Civics Activity 2

Solution

Jamestown: 32

Jamestown was the first successful English colony.

Self-Governing Colonies: 34

Self governing colonies were allowed to manage their own affairs with some supervision by an official.

Indentured Servants: 33

Indentured servants agreed to work for a landowner for four to seven years in return for passage to America, food and housing.

Triangular Trade Route: 33

The course of slave trade between Europe, West Africa, and North America and the West Indies.

Triangular Trade Routes

Middle Passage: 33

The second part of the triangle trade route, was the voyage that Africans had to endure across the Atlantic into slavery.

Bacon’s Rebellion: 35

This conflict was a clash between William Berkley, the British Royal Governor and Nathaniel Bacon. It was caused by a belief that the colonists had rights to Native American land, high taxes, declining tobacco prices, and a VERY bad growing season.

Religious Dissenters: 32

These were people who did not agree with the beliefs or teachings of the Church of England.

Salem Witch Trials: 35

Persons who strayed from the dominant church’s teachings were punished. Nineteen people were hung as witches.

Town Meetings: 34

In New England, residents in the towns would hold town meetings one of the earliest forms of democracy in the American colonies. They made decisions on laws, policy, and other actions decided by popular vote.

What is “popular vote”?

Suffrage: 35

This is the right to vote.

Pilgrims

Arrive in 1620 on the Mayflower Found the Plymouth Colony Separated from Church of England Never prosecuted anyone for witchcraft Approx ½ of the 102 members died the first

year Mayflower compact established a direct

democracy

Mayflower Compact

We, . . . Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience.

—Mayflower Compact, 1620 http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/medieval/magframe.htm

Puritans

Arrived in 1630 Formed the Massachusetts Bay Colony Remained members of the Church of

England, but wanted a more “PURE” version Prosecuted and executed people for

witchcraft Founded Boston

Quakers

1682 Pennsylvania, founded by William Penn They practiced religious tolerance The colony was diverse in religion and

nationalities. Colonists in Pennsylvania came from several

European countries

Catholics

1634 Maryland Maryland’s Religious Toleration Act Early example of the separation of church

and state It allowed different forms of worship, religious

tolerance, within Maryland.

Republic

Representative democracy Constitutional republic Concepts of Social Contract theory and

Popular Sovereignty (consent of the governed)

Citizens elect representatives

Mayflower Compact

Foundation of laws in the Plymouth colony It was a written plan for government It is a Social Contract… Why? A compact is an agreement or contract

among a group of people Establish a direct democracy This created a tradition throughout all of the

New England colonies.

House of Burgesses

Established in Virginia First representative governing body in the

colonies What is a representative governing body? Based on the British Parliament model

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

Connecticut was formed by persons being persecuted for their religious beliefs, who fled Massachusetts.

Fundamental Orders: 1639 in Connecticut Established the basis for political and legal

system in that colony Representative democracy… Separation of church and state Popular election of the governor and judges

Magna Carta / Great Charter

Limited government In 1215 it limited the power of the king by

granting liberties to certain subjects (nobles) Fair Trial Due process of law: you can’t have your

property taken without a court ruling Source of British common law: law based on

custom and court decision. No one was above the law… even the king

English Bill of Rights

Drawn up in 1689 it further restricted the monarch’s power in England.

Gave these rights to ALL British citizens Guaranteed free elections to parliament Right to a fair trail, by jury of equals Freedom of speech Elimination of cruel and unusual punishment Promoted John Locke’s natural rights Foundation for the ideas in the U.S. constitution

REVIEW

What was the first permanent English colony in the Americas?

What is the difference between an indentured servant and a slave?

What were the three points of the triangle trade route?

What was the middle passage?

What was the significance of Bacon’s Rebellion?

What was the ideology of Religious Dissenters?

What is a Republic?

What were the differences between the Pilgrims and the Puritans?

Write a 3-5 sentence paragraph for each of the following explaining what each one did. Magna Carta English bill of Rights Fundamental orders of Connecticut Mayflower Compact House of Burgesses