Presented By :-1. Swapnil Dhande2. Abhijeet Darekar

3. Suresh Choudhary

Environmental PollutionEnvironmental Pollution

Definition Of Environmental PollutionDefinition Of Environmental Pollution::Environmental pollutionEnvironmental pollution is is “the contamination of the physical “the contamination of the physical

andand biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such biological components of the earth/atmosphere system to such

an extent that normal environmental processes are adverselyan extent that normal environmental processes are adversely affected”.affected”.

Definition Of Pollution:Definition Of Pollution:““PollutionPollution is is the introduction of contaminants into the the introduction of contaminants into the

environment that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other environment that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or that damage the environment” which can living organisms, or that damage the environment” which can come “in the form of chemical substances, or energy such as come “in the form of chemical substances, or energy such as noise, heat or light”. noise, heat or light”.

Introduction to Environmental Pollution :Introduction to Environmental Pollution : Although pollution had been known to exist for a very long time Although pollution had been known to exist for a very long time

(at least since people started using fire thousands of years (at least since people started using fire thousands of years ago), it had seen the growth of truly global proportions only ago), it had seen the growth of truly global proportions only since the onset of the industrial revolution during the 19th since the onset of the industrial revolution during the 19th century. century.

There are three major types of There are three major types of environmental pollution: environmental pollution:

Air pollution Air pollution Water pollution Water pollution Soil pollution (contamination) Soil pollution (contamination) Sound pollution Sound pollution

Types Of Types Of Environmental Environmental

PollutionPollution

IntroductionIntroduction

The air pollution is phenomenon in which the The air pollution is phenomenon in which the hazarders and undesirables matter gets involved hazarders and undesirables matter gets involved in it. in it.

Some of the most important Some of the most important air pollutantsair pollutants are are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and airborne particles, with radioactive pollutants airborne particles, with radioactive pollutants probably among the most destructive ones probably among the most destructive ones (specifically when produced by nuclear (specifically when produced by nuclear explosions). explosions).

CausesCauses

Effect Of Air PollutionEffect Of Air Pollution

Reduced lung functioning Irritation of eyes, nose, mouth and throat

Asthma attacks Respiratory symptoms such as coughing and wheezing

Increased respiratory disease such as bronchitis Reduced energy levels

Headaches and dizziness Disruption of endocrine, reproductive and immune systems

Neurobehavioral disorders Cardiovascular problems

Cancer Premature death

IntroductionIntroduction

Water pollution is a undesirable change Water pollution is a undesirable change in a color , taste & smell which causes in a color , taste & smell which causes many problems for human being.many problems for human being.

Water pollutantsWater pollutants include insecticides include insecticides and herbicides, food processing waste, and herbicides, food processing waste, pollutants from livestock operations, pollutants from livestock operations, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), heavy metals, chemical waste and heavy metals, chemical waste and others. others.

CausesCauses

Sewage and wast waterSewage and wast water Industrial waste.Industrial waste. Sea oilSea oil Underground storage leakageUnderground storage leakage Global wormingGlobal worming

Effect Of Water PollutionEffect Of Water Pollution

Waterborne diseases caused by polluted drinking water: Typhoid

Amoebiasis Giardiasis Ascariasis Hookworm

Waterborne diseases caused by polluted beach water: Rashes, ear ache, pink eye

Respiratory infections Hepatitis, encephalitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhoea, vomiting, and stomach aches

Conditions related to water polluted by chemicals (such as pesticides, hydrocarbons, persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals etc):

Cancer, incl. prostate cancer and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma Hormonal problems that can disrupt reproductive and developmental processes

Damage to the nervous system Liver and kidney damage

Damage to the DNA

CausesCauses

Industries causes sound pollution on a Industries causes sound pollution on a large scalelarge scale

FestivalsFestivals Vehicles and their HornsVehicles and their Horns Household equipments, such as vacuum Household equipments, such as vacuum

cleaners, mixers and some kitchen cleaners, mixers and some kitchen appliances are noisemakers of the house. appliances are noisemakers of the house. Though they do not cause too much of Though they do not cause too much of problem, their effect cannot be neglected. problem, their effect cannot be neglected.

EffectsEffects

Deafness, temporary or permanent, is one of the most Deafness, temporary or permanent, is one of the most prevalent effects of noise pollution. Mechanics, prevalent effects of noise pollution. Mechanics, locomotive drivers, telephone operators etc all have locomotive drivers, telephone operators etc all have their hearing impairment.their hearing impairment.

The first and foremost effect of noise is a decrease in the The first and foremost effect of noise is a decrease in the efficiency in working. Research has proved the fact that efficiency in working. Research has proved the fact that human efficiency increases with noise reduction.human efficiency increases with noise reduction.

Too much of noise disturbs the rhythms of working, Too much of noise disturbs the rhythms of working, thereby affecting the concentration required for doing a thereby affecting the concentration required for doing a work. Noise of traffic or the loud speakers or different work. Noise of traffic or the loud speakers or different types of horns divert the attention, thus causing harm in types of horns divert the attention, thus causing harm in the working standard.the working standard.

SOIL POLUTIONSOIL POLUTION Soil pollution is defined or can be Soil pollution is defined or can be

described as the contamination of described as the contamination of soil of a particular region.soil of a particular region.

CAUSES OF SOIL CAUSES OF SOIL POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Industrial wastes such as harmful gases and Industrial wastes such as harmful gases and chemicals, agricultural pesticides, fertilizers chemicals, agricultural pesticides, fertilizers and i Fuel leakages from automobiles, that and i Fuel leakages from automobiles, that get washed away due to rain and seep into get washed away due to rain and seep into the nearby soil.the nearby soil.

Ignorance towards soil management and Ignorance towards soil management and related systems.related systems.

Fuel leakages from automobiles, that get washed Fuel leakages from automobiles, that get washed

away due to rain and seep into the nearby soilaway due to rain and seep into the nearby soil..

EFFECT OF SOIL EFFECT OF SOIL POLLUTIONPOLLUTION

Decrease in soil fertility and therefore Decrease in soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield.decrease in the soil yield.

Disturbance in the balance of flora and Disturbance in the balance of flora and fauna residing in the soil.fauna residing in the soil.

Increase in salinity of the soil, which Increase in salinity of the soil, which therefore makes it unfit for vegetation, therefore makes it unfit for vegetation, thus making it useless .thus making it useless .

Environmental Pollution Effects on Humans, Environmental Pollution Effects on Humans, Other Animals & PlantsOther Animals & Plants

General Environmental Pollution EffectsGeneral Environmental Pollution Effects

Miguel A. SantosMiguel A. Santos identifies 3 different types of response evoked identifies 3 different types of response evoked by the environment to different pollution concentrationsby the environment to different pollution concentrations: :

Linear effect Linear effect Greater-than-linear effect Greater-than-linear effect Threshold effectThreshold effect

In In the linear effectthe linear effect,, environmental damage increases linearly with environmental damage increases linearly with pollution concentrations. In other words, “ the total damage or risk pollution concentrations. In other words, “ the total damage or risk is directly proportional to the accumulated exposure”. is directly proportional to the accumulated exposure”.

This effect occurs with radioactive substances as well as mercury, This effect occurs with radioactive substances as well as mercury, lead, cadmium and asbestos. lead, cadmium and asbestos.

In In the greater-than-linear effect,the greater-than-linear effect, environmental damage environmental damage increases with an increase in pollution concentrations but at a increases with an increase in pollution concentrations but at a decreasing rate. This means that, as pollution concentrations decreasing rate. This means that, as pollution concentrations continue to increase the environmental damage will continue to continue to increase the environmental damage will continue to

decreasedecrease..

Environmental Pollution Effects on Trees Environmental Pollution Effects on Trees and Plants and Plants

Air PollutionAir Pollution Acid rainAcid rain can kill trees, destroy the leaves of plants, can can kill trees, destroy the leaves of plants, can

infiltrate soil by making it unsuitable for purposes of infiltrate soil by making it unsuitable for purposes of nutrition and habitation nutrition and habitation

Ozone holesOzone holes in the upper atmosphere can allow excessive in the upper atmosphere can allow excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun to enter the Earth causing ultraviolet radiation from the sun to enter the Earth causing damage to trees and plants damage to trees and plants

OzoneOzone in the lower atmosphere can prevent plant in the lower atmosphere can prevent plant respiration by blocking stomata (openings in leaves) and respiration by blocking stomata (openings in leaves) and negatively affecting plants’ photosynthesis rates which will negatively affecting plants’ photosynthesis rates which will stunt plant growth; ozone can also decay plant cells directly stunt plant growth; ozone can also decay plant cells directly by entering stomata by entering stomata

Water PollutionWater Pollution May disrupt photosynthesis in aquatic plants and thus May disrupt photosynthesis in aquatic plants and thus

affecting ecosystems that depend on these plants (27) affecting ecosystems that depend on these plants (27) Terrestrial and aquatic plants may absorb pollutants from Terrestrial and aquatic plants may absorb pollutants from

water (as their main nutrient source) and pass them up the water (as their main nutrient source) and pass them up the food chain to consumer animals and humans food chain to consumer animals and humans

Environmental Pollution - Conclusion Environmental Pollution - Conclusion

Environmental pollution is causing Environmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only to a lot of distress not only to

humans but also animals, driving humans but also animals, driving many animal species to many animal species to endangerment and even endangerment and even

extinctionextinction. .