policy and you want some moneyquickly, you can surrender it once it is six months'old,and the older the policy the more you can raise, becauseunlike commercial assurance companies, the Mutualpay the accrued bonuses even on a surrendered policy.This is much better than having a loan from a bank onwhich there is a big interest charge. The Mutual willeven loan you money on your policy, if you prefer thismethod. However, I hope you will have no need to useeither of these methods, but reap the full benefit of thenew bonus rate and the much greater maximum holdingto which present day members are entitled. The follow-ing example conveys the full impact of the new bonus.t500 sum assured (immediately payable on death, plusbonuses to date). Premium payable over a term ofthirty years, 25p. per week, which with tax rebate,amounts to f331, Total yield at maturity, includingbonus at ihe present rate, f1 ,172, a net profit of f841.And here's more food for thought, this policy (t500sum assured) is only one eighth of a single man (orwoman's) entitlement and one sixteenth of a marriedcouple's maximum holding. I'll leave you to make thecalculation. but by any standards the yield is colossal,and if you're sceptical enough to discount thesefigures because of the decline in the value of the tand soaring property values, then go back to squareone, the first paragraph, and my good fortune. lf I hadlistened to the dismal johnnies way back in thethirties, I wouldn't be anything like as well off as I

am now. But this is only one of the Mutual's benefits.There are nrany more, such as mortgage protection,unit trust investment, convertible option policies andassistance in house purchase,

Can you really affoi'd NOT to be a member of this,your very own Police Mutual Assurance Society?.

Bert Treves,Authorised Off icer, Police Mutual

Assurance Society (Ext.367)

CITY POLICE GALA

LANCASHI RE AGAI N DOMI N AT E

BUT - - 'NEWS OF THE WORLD'

TROPHY RETURNS TO CITY

THE FORCE ANNUAL GALA was held at St. George'sBaths on May 16th. A full house saw some very goodswimming with Lancashire again providing the out-standing team. Spearheaded by Bill Pearce and DianeCraven they produced a series of very fine swirns andcompletely dominated the ladies and mens freestyleevents.

From the City Police point of view, it was a veryencouraging evening, The medley team won the 'News ofthe World'Cup for the first time in l1 years, This was agreat team effort with the City swimmers pulling out allthe stops to defeat a f ine Birmingham City team. Therace was put beyond all doubt when John Mills crushedthe opposition with a fantistic two lengths butterf ly thatgave the last City swimmer an unassailable four yardsI ead.

The interiivisional relays both produced some titanicefforts and some close finishers, ln the medley relayAlan Phillips, a former PAA champion, produced a vintagebreastroke leg to pave the way for a'D'Division victory.The freestyle relay went to the Cadets with 'C' Divisiona very close second.

For the f irst time 'E' Division and the motor cyclewing entered teams. They both swam with great aplomb.Mike Sims had slimmed to a streamlined 17 stone forthis event. Going f irst for 'E' Division, he nearly wonthe race by washing his nearest rivals out of the pool.The motor cycle wing had trouble with their star, BillKing, who, rightly lacking conf idence in his ownability, insisted on swimming from deep to shallow sothat he oould walk in case of difficulty, ln the eventhe forgot to change gear, but by judicious use of thelane ropes, he pulled his team through.

ln an exclusive interview afterwards, the motorcyclewing team manager, John Moss, said, "Next yearthey will not swim in their crash helmets."

The Cadets and Schools relay provided the tightestf inish with the Met, Cadets beating Alleyns College by0,1 seconds. The Alleyns boys average age is 14 years.They will surely come again next year.

This great gala was followed by a great dance atthe McMorran Hall, Organised by Colin Roberts andBrian Hathorn, it rounded off a wonderful evening inthe true traditions of the City Police.

The only carping note is the continuing lackofsupport for this event by the Force. Where a sectioncan turn out 40 officers to compete and officiate intheir own time they deserve more support than the handfuloi City spectators who turned up. At this rate this galawi | | not last another couple of years.

For the City Police who did come and watch, avery sincere thankyou.

Come again next year - PLEASE!

John Cardwell.

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COLLECTING POLICE BADGES

TWENTY Y EARS AG O, the number of collectorsof Police badges could possibly have been countedon the fingers ot two hands. Today, they have becomelegion. This increased interest doubtless was sparkedoff by the arnalgamations of 1948, and the more recentamalgamations of .l 965, and, in recent times, thesudden interest that has been shown in many PoliceForces to form a museum, showing their Forces' history,in the form of displaying old uniforms, badges, docu-ments and photographs, plus drawing on interestingexhibits f rom their or crime museums, onappropriate occasions. Several Forces have formedquite extensive badge collections and not confinedthemselves exclusively to their own Force. A clergymanof the Church of England bequeathed his magnificentcollection of Police Helmet-Plates of the Forces ofEngland and Wales to the Home Office and his collectionof Railway Police Force badges to the Science Museum,South Kensington; but where are his collection ofScottish and lrish Police badges, or did he not collectthem? This brings me to the problenE facing the newcollector, who is going to f ind it most diff icult toacquire older badges, even at a price.

A "nrarket" in Police badges now exists dlle to thegreat number of policemen, and others, who have beenattracted to this hobby, and by the badge manufacturers'decision no longer to hold any stocks - S.E.T, mayhave played a part here - and the disposing of badgesnot taken up by the Police Force, which had orderedthem, to accredited dealers. As almost all beginnersare faced with the position of having no duplicates tooffer in exchange, and all hobbies, sooner or later,entail financial outlay, if one is to pursue them, sothe "rnarket" in badges is here to stay and with thepound Sterling so inflated, the Continental andAmerican collectors, who are legion, snap up much thatcomes to auction, regardless. So, with so much collect-ing today, the beginner is very well advised to decideto specialise, i.e. U.K. E.ll R helmet plates only;U.K. E.ll R cap badges only; British Colonialand,/orCommonwealth badges only, or parts thereof; Scandin-avian badges only; or whatever takes your fancy. Howeverrare a Police badge in one's possession is, NEVERpresume that it is unique: the helmet plate locked in theGuildhall munirnent room of the interesting and lovelyCity of Lichf ield was found to have a half+rother, to thealmost total disbelief of the Town clerk, whereas thecap badge of the Ramsgate Royal Harbour Police, theSudbury, Suffolk, Stratford{pon-Avon and MaidenheadPolice helmet plates may well be unique because sofew were issued. Always examine the BACKS of oldVictorian helmet plates, as the backing-ptate of quitea number will consist of the centre oval of the -Metropolitan Police, London, or Birmingham CityPolice.

Among Police bages are a number of unusual centres,,,i,e., the Battle of the Three Kings, which is the sealof the City of Lichfield, and the "St, John'sHead on a Charger" worn by the Penzance Police. Also,the pomegranate tree on the old Chesterfield PoliceForce helmet plate, which, according to Scott€iles,was the Arms of Catherine of Aragon, but which mayhave been in use much earlier than this.

The badges of the Special Constabulary should be

mentioned, as they are the only Police bages which in-corporate colour into a collection of Police badges,

being largely in multicoloured enamels, many of themmost attractive. The older ones, of the Great War, arein bronze, so whilst being less attractive, are farrarer. Neither are collar{ogs and shoulder titles to beoverlookd.

By this time, rnany a collector may have becomeacquainted with Heraldry, a subject of great interestin itself . Finally, when sending any badges to anycol lector known to you or not, the 4p extra for sendingby "Recorded Delivery" can obviate a lot of awkwardembarrassment, But, bear in mind, it only covers aloss of up to f 2,

M.D.

An unusual City ot London helmet plate whichwas nevet issued for wattime wear in the M.P.D.

At one period in its history, the Se/geants ot the Lanca-shire Constabulary used to sew a cloth chevron on totheir helmets below the small helmet plate. Eventually,it must have been decided to incorpotate the se/geantslhree strlpes into their helmet plates, as the photographdlsc/oses. The helmet plates comprise a black wreath,with whitemetal Coat-of'Arms, within a completeGartet and stripes; one, all in whitemetal, and one, allin black,

SQUASHED!

MEMBERS OF THE Squash section were honoured onFriday, June 1st, when Azam Khan visited the SouashCourts at Wood Street and demonstrated some of iheability which has made him a world class player. Hispast achievemerrts make impressive reading _ BritishOpen champion for four years in successioi, CanadianOpen champion twice, U.S. Open champion once,Pakistan Open champion once and professionalchampion. ln spite of a good ef fort by Ernie Thompsonto slow him down by inviting him to a Senior Off icers,.lunch, he dealt with the opposition provided by RonWestgate, Joe McMahon, Albie O'Connor, AdrianMaxwell, Don Smith and Ernie Thornpson and our guest,Nick Chamberlain, with astonishing ease and to J-oeMcMahon only wentthe honour of winning a point. Atthe end of the exhibition he was presenied with aninscribed plaque to commemorate his visit and warmjvapplauded for h is d isplay. Those members of theForce who have not yet started playing squash cantake some hope from the fact that Mr. Khan was 26before he started playing.

- The Police College now have two squash courts.On 23rd May a squash team from the Ciiy played themat Bramshill and had a very close match resulting ina 3 - 3 draw-. After the game, the Section Secretarypresented a Silver Cup to the College on behalf of theForce. Tte Cup, which will be known as the,City ofLondon Cup', will be awarded to the College SquishChampion at the end of each term.

John Linnane.

LETTERS

FOLLOWING THE ARTTCLES which appeared in ,'TheCity" ln April, May and June, I have received anumber of queries as to how we are going to ensure thesecurity of the National Police Computer at Hendon. Theshort answer is I do not know.

However, I can give you some idea of the types ofsystem which are on the market to restrict physicalaccess.

One such system on the market js a system calledMASTIFF (Modular Automated System to tdentify Friendfrom Foe). It is marketed in the UK by Lewis SecuritySystems Ltd. of Leatherhead, Surrey.

The system consists essentially of five elements:THE DETECTOR - A sensing device detects thepresence of a person at each entrance. The particularchoice is dependent upon the configuration of the site,but typical devices include modulated beam infra+edunits and photo€lectric cells. Door handle switches,door contacts or weight mats may also be appropriatedevices.

THE DETERRENI - Automatic or locked doors,barriers or turnstiles, visual or audible alarrns, photo-graphic recorders, paging or police links can be providedto meet the organisational requirernents at any partic-ular location or entrance. Existing facilities are usedwhenever possible.

THE TOKEN - Each authorised person is providedwith a small electronic unit encased in mouldedplastic equivalent in size to a packet of ten cigarettes,which can be carried without difficulty in any pocket.It can be equipped with a clip or ring. This unit or'token' is individually coded and pre-set to provideidentificatron of the level of security to which theindividual is authorised. lt willensure unrestrictedpassage to predetermined areas, but will not permitaccess to areas outside those designated for theparticu lar indiv idual.

There is an alrnost unlimited number of code combin-ations which not only allows for a large variety ofsecurity levels but permits periodic changes in thecombination, as a safejuard against comprornise. At notime is the authorised user required to take any actionor even to be aware of the presence of any securitydevice, at a partjcular door or entrance,

THE CONTROL UNIT - Triggered by the detector,the.Control Unit interrogates the person approachingeach protected entrance to determine whether or noithat person is to be accorded access. A preciseverification is made, and if the entrant is authorised,the appropriate door or barrier is released, any alarmrs suppressed and, if necessary, a permanent or visualrecord is made. lf the entrance is unauthorised thedoor remains barred and any alarm may be activated,The control Unit monitors many entrances each ofwhich may give access to authorised personnel ofvarious levels.of_security, the level oi each beinggoverned by his "need to know',. The permutatio-nsare unlimited. For example, access to the computerroom may be granted to 1 S authorised personnelonly. Within that area, access to the tape libraryrnay be restricted to one or two individuals from these15. As an option, the Control Unit can incorporate apre-programmed timing device which validates varioussecurity levels during pre.set periods to cater forshift workers, external visitors, cleaners andauthorised users who would be barred at other times,A standard feature is the incorporation of exit alarmswhich are tripped whenever an authorised personattempts to leave the outer perimeter without ftrsthaving returned his token to the security storage unit.

THE CHARGERISTORAGE UNtT - High securityCharger/Storage Units are located at appropriate exitpoints to charge the individual tokens and to housethese tokens securely whilst the authorised user is offsite. (Similar to the charging units for our personalrad io batteri es).Each authorised user holds an individual key, whichf its a multi-level high grade lock ad.iacent to a slotin the storage unit; this securely holds the particulartoken whilst not in use. A remote indication can be in-corporated as a check on those tokens in use or storedand thjs indication can activate a mimic board to pro-vide an 'lN' or 'OUT'display, or operate a work timerecorder.

THE SYSTEM /N USEThe system provides positive detection of intruders,including those who might attempt to gain accesswhilst a normally secured door is in the process of re-latching after the passage of an authorised user. lt offersmaximum security without hindrance to authorisedpersonnel who may enter secure areas without the needfor a key or card or security guards at each entrance.This elimination of any inconvenience removes thetemptation to evade (for example by leaving a dooron the latch or taping the lock) which is the majorweakness of all conventional security systems.Many safeguards are incorporated to ensure completesecurity; the units are tamper-proof with alarmsagainst interference; the tokens are not individuallyidentifiable and their level of security is known oniyto their user; the removal of a token from a bui ldinginitiates an exit alarm and its owner is identified.The token becomes inoperative unless charged in thestorage unit; a rapid code change on detection of anyremoval will prevent interim comprbmise of security.Any power failure is accommodated by standby facilities,and dual circuits effectively safeguard againsi electonicfailure. But, if the system fails, all comers will betreated as intruders.

lan James.

MOUNTIES _UPHOLDING THE RIGHT FOR 1OO YEARS

ON 23rd MAY, 1873, just six years after Confedera-tion, the Dominion Parliament passed a billbringing theNorth West Mounted Police into being.

Recent troubles had included the 1869//0 Rebellion,and the plague of Ameiican Whisky pedlars, and newproblems would include the new Railway, the newsettlers, and the lndian question. The North WestMounted Rllles appeared to be a Frontier Patrol to astart led Washington and suspicious newspapers. Atelegram brought an apology to the American capital, andPrime lvlinister John A. McDonald's ink amendment toMounted Police allayed American suspicions, and re-cruiting started in the East. Men had to be between 18and 40, of sound constitution, active and able+odied,French or English reading and writing, and able toride. The off icer's oath was "l solemnly swear that I

will faithfully and diligently impartially execute andperform the duties of ...... in the Police Force on theNorth West Territories and willwelland truly obey andperform all lawful orders and instructions, which lshallreceive as such without fear, favour or affection of ortowards any person or party whatsoever, so help meGod."

The Commanding Off icer was the Qommissioner, an ex-officio Justice of the Peace, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, with a minimum term of off ice of three years -for the N.W.Nl.P. was a civic Organisation with militarydiscipline. He could appoint up-to 300 Constables andSub-Constables for terms of three years, but only 150were enrolled in the first batch. The Police movedWest in July, 1874, and set up the present headquartersat Emersonrnan, with Forts built at strategic points.

The initial tasks mentioned above were completed,when in 1885 the North West Bebellion broke out; it wassoon crushed by the Police and MilitiA and Louis Riel,who had led the Red River revolt was duly hanged. Thencame the Yukon Gold Rush in 1898, the South AtricanWar in 1899, new settlers around 1900 and the PoliceSquadrons in 1918 for (a) Europe and (b) Siberia, withSquadrons meant for the former helping in the WinnipegGeneral Strike of 19'19. The f irst 47 years brought twochanges in style; in 1904 the "Royal" was added tothe name and in 1920 the North West Mounted Rifleshbsorbed the Federal Dorninion Police to becorne TheRoyal Canadian Mounted Police, based in Ottowa, butresponsible for all Canada for Dominion Laws. ltssubsequent enlargement with new posts and extensivedog€led patrols to the North resulted in the ProvincialStatutes being added between 1928 and 1950, exceptfor Ontario and Quebec; thus 162 Municipalities drawtheir Police requirements from the R.C.M.P. ln 1932the Marine Division started and the PreventiveService from the National Revenue was taken over;three years afterwards came the Air Division; twoyears later the first Crime Detection Laboratory wasformed at Regina, and Sackville, New Brunswick,followed in 1957. Finally in 1939 the Reserves werefounded, and Number One Provost Company sent off towar. Since the war a new section of great importanceis S, & 1., Security and lntelligence Directorate, withthe two top f loors at H,Q. responsible f or checkingstrbversives (Communists and fringe groups), monitoringeommunist Party line changes, running the counter-espionage system, and operating all GovernmentSecurity checks.

According to the Solicitor-General's Report for1971n2, there are twelve operational Divisions with 41

SubOivisions and 689 Detachments, plus Air Divisionsand two Training Divisions. There are .4,500 men in 600posts headed by the Commissioner and SubordinateCommi ss i oner; Ass istant Superi ntendents, I nspectorsand Sub-lnspectors lead NCO's (Sergeant Majors, StaffSergeants, and Sergeant Corporals) and first-, second-and third.class Constables, AII ranks have annual dri ll,revolver and rifle practice, senior men have refreshercourses, officers are drawn from the ranks. Horses areonly used ceremonially or for training and there are twomusical bands, East and West; the Musical Rides areso famous for the number of intricate patterns, that abooklet was issued some years ago,

Matching the nick name of the "Mounties" and theslogan "Always get their man" is the famous RedCoat. Originally in 1874 it was a scarlet Norfolk jacketwithout facings, plus brown leather belts and haver-sacks, white helmets with brass spikes and chin-straps, steelgrey cloth breeches and brown jackboots.The men's grey breeches were changed to a blue clothwith the broad yellow side stripes which is stillworn,The fatigue suit was brown duck, as now; a cavalrycloak and chain, and a winter issue of fur cap and buck-skin mits, hide moccasins, woollen stockings, andbuffalo, later Russian lambskin coats, were standardissue. Off icers had plumes on the helmets, gold lace,and yellow cord breeches (later the blue cloth withyellow stripe), and added later braid and a gold lace belt,black horse*rair helmet plumes, black jackboots, whitegauntlets, cavalry swords and sabretaches with badge.

There were many criticisms, particularly of the heavyhelmet (more often dumped in the wagons than worn), andthe red tunic, which stood f or integrity in lndian minds,but which was impractical wear in prairie dudt. ln '1901 ,there was a complete change of uniform, when the felthat, service cap, brown gloves, gauntlets, strathconaboots and ankle boots, field service jacket and panta-loons, klondyke fur cap, etc:, replaced the helmet,forage cap, cloak and chain, tunic, black fur cap, etc.Pipeclay and difficult black leather vanished. The newtrousers had a leg-of+nutton cut, the stetson shadedthe face, and the scarlet serge tunic, less severe thanof yore, was retained only for ceremonial and walking-out dress.

The Centenary has been marked by a special Com-morative lssue, but the fine record of this superlativeorganisation is its greatestmonument for the past andsignpost for the future.

John Kennedy Melling.

P,C. Michael F inn in action in a recent displayof Ja@nese tighting arts in the McMorran Hall.

Printed by the Printing and Stationery Department of the Corporation ot London.