civil law.docx

7/24/2019 Civil Law.docx

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Civil Law Property

AUG 9

Posted by MagzTitle I PROPERTY

Classifiatio! "aor#i!g to $o%ility&'

1. Immovable real property

2. Movable personal property

Re()isites'

1. Utility

2. Individuality/Substantivity

3. Susceptibility of appropriation

Real Rig*ts

1. no passive subject claim aainst !"ole !orld

2. object is corporeal t"in #obliation$

3. creates juridical relations t"rou" mode % title

&. e'tinuis"ed t"rou" loss or destruction of t"in

Perso!al Rig*ts

1. Passive and active subject

2. (bject is an intanible t"in #specific t"in$

3. )reates juridical relations t"rou" title

&. *ot e'tinuis"ed t"rou" loss or destruction of t"in

I$$ova%le property

1. By nature cannot be moved from place to place because of t"eir nature

a$ land+ buildins % all ,inds of constructions ad"ered to soil

b$ mine+ -uarries

2. By incorporation essentially movables but attac"ed to an immovable t"at it becomes an

interal part of it

trees+ plants % ro!in fruits ad"ered to soil

everyt"in attac"ed to an immovable t"at it !ill brea, if separated

statues+ paintins if intended by o!ner to be interal part of immovable

animal "ouses if intended by o!ner to become permanently attac"ed to immovable

3. By destination movables but purpose is to parta,e of an interal part of an immovable

mac"inery placed by o!ner of t"e tenement % tend directly to meet t"e needs of suc"

!or,s/industry

fertiliers !"en applied to soil

doc,s % floatin structures

&. By analogy/by law contracts for public !or,s+ servitude % ot"er real ri"ts over immovable

property
https://lawphilreviewer.wordpress.com/2014/08/09/civil-law-property-and-ownership-memory-aid/https://lawphilreviewer.wordpress.com/author/lawphilreviewer/https://lawphilreviewer.wordpress.com/author/lawphilreviewer/https://lawphilreviewer.wordpress.com/2014/08/09/civil-law-property-and-ownership-memory-aid/


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Mova%le property

1. susceptible of appropriation t"at are not included in enumeration in immovable

2. immovable t"at are desinated as movable by special provision of la!

3. forces of nature brou"t under control by science

&. t"ins !/c can be transported !/o impairment of real property !"ere t"ey are fi'ed

. obliations !"ic" involve demandable sums #credits$

0. s"ares of stoc,s of aricultural+ commercial % industrial entities alt"ou" t"ey may "ave real

estate

Classifiatio! of Mova%les

1. consumable cannot be utilied !/o bein consumed

2. nonconsumable

Classifiatio! of Property "aor#i!g to ow!ers*ip&'

1. Public dominion

intended for public use

intended for public service of state+ provinces+ cities % municipalities

)"aracteristics

outside t"e commerce of men cannot be alienated or leased

cannot be ac-uired by private individual t"rou" prescription

not subject to attac"ment % e'ecution

cannot be burdened by voluntary easement

2. Private (!ners"ip

patrimonial property of state+ provinces+ cities+ municipalities

1. e'ist for attainin economic ends of state

2. property of public dominion !"en no loner intended for public use/service declared

patrimonial

property belonin to private persons individually or collectively

Title II O+,ER-.IP

C*apter /' O+,ER-.IP I, GE,ERAL

0efi!itio!s of Ow!ers*ip Independent and eneral ri"t of a person to control a t"in particularly in "is possession+

enjoyment+ disposition+ and recovery+ subject to no restrictions e'cept t"ose imposed by t"e

state or private persons+ !it"out prejudice to t"e provisions of t"e la!.

Po!er of a person over a t"in for purposes reconied by la! % !it"in t"e limits establis"ed

by la! Attri%)tes'

1. 4us possidendi ri"t to possess

2. 4us utendi ri"t to enjoy

3. 4us fruendi ri"t to fruits

&. 4us abutendi ri"t to use and abuse

. 4us disponendi ri"t to dispose

0. 4us vindicandi ri"t to e'clude ot"ers from possession of t"e t"in


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Atio!s for possessio!'

1. movable replevin #return of a movable$

2. immovable

forcible entry used by person deprived of possession t"rou" violence+ intimidation #p"ysical

possession+ 1 year unla!ful deprivation$

unla!ful detainer used by lessor/person "avin leal ri"t over property !"en lessee/person

!it""oldin property refuses to surrender possession of property after e'piration of lease/ri"t

to "old property #p"ysical possession+ 1 year from unla!ful deprivation$

accion publiciana plenary action to recover possession

accion reinvindicatoria recovery of dominion of property as o!ner

5. Principle of self "elp self defense

6lements

Person e'ercisin ri"ts is o!ner or la!ful possessor

7"ere is actual or t"reatened unla!ful p"ysical invasion of "is property

Use force as may be reasonably necessary to repel or prevent it

8vailable only !"en possession "as not yet been lost+ if already lost resort to judicial process

May be e'ercised by 3rdperson negotiorum gestio

9. :i"t to enclose or fence !/o detriment to servitude constituted

;. :i"t to surface % everyt"in under it only as far as necessary for "is practical interest #benefit

or enjoyment$

1 also if in anot"er?s property> t"e

finder must not be trespasser

Li$itatio! o! Ow!ers*ip

1. eneral limitations for t"e benefit of t"e state #eminent domain+ police po!er+ ta'ation$

2. specific limitations imposed by la! #servitude+ easements$

3. specific limitations imposed by party transmittin o!ners"ip #!ill+ contract$

&. limitations imposed by o!ner "imself #voluntary servitude+ mortaes+ pledes$

. in"erent limitations arisin from conflicts !it" ot"er similar ri"ts #contiuity of property$

0. o!ner cannot ma,e use of a t"in !"ic" s"all injure/prejudice ri"ts of 3rdpersons #nei"bors$

5. acts in state of necessity la! permits injury or destruction of t"ins o!ned by anot"er

provided t"is is necessary to avert a reater daner #!it" ri"t to indemnity vs. principle of

unjust enric"ment$

9. true o!ner must resort to judicial process !"en t"in is in possession of anot"er> la! creates

a disputable presumption of o!ners"ip to t"ose in actual possession

identify property

s"o! t"at "e "as better title


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C*apter 1' RIG.T O2 ACCE--IO,

Aessio! o!ner of t"in becomes o!ner of everyt"in it may produce or t"ose !"ic" may be

incorporated or united t"ereto

1. principle of justice

2. accessory follo!s t"e principal

Accession continua accession to products of t"e t"in

Rig*ts of ow!ers natural+ industrial % civil fruits

e'ception possession in ood fait" by anot"er+ usufruct+ lease+ antic"resis

O%ligatio! of ow!ers'

I$$ova%les aretio!

1. 8lluvion o!ner of lands adjoinin ban,s of river belons t"e accretion radually received from

effects of t"e !ater?s current

:e-uisites

1. deposit is radual % imperceptible

2. made t"rou" effects of current of !ater

3. land !"ere accretion ta,es place is adjacent to ban,s of river

:i"ts of riparian o!ner

:i"t to accretion ipso facto no need to ma,e an e'press act of possession

2. 8vulsion transfer of a ,no!n portion of land from one tenement to anot"er by force of

current of !aters

:i"ts of riparian o!ner

:i"t to portion of land transferred if not claimed by o!ner !it"in 2 years #prescription$ :i"t to trees uprooted if not claimed by o!ner !/in 0 mont"s> subject to reimbursement for

necessary e'penses for at"erin t"em % puttin t"em in safe place

3. )"ane of river bed

:i"t of o!ner of land occupied by ne! river course

1. :i"t to old bed ipso facto in proportion to area lost

2. (!ner of adjoinin land to old bed s"all "ave ri"t to ac-uire t"e same by payin its value

value not to e'ceed t"e value of area occupied by ne! bed

3. @ormation of island in nonnaviable river

o!ner of marin nearest to islands formed if nearest to it o!ner of bot" marins if island is in t"e middle #divided into "alves lonitudinally$

&. buildin+ plantin % so!in

Aeneral :ule !"atever is built+ planted or so!n belons to o!ner of land> presumption is

o!ner made t"em at "is e'pense

6'ception contrary is proven

:i"t of o!ner of material


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1. :i"t to be indemnified or paid of value of property by o!ner of land

2. :i"t to remove materials if "e can do so !/o injury to !or, constructed if o!ner "as not paid

3. :i"t to damaes and demolition even if !it" injury to !or, if o!ner of land is in bad fait"

:i"t of o!ner !"en anot"er builds+ plants or so!s in "is land #(B*6: % CUIDE6: C(7F I*

A((E @8I7F$

1. 8ppropriate as "is o!n after payin for indemnity

2. (blie t"e planter+ builder to pay for price of land or rent+ e'cept !"en value of lands is

reater t"an t"in built convert to rent

:i"t of Cuilder in ood fait" before payment of indemnity of o!ner in ood fait"

1. :i"t to retain land % buildin

2. :i"t not to be compelled to pay for rent

3. :i"t of retention ceases !"en oblied to pay for value of and if "e fails to do so

:i"t of o!ner in ood fait" !"en builder is in bad fait"

1. :i"t to appropriate !"at "as been built !/o payin indemnity

2. (rder demolition of buildin

3. )ompel t"e builder to pay for price of land or rent&. :i"t to damaes

:i"t of builder in bad fait" !"en o!ner is in ood fait"

:i"t to be reimbursed for necessary e'penses for preservation of land

:i"t of Cuilder in ood fait" !"en o!ner is in bad fait"

1. :i"t to indemnity for value of buildin

2. :i"t to damaes

3. :i"t to demolis" !/o payment of indemnity

Cad fait" on bot" builder % o!ner in pari delicto #no cause of action vs. eac" ot"er$

:i"t of 3rd

person !"o o!ns materials1. :i"t to be indemnified for value of materials irrespective of ood fait" or bad fait" of builder

or o!ner> if builder "as no property+ o!ner is subsidiarily liable

2. B"en builder is in bad fait" % o!ner in ood fait" % o!ner compel builder to remove

improvements+ o!ner is not subsidiarily liable

3. B"en 3rdperson is paid by builder+ builder may demand from lando!ner t"e value of labor %

materials

%& Mova%les

1. )onjunction / adjunction 2 movable t"ins !"ic" belon to different o!ners are united to

form a sinle object

7est to determine !/c one is t"e principal

1. t"at to !/c t"e ot"er intended to be united as ornament or for its use of perfection

2. value

3. volume

:i"ts

1. If bot" are in ood fait" o!ner of principal ac-uired t"e accessory !it" indemnification


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2. If bot" are in ood fait" may separate t"em if no injury !ill be caused> if value of accessory is

reater t"an principal+ o!ner of accessory may demand separation even if damaes !ill be

caused to t"e principal #e'penses to be borne by one !"o caused t"e conjunction$

3. If o!ner of accessory is in bad fait" o!ner of accessory !it" damaes to principal

&. If o!ner of principal is in bad fait" o!ner of accessory s"all "ave option of principal payin

value of accessory or removal of accessory despite destruction of principal

. (!ner of accessory or principal "as ri"t to indemnity !"en t"in adjuncts !/o "is consent

may demand t"at a t"in e-ual is ,ind+ value and price

2. Specification (ne employs t"e materials of anot"er in !"ole or in part on order to ma,e a

t"in of a different ,ind> transformation

:i"ts

1. If person !"o made t"e transformation is in ood fait" "e s"all appropriate t"e t"in

transformed as "is o!n !it" indemnity to o!ner of material for its value

2. If material is more precious t"an transformed t"in o!ner of material may appropriate t"e

ne! t"in to "imself after indemnity paid to labor or demand indemnity for materials

3. If person !"o made t"e transformation is in bad fait"+ o!ner of material s"all appropriate t"e!or, to "imself !/o payin ma,er or demand indemnity for value of materials % damaes

&. If transformed t"in is more valuable t"an material+ o!ner of material cannot appropriate

3. )ommi'tion / confusion 2 t"ins of t"e same or different ,inds are mi'ed % are not separable

!/o injury

:i"ts

1. If bot" o!ners are in ood fait" 6ac" o!ner s"all ac-uire a ri"t proportional to t"e part

belonin to "im #visavis t"e value of t"e t"ins mi'ed or confused$

2. If one o!ner is in bad fait" "e s"all lose t"e t"in belonin to "im plus indemnity for

damaes caused to o!ner of ot"er t"in mi'ed !it" "is t"in

3. If bot" in bad fait" no cause of action aainst eac" ot"er

)"apter 3 GUI67I*A (@ 7I7D6

Reaso!s'

1. prevent litiation

2. protect true title % possession

3. real interest of bot" parties !"ic" re-uires t"at precise state of title be ,no!n

Atio! to ()iet title

put end to ve'atious litiation in respect to property involved> plaintiff asserts "is o!n estate

% enerally declares t"at defendant?s claim is !/o foundation

!"en proper

1. contract "as been e'tinuis"ed or terminated

2. contract "as prescribed

3. remove cloud

Atio! to re$ove lo)#

intended to procure cancellation+ delivery+ release of an instrument+ encumbrance+ or claim

constitutin a on plaintiff?s title !"ic" may be used to injure or ve' "im in t"e enjoyment of "is

title

)loud any instrument !"ic" is inoperative but "as semblance of title


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5. :i"t to ma,e repairs for preservation of t"ins can be made at !ill of one coo!ner> receive

reimbursement t"erefrom> notice of necessity of suc" repairs must be iven to coo!ners+ if

practicable

9. :i"t to full o!ners"ip of "is part and fruits

;. :i"t to alienate+ assin or mortae o!n part> e'cept personal ri"ts li,e ri"t to use and

"abitation

1 stipulation to contrary is void

2. Pay necessary e'penses and ta'es may be e'ercised by only one coo!ner

3. Pay useful and lu'urious e'penses if determined by majority&. Euty to obtain consent of all if t"in is to be altered even if beneficial> resort to court if non

consent is manifestly prejudicial

. Euty to obtain consent of majority !it" reards to administration and better enjoyment of t"e

t"in> controllin interest> court intervention if prejudicial appointment of administrator

0. *o prescription to run in favor coo!ner as lon as "e reconies t"e coo!ners"ip> re-uisites

for ac-uisition t"rou" prescription

1. "e "as repudiated t"rou" une-uivocal acts

2. suc" act of repudiation is made ,no!n to ot"er coo!ners

3. evidence must be clear and convincin

1. )oo!ners cannot as, for p"ysical division if it !ould render t"in unserviceable> but can

terminate coo!ners"ip

2. 8fter partition+ duty to render mutual accountin of benefits and reimbursements for e'penses

3. 6very coo!ner liable for defects of title and -uality of portion assined to eac" of t"e co

o!ner

Rig*ts of 5r#parties

1. creditors of assinees may ta,e part in division and object if bein effected !it"out t"eir

concurrence+ but cannot impun unless t"ere is fraud or made not!it"standin t"eir formal

opposition

2. nonintervenors retain ri"ts of mortae and servitude and ot"er real ri"ts and personal

ri"ts belonin to t"em before partition !as made.

Title 6 PO--E--IO,

Possessio! "oldin of a t"in or enjoyment of a ri"t

1. occupancy actual or constructive #corpus$

2. intent to possess #animus$

.ow a()ire#'


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1. material occupation possession as a fact

1. p"ysical

2. constructive tradicion brevi manu #one !"o possess a t"in s"ort of title of o!ner

lease $>

tradicion constitutum possesorium #o!ner alienates t"in but continues to possess depositary+

pledee+ tenant$

cannot be reconied at t"e same time in 2 different personalities e'cept copossession

-uestion arise reardin fact of possession

1. present possessor preferred

2. 2 possessors one loner in possession

3. dates of possession t"e same one !"o presents a title

&. bot" "ave titles judicial resolution

1. subject to action of our !ill possession as a ri"t

1. tradicion simbolica deliverin object or symbol of placin t"in under control of

transferee #,eys$

2. tradicion longa manu pointin out to transferee t"e t"ins !"ic" are beintransferred

1. proper acts and leal formalities establis"ed for ac-uirin ri"ts donation+ sale

+*at a! %e s)%7et of possessio! t"ins or ri"ts !"ic" are susceptible of bein

appropriated

0egrees of possessio!'

1. "oldin !/o title and in violation of ri"t of o!ner

2. possession !it" juridical title but not t"at of o!ner

3. possession !it" just title but not from true o!ner

&. possession !it" just title from true o!ner

Classes of ow!ers*ip'

1. in concept of o!ner o!ner "imself or adverse possessor

6ffects

1. may be converted into o!ners"ip t"rou" ac-uisitive prescription

2. brin actions necessary to protect possession

3. as, for inscription of possession

&. demand fruits and damaes from one unla!fully detainin property

1. in concept of "older usufruct+ lessee+ bailee

2. in oneself personal ac-uisition

1. "e must "ave capacity to ac-uire possession2. intent to possess

3. possibility to ac-uire possession

1. in name of anot"er aent> subject to aut"ority and ratification if not aut"oried> negotiorum

gestio

1. representative "as intention to ac-uire for anot"er and not for "imself

2. person from !"om it is ac-uired "as intention of possessin it


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1. in ood fait" not a!are t"at t"ere e'ist fla! in title or mode !/c invalidates it> mista,e upon

doubtful -uestion of la!> al!ays presumed> it may be interrupted by e'traneous evidence or

suit for recovery of property of true o!ner

2. in bad fait" a!are of defect

Possessio! t*ro)g* s)essio!

1. possession of "ereditary property is deemed transmitted !/o interruption from moment of

deat" # if accepted$ and if not accepted # deemed never to "ave possessed t"e same $

2. one !"o succeeds by "ereditary title s"all not tac, t"e bad fait" of predecessors in interest

e'cept !"en "e is a!are of fla!s affectin title> but effects of possession in ood fait" s"all not

benefit "im e'cept from date of deat" of decedent.

Mi!ors4 I!apaitate#

may ac-uire material possession but not ri"t to possession> may only ac-uire t"em t"rou"

uardian or leal representatives

A()isitio!

1. cannot be ac-uired t"rou" force or intimidation !"en a possessor objects t"ereto resort to

courts

2. t"e follo!in do not affect acts of possession # not deemed abandonment of ri"ts $> possession

not interrupted

1. acts merely tolerated

2. clandestine and un,no!n acts

3. acts of violence

Rig*ts of possessor'

1. :i"t to be respected in "is possession> if disturbed protected by means establis"ed by la!>

spoliation

2. Possession ac-uired and enjoyed in concept of o!ner can serve as title for ac-uisitiveprescription

1. Possession "as to be in concept of o!ner+ public+ peaceful and uninterrupted

2. 7itle s"ort of o!ners"ip

3. Person in concept of o!ner "as in "is favor t"e leal presumption of just title #prima facie$

&. Possession of real property presumes t"at movables are included

. )opossessors deemed to "ave e'clusively possessed part !"ic" may be allotted to "im>

interruption in !"ole or in part s"all be to t"e prejudice of all

0. Possessor in ood fait" entitled to fruits received before possession is leally interrupted

# natural and industrial at"ered or severed> civil accrue daily $

5. Possessor in ood fait" entitled to part of net "arvest and part of e'penses of cultivation if

t"ere are natural or industrial fruits # proportionate to time of possession $> o!ner "as option to

re-uire possessor to finis" cultivation and at"erin of fruits and ive net proceeds as indemnity

for "is part of e'penses> if possessor in ood fait" refuses barred from indemnification in ot"er

manner

9. Possessor "as ri"t to be indemnified for necessary e'penses !"et"er in ood fait" or in bad

fait"> Possessor in ood fait" "as ri"t of retention over t"in unless necessary e'penses paid by

o!ner


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;. Possessor in ood fait" "as ri"t to be reimbursed for useful e'penses !it" ri"t of retention>

o!ner "as option of payin e'penses or payin t"e increase in value of property !"ic" t"in

ac-uired by reason of useful e'penses

1 domesticated possessed if t"ey retain "abit of

returnin bac, "ome

1&. (ne !"o recovers+ accordin to la!+ possession unjustly lost is deemed to "ave enjoyed it !/o

interruption

Lia%ilities4#)ties of Possessor

1. :eturn of fruits if in bad fait" fruits leitimate possessor could "ave received2. Cear cost of litiation

3. Possessor in ood fait" not liable for loss or deterioration or loss e'cept !"en fraud and

nelience intervened

&. Possessor in bad fait" liable for loss or deterioration even if caused by fortuitous event

. Person !"o recovers possession not oblied to pay for improvements !"ic" "ave ceased to e'ist

at time of occupation

Loss of possessio!'

1. abandonment of t"e t"in renunciation of ri"t> intent to lose t"e t"in

2. assinment made to anot"er by onerous or ratuitous title

3. destruction or total loss of t"e t"in or t"in !ent out of commerce

&. possession of anot"er if ne! possession lasted loner t"at 1 year # possession as a fact$> real

ri"t of possession not lost e'cept after 1< years

,ot lost'

1. Unla!fully deprived or lost

2. 8c-uired at public sale in ood fait" !it" reimbursement

3. Provision of la! enablin t"e apparent o!ner to dispose as if "e is o!ner

&. Sale under order of t"e court

. Purc"ases made at merc"ant stores+ fairs or mar,ets

0. *eotiable document of title

1. 6ven for time bein "e may not ,no! t"eir !"ereabouts+ possession of movable is not deemed

lost2. B"en aent encumbered property !it"out e'press aut"ority e'cept !"en ratified

3. Possession may still be recovered

Possessio! is e()ivale!t to title

1. possession is in ood fait"

2. o!ner "as voluntarily parted !it" t"e possession of t"e t"in

1. possessor is in concept of an o!ner

Title 6I U-U2RUCT


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Us)fr)t ri"t to enjoy anot"er?s property !it" correlative duty of preservin its form and

substance

1. t"ins movable/immovable

2. ri"ts provided it is not strictly personal

8i!#s'

1. leal parents over c"ildren

2. voluntary contracts+ !ills

3. mi'ed prescription

&. total

. partial

0. simultaneous

5. successive

9. pure

;. conditional

1 but is coterminus !it" term of

usufruct> fruits proportionate at duration of usufruct> but can?t do acts of o!ners"ip suc" as

alienation or conveyance e'cept !"en property is

&. consumable

. intended for sale

0. appraised !"en delivered> if not appraised % consumable return same -uality (mutuum)

5. :i"t not e'empt from e'ecution and can be sold at public auction by o!ner

9. *a,ed o!ner still "ave ri"ts but !/o prejudice to usufructuary> may still e'ercise act of

o!ners"ip brin action to preserve

;. :i"t to fruits ro!in at time usufruct beins> ro!in fruits at termination of usufruct

belons to o!ner

1


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19. :i"t to setoff improvements aainst damaes "e made aainst t"e property

1;. :i"t to administer !"en property is coo!ned> if coo!ners"ip cease usufruct of part

allotted to coo!ner belons to usufructuary not affected

2 e'cept !"en t"ere is fraud or nelience+ t"en "e s"all be liable3. Cefore enterin into usufructuary

*otice of inventory of property #appraisal of movables % description$

Postin of security

1. not applicable to parents !"o are usufructuary of c"ildren e'cept !"en 2ndmarriae contracted

2. e'cused allo!ed by o!ner+ not re-uired by la! or no one !ill be injured

failure to ive security o!ner may demand t"at

1. immovables be placed under administration

2. *I can be converted into reistered certificates or deposited in ban,

3. )apital % proceeds of sale of movables be invested in safe securities

&. Interest on proceeds or property under admin belon to usufructuary

. (!ner may retain property as administrator !/ obliation to deliver fruits to usufructuary until

"e ives sufficient security

0. 6ffect of security is retroactive to day "e is entitled to fruits

&. 7a,e care of property as a ood fat"er of family

. Diable for nelience % fault of person !"o substitute "im

0. If usufruct is constituted on animals duty bound to replace dead animals t"at die from natural

causes or became prey> if all of t"em peris" !/o fault but due to contaious disease /

uncommon event deliver remains saved> if peris" in part due to accident continue on

remainin portion> if on sterile animals as if funible replace same ,ind % -uality

5. (blied to ma,e ordinary repairs !ear % tear due to natural use of t"in and are

indispensable for preservation> o!ner may ma,e t"em at e'pense of usufructuary durin

e'istence of usufruct

9. (blied to ma,e e'penses due to "is fault> cannot escape by renouncin usufruct

;. Pay leal interest from e'traordinary e'penses made by o!ner

1


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12. (blied to notify o!ner of act of 3rdperson prejudicial to ri"ts of o!ners"ip "e is liable if "e

does not do so for damaes as if it !as caused t"rou" "is o!n fault

13. 6'penses+ cost % liabilities in suits brou"t !it" reard to usufructuary borne by usufructuary

O%ligatio!s of ow!er

1. e'traordinary e'penses> usufructuary oblied to inform o!ner !"en urent is t"e need to ma,e

t"em

2. e'penses after renunciation of usufruct

3. ta'es % e'penses imposed directly on capital

&. if property is mortaed+ usufructuary "as no obliation to pay mortae> if attac"ed+ o!ner to

be liable for !"atever is lost by usufructuary

. if property is e'propriated for public use o!ner oblied to eit"er replace it or pay leal

interest to usufructuary of net proceeds of t"e same

E:ti!g)is*$e!t of )s)fr)t

1. deat" of usufructuary unless contrary intention appears

2. e'piration of period of usufruct

3. merer of usufruct % o!ners"ip&. renunciation of usufructuary e'press

. total loss of t"in

0. termination of ri"t of person constitutin usufruct

5. prescription use by 3rdperson

loss in part remainin part s"all continue to be "eld in usufruct

usufruct cannot be constituted in favor of a to!n+ )orp or assoc. for more t"an < years

usufruct constituted on immovable !"ereby a buildin is erected % buildin is destroyed

ri"t to ma,e use of land % materials

if o!ner !is"es to construct a ne! buildin pay usufructuary t"e value of interest of land %

materials

bot" s"are in insurance if bot" pays premium> if only o!ner t"en proceeds !ill o to o!ner

only

effect if bad use of t"e t"in o!ner may demand t"e delivery of and administration of t"e

t"in !it" responsibility to deliver net fruits to usufructuary

at termination of usufruct

t"in to be delivered to o!ner !it" ri"t of retention for ta'es % e'traordinary e'penses !/c

s"ould be reimbursed

security of mortae s"all be cancelled

;OO8 III< 0I22ERE,T MO0E- O2 AC=UIRI,G O+,ER-.IP

0iffere!t Mo#es of a()iri!g ow!ers*ip'

(ccupation

Eonation

Prescription

Succession

7radition


15/23

M(E6 Pro'imate cause of o!ners"ip # sales+ donation$

7I7D6 :emote cause of o!ners"ip> merely constituted t"e means

())UP87I(*

1. 7"ere s"ould be a corporeal t"in #tanible$ !"ic" must "ave a corpusJ #body$ % t"at t"in

s"ould "ave no o!ner2. 7"ere must be actual occupancy> t"in must be subjected to one?s control/disposition

3. 7"ere must e an intention to occupy

&. 8ccomplis"ed accordin to leal rules

What are the things susceptible to occupation?

t"ins t"at are !/o o!ner res nullius> abandoned

stolen property cannot be subject of occupation

animals t"at are t"e object of "untin % fis"in

,inds of animals

!ild considered res nullius!"en not yet captured> !"en captured

% escaped become res nulliusaain

domesticated animals oriinally !ild but "ave been captured % tamed> no! belon to t"eir

capturer> "as "abit of returnin to premises of o!ner> becomes res nulliusif t"ey lose t"at "abit

of returnin % reain t"eir oriinal state of freedom

domestic/tame animals born % ordinarily raised under t"e care of people> become res

nullius!"en abandoned by o!ner

"idden treasure #only !"en found on t"ins not belonin to anyone$

abandoned movables

A!i$als'

a$ S!arm of bees

o!ner s"all "ave ri"t to pursue t"em to anot"er?s land #o!ner to identify latter for damaes+

if any$

land o!ner s"all occupy/retain t"e bees if after 2 days+ o!ner did not pursue t"e bees

Eomesticated animals

may be redeemed !it"in 2< days from occupation of anot"er person> if no redemption

made+ t"ey s"all pertain to t"e one !"o cau"t t"em

Pieons % fis"

!"en t"ey o to anot"er breedin place+ t"ey s"all be o!ned by t"e ne! o!ner

provided t"ey are not enticed Mova%les'

1$ 7reasure found on anot"er?s property

consist of #1$ money+ precious objects % 2$ "idden % o!ner is un,no!n

findin must be by c"ance in order t"at straner may be entitled to = of t"e treasure

Movable found !/c is not treasure


16/23

must be returned to o!ner

if finder retains t"e t"in found may be c"ared !it" t"eft

if o!ner is un,no!n+ ive to mayor> mayor s"all announce findin of t"e movable for 2 !ee,s

in !ay "e deems best

of o!ner does not appear 0 mont"s after publication+ t"in found s"all be a!arded to finder

if o!ner appears+ "e is oblied to pay 1/1< of value of property to finder as price if movable is peris"able or cannot be ,ept !/o deterioration or !/o e'penses it s"all be sold at

public auction 9 days after t"e publication

What cannot be acquired by occupation

(!ners"ip of a piece of land

because !"en a land is !it"out an o!ner+ it pertains to t"e state

land t"at does not belon to anyone is presumed to be public land

but !"en a property is private and it is abandoned can be object of occupation

PRE-CRIPTIO, mode by !"ic" one ac-uires o!ners"ip and ot"er real ri"ts t"ru lapse of time>

also a means by !"ic" one loses o!ners"ip+ ri"ts % actions> retroactive from t"e moment period

bean to run

8i!#s'

1. 8c-uisitive

1. 6'tinctive

Who may acquire by prescription:

1. person !"o are capable of ac-uirin property by ot"er leal modes

2. S7876

3. minors t"rou" uardians of personally 8ainst !"om prescription run

1. minors % incapacitated person !"o "ave uardians

2. absentees !"o "ave administrators

3. persons livin abroad !"o "ave administrators

&. juridical persons e'cept t"e state !it" reards to property not patrimonial in c"aracter

. bet!een "usbands % !ife

0. bet!een parents % c"ildren #durin minority/insanity$

5. bet!een uardian % !ard #durin uardians"ip$

9. bet!een co"eirs/coo!ners

;. bet!een o!ner of property % person in possession of property in concept of "older

7"ins subject to prescription all t"ins !it"in t"e commerce of men

1. private property

2. patrimonial property of t"e state

7"ins not subject to prescription

1. public domain

2. in transmissible ri"ts

3. movables possessed t"rou" a crime


17/23

&. reistered land

:enunciation of prescription

persons !it" capacity to alienate may renounce prescription already obtained but not t"e ri"t

to prescribe in t"e future

may be e'press or tacit

prescription is deemed to "ave been tacitly renounced> renunciation results from t"e acts !/c

imply abandonment of ri"t ac-uired

creditors % persons interested in ma,in prescription effective may avail t"emselves

not!it"standin e'press or tacit renunciation

P:6S):IP7I(* (@ (B*6:SFIP % (7F6: :68D :IAF7S

Kinds of 8c-uisitive prescription

1. ordinary

2. e'traordinary

:e-uisites for ordinary prescription

1. possession in ood fait"

2. just title

3. !it"in time fi'ed by la!

& years for movables

9 years for immovables

&. in concept of an o!ner

. public+ peaceful+ uninterrupted

:e-uisites for e'traordinary prescription

1. just title is proved

2. !it"in time fi'ed by la!

1< years for movables

3< years for immovables3. in concept of an o!ner

&. public+ peaceful+ uninterrupted

A((E @8I7F

:easonable belief t"at person !"o transferred t"in is t"e o!ner % could validly transmit

o!ners"ip

Must e'ist t"rou"out t"e entire period re-uired for prescription

4US7 7I7D6 #7:U6 % L8DIE$ must be proved % never presumed

Titulo Colorado

Titulo putativo

title must be one !"ic" !ould "ave been sufficient to transfer o!ners"ip if rantor "ad been

t"e o!ner

t"rou" one of t"e modes of transferrin o!ners"ip but t"ere is vice/defect in capacity of

rantor to transmit o!ners"ip

I* )(*)6P7 (@ (B*6:

possession not by mere tolerance of o!ner but adverse to t"at of t"e o!ner

claim t"at "e o!ns t"e property

PUCDI)+ P68)6@UD % U*I*76::UP76E


18/23

Must be ,no!n to t"e o!ner of t"e t"in

8c-uired % maintained !/o violence

Uninterrupted #no act of deprivation by ot"ers$ in t"e enjoyment of property

I*76::UP7I(*

*atural

t"rou" any cause+ possession ceases for more t"an 1 year if 1 year of less as if no interruption

civil

produced by judicial summons> e'cept

1. void for lac, of leal solemnities

2. plaintiff desist from complaint/allo! proceedins to lapse

3. possessor is absolved from complaint

e'press or tacit renunciation

possession in !artime

:UD6S I* )(MPU787I(* (@ P6:I(E

1. Present possessor may tac, "is possession to t"at of "is rantor or predecessor in interest2. Present possessor presumed to be in continuous possession I intervenin time unless contrary is

proved

3. @irst day e'cluded+ last day included

78)KI*A P6:I(E

t"ere must be privity bet!een previous % present possessor

possible !"en t"ere is succession of ri"ts

if c"aracter of possession different

predecessor in bad fait" possessor in ood fait" use e'traordinary prescription

P:6S):IP7I(* (@ 8)7I(*S

Cy lapse of time fi'ed by la! 5> years

action over immovables from time possession is lost

/> years

mortae action

upon !ritten contract

upon obliation created by la!

upon a judement

? years

action to recover movables from time possession is lost

@ years

upon an oral contract

upon a -uasicontract

years

actions !"ere periods are not fi'ed by la!

B years

upon injury to ri"ts of plaintiff

upon a -uasidelict


19/23

/ year

for forcible entry % detainer

for defamation

:i"ts not e'tinuis"ed by prescription

1. demand ri"t of !ay

2. abate public /private nuisance

3. declare contract void

&. recover property subject to e'pressed trust

. probate of a !ill

0. -uiet title

C*arateristis of 0O,ATIO,'

Unilateral obliation imposed on t"e donor

)onsensual perfected at time donor ,no!s of acceptance

:e-uisites of Eonation

1. :eduction in patrimony of donor

2. Increase in patrimony of donee3. Intent to do act of liberality

&. Eonor must be o!ner of property donated

:e-uirements of a donation

1. subject matter anyt"in of value> present property % not future+ must not impair leitime

2. causa anyt"in to support a consideration enerosity+ c"arity+ ood!ill+ past service+ debt

3. capacity to donate % dispose % accept donation

&. form depends on value of donation

Kinds of Eonation accordin to 6ffectivity

Donation Inter Vivos Donation Mortis Causa

Disposition and acceptance to take effectduring lifetime of donor and donee

Disposition happens upon the death ofdonor

Already pertains to the donee unless there

is a contrary intent

Even if there is a term of effectivity and

effectivity is upon the death of the donor,

still entitled to fruits

Formalities required follo! la! on

donations and certain kinds of donations

" la! on o#ligations and contracts$suppletory%

Formalities required follo! la! on

succession to #e valid, and donation must#e in the form of a !ill

Irrevoca#le at the instance of the donor&may #e revoked only #y reasons provided

#y la!

'evoca#le ad mutuum $e(clusive !ill of

donor%

'evoked only for reasons provided for #y

la! $e(cept onerous donations%

Aepta!e

acceptance must be made personally or t"ru aent


20/23

donation may be made orally or in !ritin

movable

+


21/23

8ll persons !"o may contract and dispose of t"eir property

B"o may accept donations

1. natural % juridical persons !/c are not especially dis-ualified by la!

2. minors % ot"er incapacitated

a$ by t"emselves

if pure % simple donation

if it does not re-uire !ritten acceptance

b$ by uardian+ leal representatives if needs !ritten acceptance

1. natural uardian not more t"an


22/23

E(UCD6 E(*87I(*S

:ule Priority in time+ priority in ri"t

1. If movable one !"o first ta,e possession in ood fait"

2. If immovable one !"o recorded in reistry of property in ood fait"

no inscription+ one !"o first too, possession in ood fait"

in absence t"ereof+ one !"o can present oldest title

:6L()87I(* (@ E(*87I(*S

applies only to donation inter vivos

not applicable to onerous donations

Bit" reards to donations made by person !it"out c"ildren or descendants at time of

donation

1. If donor s"ould "ave leitimate+ leitimated or illeitimate c"ildren2. If c"ild came out to be alive % not dead contrary to belief of donor

3. If donor subse-uently adopts a minor c"ild

8ction for revocation based on failure to comply !it" condition in case of conditional donations

8ction for revocation by reason of inratitude

1. Eonee commits offense aainst person+ "onor+ property of donor+ spouse+ c"ildren under "is

parental aut"ority

2. Eonee imputes to donor any criminal offense or any cat involvin moral turpitude even if "e

s"ould prove it unless act/crime "as been committed aainst donee "imself+ spouse or c"ildren

under "is parental aut"ority

3. Eonee unduly refuses to ive support to donor !"en leally or morally bound to ive support todonor

BIRTH OF CHILD

NON-FULFILLMENT

OF CONDITION INGRATITUDE

Ipso -ure revocation, noneed for action., court

decision is merely

declaratoryneeds court actionneeds court action6'tent portion !"ic" may impair leitime of

"eirs6'tent !"ole portion but court may rule partial revocation only6'tent B"ole portion

returnedProperty must be returnedProperty in e'cessProperty to be returned

Alienation*mortgages

done prior to recording in

'egister of Deeds/


23/23

If already sold or cannot be returned t"e value must be returned

If mortaed donor may redeem t"e mortae !it" ri"t to recover from

donee8lienations/mortaes imposed are void unless reistered !it" :eister of EeedsPrior ones

are void> demand value of property !"en alienated and can?t be recovered or redeemed from

3rdpersons@ruits to be returned at filin of action for revocation@ruits to be returned at filin of

complainant Prescription of action is & years from birt"+ etc.Prescription is & years from non

fulfilmentPrescription is 1 year from ,no!lede of fact and it !as possible for "im to brin

action8ction cannot be renounced8ction cannot be renounced in advance :i"t of action

transmitted to "eirs:i"t of action at instance of donor but may be transmitted to "eirsFeirs can?t

file action8ction e'tends to donee?s "eirs8ction does not e'tend to donee?s "eirs

E:eptio! to r)le o! i!tra!s$issi%ility of atio! wit* regar#s to revoatio! #)e to

i!gratit)#e'

donor "as instituted proceedins but dies before brinin civil action for revocation

donor already instituted civil action but died+ "eirs can substitute

donee ,illed donor or "is inratitude caused t"e deat" of t"e donor

donor died !/o "avin ,no!n t"e inratitude done

criminal action filed but abated by deat"

1. personal to t"e donor> eneral rule is "eir cannot institute if donor did not institute

2. "eirs can only file in t"e ff cases

1. can only ma,e "eirs of donee liable if complaint !as already filed !"en donee died

I!offiio)s #o!atio!s'

1. s"all be reduced !it" reards to t"e e'cess

2. action to reduce to be filed by "eirs !"o "ave ri"t to leitimate at time of donation

3. donees/creditors of deceased donor cannot as, for reduction of donation

&. if t"ere are 2 or more donation recent ones s"all be suppressed. if 2 or more donation at same time treated e-ually % reduction is pro rata but donor may

impose preference !"ic" must be e'pressly stated in donation

civil law.docx

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