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C I T Y o f
A M I A T I O N
P H O E N I X
D E P A R T M E N T
P H O E N I X S K Y H A R B O R
I N T E R N A T I O N A L A I R P O R T
M A S T E R P L A N U P D A T E
T E C H N I C A L R E P O R T
H o w a r d N e e d l e s T a m m e n & B e r g e n d o f f
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CITY OF PHOENIX AVIATION DEPARTMENT
Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
Master Plan Update
TECHNICAL REPORT
September 1989
HOWARD NEEDLES TAMMEN & BERGENDOFF
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I.
II.
PROGRAM OBJECTIVES
1. GENERAL
2. GUIDELINES & POLICIES
DESCRIPTION OF AIRPORT FACILITIES
1. AIRFIELD
A. Runway/Taxiway System B. Landing and Navigational Aids C. Obstacles and Clear Zones
2. PASSENGER TERMINALS
A. Terminal 1 B. Terminal 2 C. Terminal 3 D. Terminal 4 E. International Terminal
3. SURFACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
A. Regional Access B. Terminal Area Circulation C. Curbside D. Parking E. Rental Car Operation F. Commercial Service
4. CARGO FACILITIES
5. AIR NATIONAL GUARD
6. GENERAL AVIATION
7. OTHER AIRPORT FACILITIES
A. Airport Rescue and Firefighting Facility (ARFF) B. Air Traffic Control Tower and Other FAA Facilities C. Fuel Storage and Distribution D. Airport Equipment Maintenance Facilities
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I-I
I-1
I-I
II-I
II-1
II-I II-2 II-4
II-5
II-5 II-9 II-9 II-lO I I - l l
II-11
II-I l II-12 II-13 II-14 II-14 II-15
II-15
II-15
II-16
II-16
II-16 II-18 II-18 II-18
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
8. AIRSPACE AND AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL
A. Airspace Management System B. Air Traffic F~ows C. Other Airports D. Other Airspace Factors
1II. COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS
| . SOCI O-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS
A. The Phoenix Metropolitan Area B. The Immediate Airport Vicinity
2. LAND, USE
A. Sky Harbor Center B. Salt River C. Pueblo Grande Mtmicipal Monument D. Southern Pacific Railroad E. Landfills F. Industry and Commerce G. Vacant Lands
3. ZONING
4. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS
A. Relocation of 24th Street B. Relocation of the Salt River C. Use of the Salt River D. The Proposed Roadway System on the East E. The Southern Pacific Railroad F. The Pueblo Grande National Monument G. Noise
IV. AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS AND FORECASTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DOMESTIC AIR CARRIER FO~CASTS
3. INTERNATIONAL AIR CARRIER FORECASTS
4. AIR C ~ E R SUMMARY
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I1-20
I1-20 II-20 I1-21 I1-21
III-1
llI-1
IlI-I III-3
III-3
III-3 Ili-3 III-3 Ill-4 III-4 1II-4 111-4
11I-5
III-5
II1-5 III-6 III-6 III-6 11I-6 III-6 111-7
IV-1
IV-1
IV-1
IV-15
IV-20
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
5. REGIONAL AIRLINE FORECASTS
6. AIR TAXI OPERATIONS
7. AIR CARGO OPERATIONS
8. MILITARY OPERATIONS
9. GENERAL AVIATION OPERATIONS
10. PASSENGER AND OPERATIONAL SUMMARY
11. AIRCRAFT FLEET MIX
12. ON-AIRPORT EMPLOYMENT
CHAPTER V. AIRFIELD FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
1. AIRFIELD CAPACITY AND DELAYS
A. Demand B. Capacity C. Delays and Costs of Delays D. The Need for a Third Runway
2. OTHER AIRFIELD AND RUNWAY REQUIREMENTS
A. Runway Configurations B. Runway Length Requirements C. Runway Widths D. Runway Clearances
3. TAXIWAY REQUIREMENTS
A. Current Taxiway Improvements B. Additional Taxiway Improvements C. Additional Crossover Taxiways D. Exit Taxiway Improvements E. Parallel Taxiways F. Holding Apron Improvements G. Taxiways for Proposed New Runway
4. RUNWAY STRENGTHS
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IV-25
IV-25
IV-25
IV-30
IV-30
IV-30
IV-37
V-1
V-1
V-2 V-2 V-2 V-8
V-9
V-9 V-10 V-13 V-13
V-14
V-14 V-15 V-15 V-16 V-16 V-17 V-17
V-17
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
5. NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
A. l.amding Aids B. Navigational Aids
CHAPTER VL PASSENGER TERMINAL FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
1. GATE ANALYSIS
A. Existing Gates B. Forecasts of Future Gate Requirements C. Assumptions - Passenger Termhaal Changes
2. ALTERNATIVES
A. Two, Scenarios B. Summary of Gate Requirements
3. TERMINAL FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
4. INTERNATIONAL PASSENGER FACILITIES
5. COMMUTER PASSENGER FACILITIES
CHAPTER VII. OTHER FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
~. AIR CARGO FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
A. Existing Air Cargo Facilities B. Future Requirements
2. GENERAL AVIATION FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
A. Existing Capacity B. Requirements
3. SUPPORT FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
A. City Maintenance Facilities ]3. Airline Maintenance Hangars C. Fuel Storage Facilities D. Airport Rescue and Firefighting Facilities (ARFF) E. Federal Aviation Administration Facilities
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V-18
V-! 8 V-18
VI-I
VI-1
VI-1 VI-I V1-4
VI-4
V1-4 VI-5
VI-5
VI-8
VI-9
VII- 1
VII-1
VII-[ VII-1
VII-3
VII-3 VII-3
VII-4
VII-4 VII-4 VII-4 VII -5 VII-6
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
F. U.S. Postal Facility G. Airline Ground Equipment Maintenance Facilities H. Airline Flight Kitchens
CHAPTER VIII. SURFACE ACCESS AND PARKING FACILITIES
1. REGIONAL ACCESS ROADS
A. Capacity of Access Roadways B. Access Roadway Requirements
2. INTERNAL ROAD SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
A. Capacity of Internal Roadways B. Internal Road System Requirements
3. CURB SPACE REQUIREMENTS
A. Capacity of Curbspace B. Curbspace Requirements
4. PARKING REQUIREMENTS
A. Capacity of Existing Public Parking Facilities B. Public Parking Requirements C. Employee Parking Requirements
5. OTHER TRANSPORTATION REQUIREMENTS
A. Rental Cars B. Public Service Vehicles C. Rail Transit D. Intra-Terminal Movement
CHAPTER IX. AIRFIELD CONCEPTS
1. ALTERNATIVE LAYOUTS, EAST END OF PROPOSED THIRD PARALLEL RUNWAY
A. Third Parallel Runway B. Extensions of Existing Runways
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Page
VII-6 VII -6 VII-6
VIII-I
VIII-I
VIII-I VIII-2
VIII-2
VIII-2 VIII-4
VIII-4
VIII-4 VIII-5
VIII-5
VIII-5 VIII-5 VIII-10
VIII-10
VIII- 10 VIII-12 VIII-12 VIII-12
IX-1
IX-I IX-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
2. PROPOSED AIRFIELD IMPROVEMENTS
A. Crossover Taxiways B. Other Taxiway Improvements
3. PROPOSED NAVIGATIONAL AIDS
A. Navigational Aids B. landing Aids
CHAPTER X. PASSENGER TERMINAL CONCEPTS
1. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS, DOMESTIC TERMINALS
A. Introduction B. Terminals 1 and 2 C. Terminal 3 D. Terminal 4
2. PROPOSED INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL FACILITIES
3;. PROPOSED COMMUTER TERMINAL FACILITIES
CHAPTER XI. CONCEPT FOR OTHER AIRPORT FACILITIES
1. PROPOSED AIR CARGO FACILITIES
2, PROPOSED GENERAL AVIATION FACILITIES
3.. PROPOSED S ~ P O R T FACILITIES
A. City Maintenance Facilities B. Airline Maintenance Facilities C. Fuel Storage Facilities D. Airport Rescue and Firefighting Facilities (ARFF) E. Air Traffic Control Tower and Othei" FAA Facilities F. Miscellaneous Uses, West End of Airport G. Airline Flight Kitchens H. Airport, Hotel
CHAPTER
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XII. SURFACE ACCESS, AND PARKING CONCEPTS
PROPOSED CONNECTIONS, TO REGIONAL HIGHWAY S Y S T ~ S
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IX-3
IX-3 IX-4
IX-6
IX-6 IX-7
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X-1 X-3 X-3 X-7
X-7
X-11
XI-1
XI-I
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XI-2 XI-2 XI-3 XI-4 XI-4 XI-5 XI-6 X1-6
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (Cont'd)
A. West End of Airport B. East End of Airport
2. PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS TO INTERIOR ROADWAYS
A. Sky Harbor Boulevard B. Other Public Road
3. PROPOSED PARKING IMPROVEMENTS
A. Terminal Parking B. Remote Parking
4. PROPOSED RAIL TRANSIT FACILITIES
A. Alignments
CHAPTER XIII. AIR NATIONAL GUARD FACILITIES
1. INTRODUCTION
2. THE NEED TO RELOCATE
3. RELOCATION ALTERNATIVES
4. EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE SITES
A. Evaluation Criteria B. Site Evaluation
5. COST OF REPLACEMENT FACILITIES
6. CONCLUSION
CHAPTER XIV. AIRPORT LAND USE CONCEPT PLAN
1. LAND ACQUISITIONS
2. AIRPORT LAND USE CONCEPT
CHAPTER XV. DEVELOPMENT COSTS
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XII-I XII-I
XII-2
XII-2 XII-3
XII-4
XII-4 Xll-4
XII-5
XII-5
XIII-1
XIII-I
XIII-I
XIII-2
XIII-3
XIII-3 XIII-4
XIII-8
XIII-8
XIV-1
XIV-1
XIV-I
XV-I
TABLE OF' CONTENTS (Cont'd)
CHAPTER XVI. AIRPORT PLANS
I. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Airport Layout Plan (ALP) Terminal Area Plan Genera] Aviation Area Plan Far Part 77 Surfaces Runways 8L & 26R, Approach Plans & Profiles Runways 8R & 26L, Approach Plans & Profiles Runways 8N & 26N (New) Approach Plans & Profiles
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
RUNWAY LENGTH REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS
DETAILED FACILITY REQUIREMENTS CALCULATIONS TERMINAL FACILITIES
XVI-I
XV1-2 XVI-3 XVI-4 XV1-5 XV1-6 XV[-7 XVI-8
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Table
II.1 II.2 II.3 II.4 II.5 11.6
III. I Ill.2
IV. 1 IV.2
IV.3 IV.4 IV.5 IV.6 IV.7 IV.8 IV.9 IV. 10 IV. II IV. 12
IV. 13 IV. 14 IV. 15 IV. 16 IV. 17 IV. 18 IV. 19 IV.20 IV.21 IV.22 IV.23 IV.24 IV.25 IV.26 IV.27 IV.28 IV.29 IV.30
LIST OF TABLES
Pavement Strengths Landing and Navigational Aids Obstructions to Imaginary Surfaces Existing and Planned Terminal Facilities Inventory of General Aviation Facilities Inventory of Airline and City Fuel Storage Facilities
Population Forecasts to 2005 Employment Forecasts to 2005
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II-3 II-3 11-6 II-7 II-17 II-19
III-2 III-2
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Air Carder Enplanements, 1972-1987 IV-2 Historic Air Carder Shares of Domestic Scheduled Enplanements (percent), 1972-1987 1V-3 Scheduled Air Carrier Originating Passengers, 1972-1986 IV-4 Major Origin-Destination Markets, 1986 IV-6 Air Carder Connecting Enplanements, 1972-1986 IV-7 Air Carder Operations-Departures, 1972-1987 IV-8 Air Carder Enplanements Per Departure, 1972-1987 IV-9 Air Carder Enplanements, 1992-2007 IV- 10 Air Carrier Connecting Passengers, 1992-2007 IV- 12 Enplanements Per Departure, 1992-2007 IV- 13 Air Carder Aircraft Departures, 1997-2007 IV-14 Seasonal Adjustment Factors for Enplanements and Air Carrier Aircraft Departures, 1984-1987 IV- 16 Peak Month Enplanements Per Departure, 1992-2007 IV-17 Daily Air Carder Enplanements, 1992-2007 IV-18 Peak Hour Passengers, 1992-2007 IV- 19 International Air Carder Activity IV-20 Summary Forecast Air Carder Activity, 1992-2007 IV-22 Commuter Airline Enplanements, 1972-1986 IV-23 Summary of Commuter Airline Forecast Activity, 1992-2007 IV-24 Air Taxi Aircraft Operations, 1992-2007 IV-26 Air Cargo Tonnage, 1992-2007 IV-27 All-Cargo Aircraft Operations, 1992-2007 IV-28 Military Aircraft Operations, 1992-2007 IV-29 General Aviation Operations, 1976-1987 IV-30 General Aviation Operations, 1992-2007 IV-32 Based General Aviation Aircraft, 1992-2007 IV-33 Summary of Passenger Activity, 1992-2007 IV-34 Summary of Aircraft Operations, 1992-2007 IV-35 Forecast Aircraft Operations by Aircraft Type, 1992-2007 IV-36 Forecast on On-Airport Employment, 1992-2007 IV-37
Table
V.1 V.2 V.3 V.4 V.5 V.6 V.7
VI.1 VI.2 Vl.3 VI.4
VII. |
VIII. I VIII.2 VIII.3 VIII.4 VIII.5
IX.1
IX.2
X.1
X.2 X.3
X.4
XIII. 1
XV. l XV.2 XV.3 XV.4 XV.5 XV.6 XV.7
LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd)
Aircraft Operations Forecasts for 19'88 and 2007 Aircraft Mix, 1988 and 2007 Hourly Runway Capacity, I9'88 and 2007 Annual Service Volume, 1988 and 2007 Aircraft Delays ,and Delay Costs Total Annual Costs of Aircraft and Passenger Delays Runway Wind Coverage
Aircraft Gates (1987) - By Termina|/Aircraft Type Turbo-Jet Air Carder Forecasted Gate Requirements/Mix Summary of Gate Requirements FIS Facilities Required to Serve 400 Deplaning Passengers Per Hour
Air Cargo Building Requirements, 19'86-2007
Entrance Roadway Capacity Curbside Requirements On-Airport Parking Requirements Distribution of Publi'c Parking Req~rements, 2007 Recommended Public Parking Program, 2007
Summary Comparison of Alternatives for Third Parallel Runway Comparison of Alternative Location for Additional Crossover Taxiway Locations
Summary of Gate Requirements and Potential Concourse Locations, 1'992-2007 Order of Magnitude Costs - Terminal T-3 Expansion Summary Evaluation of Alternatives for Development of Terminal T-3 Summary Evaluation of Alternative Locations for International Arrivals Facility
General Evaluation - Alternative Sites for Relocation of ANG Facility
Development Costs by Phase, Terminal Construction Development Costs by Phase, ,Land Acquisition Development Costs by Phase, Roadways and Parldng Development Costs by Phase, Airfield Development Costs by Phase, Navigational Aids Development Costs by Phase, Other Projects Total Development Costs, by Phase
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V-3 V-4 V-5 V-6 V-7 V-7 V-11
VI-2 Vl-3 V1-6
VI-10
VII -2
VIII-3 VIII-6 VIII-8 VIII-9 VIII- l 1
IX-2
IX-5
X-2 X-5
X-8
X-12
XIII-5
XV-3 XV-4 XV-5 XV-6 XV-7 XV-8 XV-9
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Table
A-1 A-2 A-3
A-4
A-5
A-6
A-7
B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6
LIST OF TABLES (Cont'd)
Runway Length Requirements (Full Load) Runway Length Requirements (Average Load) Percent of Aircraft Fleet Accommodated by Altemative Runway Lengths (Full Load) Percent of Aircraft Fleet Accommodated by Altemative Runway Lengths (Average Load) Runway Length Requirements for Long-Range and Inter- national Flights (Full Load) Runway Length Requirements for Long-Range and Inter- national Flights (Average Load) Runway Length Requirements - Maximum Takeoff Weights
Terminal Facility Deficiencies, Terminal Facility Deficiencies, Terminal Facility Deficiencies, Terminal Facility Deficiencies, Terminal Facility Deficiencies, Terminal Facility Deficiencies,
Terminal 1 Terminal 2 Terminal 3 Terminal 4 Terminal 3 - Scenario 2 Terminal 4 - Scenario 2
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A-3
A-4
A-5
A-6 A-7
B-I B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
II-I II-2 II-3 11-4
III-1
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IX-2
X-1 X-2 X-3
XI-I XI-2
XII-I XII-2 XII-3 XII-4
XIII-1
XIV-I XIV-2 XIV-3
Existing Airport Facilities Existing Terminal Facilities Airport Access System and Parking Facilities Arrival and Departure Routes
Opportunities and Constraints, Airport Vicinity
Annual Operations, 1978-2007 Annual Passengers, 1978-2007
Ail-Weather Wind Rose
Alternative Layouts, East End of Proposed Third Parallel Runway Proposed Airfield Improvements
Alternative Locations, Third Concourse on Terminal Three Phasing of Concourse Construction, Terminal Four Alternative Locations, International Arrivals Facilities
ATC Tower Location Analysis Layout, West End of Airport
East End Access System West End Access System, Pre-Year 2000 West End Access System, Post-Year 2000 Central Area - Interim Road System
ANG Facility and Proposed Runway Alignment
Areas to be Acquired Airport Land Use Concept Major Projects Scheduled, 1989-2007
Chapter XVI
Airport Layout Plan Terminal Area Plan General Aviation Area Plan FAR Part 77 Surfaces Approach & Clear Zones, Runway 8L-26R Approach & Clear Zones, Runway 8R-26L Approach & Clear Zones, New Runway
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V-IO
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INTRODUCTION
The last master plan for Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport was prepared in the early 1980's and was approved by City Council in 1983. The penod since then has been one of dynamic change for Sky Harbor, a result both of the structural changes in the airline industry which occurred after deregulation in 1979, and of the rapid economic growth in the state and region. Proposals made in the earlier plan were accelerated to meet these unanticipated activity levels, and the special requirements created by hubbing airlines. In 1987, the City determined that a new overview of the airport and its needs should be undertaken. In the Fall of 1987, the firm of Howard Needles Tammen & Bergendoff (HNTB) was commissioned to undertake this important study.
The work was organized around a series of working papers prepared at each of the key stages of the study. These interim publications provided a regular opportunity for City staff, the Airport Advisory Board, the FAA, community interest groups, and airport users to review and comment on the plans as they were developed. The working papers published were:
Program Objectives Inventory and Forecasts Facility Requirements Concepts Development Costs
This technical report includes most of the materials presented in these working papers, updated and amended to reflect comments received during the review process and to incorporate developments which have occurred over the last two years of planning.
This report is designed to meet the needs of an audience interested in the details of the program and the methodologies which were used in the planning process. Companion volumes, one a summary of this report and the other a brochure targeted for general distribution, were published simultaneously with this report.
The recommendations and conclusions presented in this report are the judgments of HNTB, but in delivering this document to the City, acknowledgments must be made of the vital contribution by staff, agencies and policy-makers.
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