Civic Location Data eXchange Format (CLDXF)

Michael Gurley

9-1-1 GIS Coordinator

Oregon Office of Emergency Management

Purposes of CLDXF Support the exchange of address data by

providing “definitive set of core civic location data elements”

Ensure portability of address data

Permit efficient design of software systems

Meet functional needs of call-routing and dispatch

Does not include all elements needed for local address data management

No address ID, no metadata, no data quality checks

Purposes of CLDXF

Map a profile between IETF (internet engineering task force) PIDF-LO and NENA

PIDF - Presence Information Data Format “hello, it’s me and I’m waiting for an answer”

LO - Location Object “this is exactly where I am” coordinate location or civic address

CLDXF is the United States profile of IETF PIDF-LO, and it uses the PIDF-LO XML (Extensible Markup Language) schema, extended to include US-specific elements

Purposes of CLDXF Map elements to FGDC address standard

FGDC - Federal Geographic Data Committee

United States Thoroughfare, Landmark, & Postal Address Data

Standard

Sponsored by NENA and URISA, managed by Census

Over 10 years in development

More complex than CLDXF

Provide illustrative examples of parsing

There’s a lot of weird addresses out there!!

Why address standard is so important A standard allows for automated matching between many

different address lists & mapping sources

ALI database (9-1-1) may not provide a complete list

Field data collection Local

updates

Commercial data provider

Voter List

Utilities ALI DB

Tax List

US Census

LocalParcels

address standard

tabular

geographic

How is CLDXF different from other standards?

No abbreviations

except State and Country

More levels of geography

Municipalities, communities, neighborhoods

Boundaries matter!

Complete parsing of street names

Fixes deficiencies in existing telco and USPS formats

How is CLDXF different?

Covers all possible numbering schemes

Number prefix, number, number suffix

Provides structure for subaddress information

Supports precision in address down to room & seat

CLDXF contents S1: executive overview S2: introduction S3: civic location address data elements S4: NENA registry system consideration S5: references S6: previous acknowledgements A: FGDC-NENA profile B: cross-ref of CLDXF-PIDFLO-FGDC

elements C: examples of address parsing

CLDXF element description CLDXF name and PIDF-LO name Definition Definition source Examples Data type Domain of values Mandatory/Conditional/Optional Minimum, maximum number of

occurrences Notes

CLDXF element groups

Country, State, and Place Name

Street Name

Address Number

Landmark Name

Subaddress

Address Descriptor

Country, State, and Place NamesThe easy ones – large geographies, well-defined legal status Country Name / Country – mandatory

two-letter ISO code State Name / State – mandatory

two-letter USPS code Place Name / County - mandatory

The name of county or county-equivalent where the address is located.

Addresses and boundaries “…where the address is located.”

All these structures are located in Cambridge but addressed in Belmont.

You can’t list an address for Grove Street in Cambridge – because this Grove Street is not in Cambridge and there very well might be another Grove Street that is

CAM

BRID

GE

BELM

ON

T

Gro

ve S

treet

Addresses and boundaries “…where the address is located.”

In which municipality is this address located?

Parts of Street Name Street Name Pre Modifier Street Name Pre Directional Street Name Pre Type Street Name Pre Type Separator Street Name Street Name Post Type Street Name Post Directional Street Name Post Modifier

Familiar elements

No abbreviationsExample: “N JOHNSON TR”

Is it “NORTH JOHNSON TRAIL”or “NEIL JOHNSON TERRACE”

Domains for Pre/Post Types at http://technet.nena.org/nrs/registry/_registries.xml

pre directional pre type street name post type post directionalMAIN STREETBROADWAY

NORTH FAIRFAX DRIVEROUTE 7

SEVENTH STREET EASTAVENUE C NORTH

A Few Twists on Familiar Elements

Two types

Multiword types

Local Knowledge Required

pre directional pre type street name post type post directionalWARREN STREET COURT

NORTH 10TH STREET EXTENSION

pre directional pre type street name post type post directionalSTADIUM ACCESS ROAD

INTERSTATE HIGHWAY 95

pre directional pre type street name post type post directionalEAST BRIDGEWATER ROAD

EAST BRIDGEWATER ROADNORTH STAR ROAD

NORTH STAR ROADBYRON LANE ROADBYRON LANE ROAD

Not-so-familiar elements

Modifiers Separated from name, not a type word or phrase

Separated from name, before or after directional

pre modifier pre directional pre type street name post type post directional post modifierARNOLD AVENUE BYPASSARNOLD AVENUE EXTENDEDSOUTH SHORE MALL ACCESS ROAD NUMBER 1

ALTERNATE ROUTE 8THE MANOR LANE

THE MANOR LANE

pre modifier pre directional pre type street name post type post directional post modifierMARKET STREET NORTH EXTENSIONMAIN STREET

NORTH MAIN STREETOLD NORTH MAIN STREET

Not-so-familiar elements (continued)

Street Name Pre Type Separator Added to match FGDC Separator Element Preposition or prepositional phrase that

“separates” pre type from name

‘northbound’ and ‘southbound’ modifiers

pre-type pre-type separator street nameROAD TO THE RIVERAVENUE OF THE AMERICAS

pre-directional pre-type street name post-type post-directional post-modifierINTERSTATE HIGHWAY 95 southbound

NORTH MARKET STREETMARSHALL AVENUE SOUTH

Address Number What is an address number?

Ideally, the number part indicates a location in sequence along a road, respecting parity

At a minimum, the full address number uniquely identifies one of the following

a site or a group of structures a single structure a part of a structure or some other location like an undeveloped parcel

with reference to a named street

Address number prefix

Address number (integer)

Address number suffi x

Address Number – further thoughts

Unfortunately, address numbers are often used to encode other kinds of information: Sector

Cross street or block

Building, Floor, Unit

Decoding the pattern may be useful Splitting the full number into prefix, number

and suffix should preserve the sequence information, if any

Zero should NOT be used to indicate no address number

Weirdo numbering sample number parsing – odd cases Complete Address Number

Address Number prefix

Address Number

Address Number suffi x Note

A21 A 2112B 12 B typical two family or infill12.5 12 1/2 also common for infill12.5 12 .5 due to field type constraints

B4-01 B 4 -01 building, floor, unit194-23 1/2 194- 23 1/2 Queens, NY (block number)

0123 0 123 Portland, OR

Weirdo numbering

“0”: In Portland, OR, negative Address Numbers have been assigned in an area along the west bank of the Willamette River. By local practice, the minus sign is represented as a leading zero. ("0123 South Whitaker" and "123 South Whitaker" would be two completely different addresses). The leading zero must be treated as an Address Number Prefix.

Landmarks and landmark parts Landmark: “Name by which a prominent feature

is publicly known”

Landmark part added by CLDXF as extension of PIDF-LO. Usually involves a geographic hierarchy.

Landmark part is a repeating tag, so doesn’t neatly translate to fields

Order is not specified, (e.g. smallest -> largest) parts concatenated with spaces

Landmark Name Part (LMKP) Landmark Name Part (LMKP) Landmark (LMK)Statue of Liberty Statue of Liberty Winona Park Elementary School Winona Park Elementary School Yosemite National Park Camp Curry Yosemite National Park Camp CurryUniversity of South Florida Sun Dome Arena University of South Florida Sun Dome Arena Reed College Eliot Hall Reed College Eliot Hall

One way to manage landmark parts

If you are managing “sites” as a separate geographic layer, with sub-sites and named buildings mapped:

When is a something “a prominent feature, publicly known”?

When is something a building and when is it a landmark?

Note: a landmark is a complete, valid address

Site (landmark part) sub-site (landmark part) building (landmark part)Beth Israel Hospital East Campus Lamont BuildingSt. John's College Meecham LibraryWisteria Lake Boat RampGeneral Electric Plant Maintenance Shed

Subaddress elements

In USPS or ALI database, typically unstructured info

CLDXF provides hierarchy of building, floor, unit

FGDC allows for flexibility in typing subaddress components; CLDXF suggests type word included

BuildingFloorUnitRoomSeatAdditional Location Information

Subaddress examples

Building Addl. Location Information

Floor Unit Room Seat Notes

Building 4 Suite 10Wing 7

Floor 6Corridor Zero

Apartment 2DMezzanine Room 450F

PenthouseBasement (FLOOR)

Basement (UNIT)Terminal A Gate C27

4th floor Empire RoomCorridor F Floor 3 Cubicle 23

Subaddress issues Not always clear what goes into “building” v.

“landmark” “generic” identifiers, like numbers or letters, go

into building field, whereas names go into landmark field, but “publicly known?”

Many ways “building,” “floor” or “unit” can be represented or abbreviated in inputs

Identifiers can be encoded into unit field – this may be an area for content standards “#5” “Apt. 5” “Unit 5” “No. 5” all refer to Unit 5

“7B” “A-5C” “B12” all contain reference to building or floor as well as unit

One last element

Not part of the address, but an attribute IETF Location Types Registry (user community

maintained):

http://www.iana.org/assignments/location-type-registry/location-type-

registry.xml

Address Feature Type / Place Type

airport A place from which aircraft operate, such as an airport or heliport.

arena Enclosed area used for sports events.

bank Business establishment in which money is kept for saving or commercial purposes or is invested, supplied for loans, or exchanged.

bar A bar or saloon.

Civic Location Data eXchange Format (CLDXF)

https://www.nena.org/?NG911CLDXF