city speak xi - is transport the solution or the enemy? bruno charade of hk tramways
DESCRIPTION
Development and transport are closely related, but how do we connect the dots and guarantee a livable city for future generations? Lifting the moratorium in Mid-levels, reducing the threshold for redevelopment and the constant pressure to increase density are all choking the older parts of Hong Kong with more traffic and roadside air pollution. How do we deal with the increased traffic on new roads to the Mainland? How many more roads are we planning to build on our waterfront? Is there too much public transport clogging up our roads? Is replacing pedestrian crossings with subways and footbridges a good thing? What plans are there for environmentally friendly transport and aesthetically more pleasing transport infrastructure in Hong Kong? Where are the hopes for making our city more pedestrian-friendly? Can new engine technology solve our problems? Could electronic road pricing help? Will the new rail lines be enough? Do we have a sustainable (transport) plan for our city? Planners, engineers, academics and officials will discuss whether transport is our solution or our enemy. Designing Hong Kong is a not-for-profit organisation focused on sustainable urban planning. See: www.designinghongkong.comTRANSCRIPT
Impact on city planning of modern tramway systems implementation
I - Modern Tramway Systems
1. Worldwide renewal of Tramways
2. Sustainable development
3. City Planning
4. Conclusions
Modern Tramway Systems
Worldwide renewal of Tramway
Modern Tramway Systems
Market situation : Extensive urbanisation and evolution of passengers needs and expectations Emergence of pollution concerns and green concepts Poor quality and capacity of bus systems Huge increase of fuel prices Need to reshape city centers : traffic flow, pedestrianization…
French case : 17 Tramway systems projects since 1985.
Public transport infrastructure investment by municipalities linked to city planning investment : large architectural projects Tramways projects complementary to Metro or buses depending on the capacity needs and city center layout
1985 – Current days : Tramway systems renewal
Sustainable Development
Modern Tramway Systems
5,45 g CO2/ km / pass
15 g CO2/ km / pass( 70 p )
( 4 p )
( 210 p )TRAMWAY = Solution for
climate change Challenge
45 g CO2/ km / pass
Sustainable Development
Modern Tramway Systems
3,7
0,28
0,15
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
MJ
per
pas
sen
ger
-km
petrol car diesel bus electric tram
Energy consumption per passenger - kilometer
Source: Australian Greenhouse Office, Factors & Methods Workbook, 2006
Tramways helps municipalities to be more energy efficient
Sustainable Development
Modern Tramway Systems
Reduction of noise nuisance
Use of insulating materials Improvement of the wheel-rail contact with acoustic dampers Emission of 5 dBA less than automotive traffic
Sustainable Development
Modern Tramway Systems
Recyclability
Use of reusable materials such as steel, aluminium and copper research into the use of biomaterials from renewable sources, such as wood and hemp minimum recyclability rate of 85%
Sustainable Development
Modern Tramway Systems
Access to all
Tram vehicles are fully accessible to persons with reduced mobility
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
The Tramway is an opportunity to reshape the Urban Environment
The Tramway is a landmark in the city (Orientation, identification)
It gives a strong image
It facilitates the city development
(Transport, business activities, pedestrian friendly)
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
French Case: Lyon –Tramway T1
Before During works
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
Now…
French Case: Lyon –Tramway T1
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
French Case: Lyon –Tramway T2
Before the tramway:50,000 vehicles/day
After the tramway:26,000 vehicles/day
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
French Case: Lyon –Tramway T3
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
French Case: Clermont Ferrand
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
French Case: Paris –Tramway T3
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
Ridership increase : average +30% on the route achieved in 1 year (in 3 years for a BRT : positive image of rail systems)
Positive evolution of whole public transport network following the implementation of a new modern Tramway system :
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
Opportunity to re-design public transport networks :
Positive evolution of whole public transport network following the implementation of a new modern Tramway system :
Connection facilities : between several lines and with bus lines (easier and more efficient as surface transport : can be on same platform)Fare integration implementation
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
Opportunity to re-design public transport networks :
Positive evolution of whole public transport network following the implementation of a new modern Tramway system :
Increase average commercial speed (right of way lanes and development of expertise in traffic integration : traffic light priority system…)
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
Tramway : visual driving, easy to follow evolution of ridership by increasing frequency (no block system as for metro)
Positive evolution of whole public transport network following the implementation of a new modern Tramway system :
City Planning
Modern Tramway Systems
Impact on city
Increase real estate value along line (between 25 and 100% depending on location and features)
Commercial areas development along the line
Most difficult part of the project : to regain space against cars or buses once abandoned years ago…
City Planning : Paris Tramway Development
Modern Tramway Systems
T2 La Défense / Pont de Bezons
Tw Villejuif / Athis-Mons / Juvisy-sur-Orge
Tw Châtillon / Viroflay
T1 Noisy-le-Sec / Montreuil (Val de
Fontenay)
T3 Pte d’Ivry / Pte de la Chapelle
Tw St Denis / Garges-Sarcelles
Tw St Denis / Epinay / Villetaneuse
T1 St Denis / AG Les Courtilles
T2 Issy-Val-de-Seine / Pte de Versailles T3 Pont du
Garigliano / Pte d’Ivry
T1 St Denis / Noisy-le-Sec
T2 La Défense / Issy-Val-de-Seine
Currently :3 Lines
31,3 Kms
Within 3 years :5 Extensions
33,4 Kms
4 New lines
30,1 Kms
Total 2013: 94,8 Kms
Conclusions
Modern Tramway Systems
The new trend of Tramway systems renewal is worldwide following :The return of people to city centers with more pedestrianization,The evolution of transport, environmental and city planning policies .
To implement back a Tramway system in a city center (historical) is very difficult compared to implement it in new developed zones:
Availability of space,Infrastructure investment and impact on city planning.
Why Hong Kong is not yet in the move?
New development zones are opportunities to build up green, sustainable and modern image of the city.
A green Tram in West Kowloon or Kai Tak?
Thank You