civil procedure - exam notes (victoria, australia)

7/18/2019 Civil Procedure - Exam Notes (Victoria, Australia)

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Civil Procedure – Exam Notes

LAW5104

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1) INTR !"CTI N ####################################################################################################

Overview of Court Adjudication under Adversarial System................................................................4the courts.............................................. ................................. ............................... ...... ....... ...... ....... .. 5

JUDICIAL ROLE AND CASE MANAGEMENT ..........................................................................................................5COSTS ............................ .................................. ................................. .................................. ...... ...... ....... . 6

Case Study: Gu s Lt !s. Ma"" # O"s................................................................................................... .......... . 6

M$L%&e' Case................................................................................................................................................... (Challenging Case Management Decisions on Appeal.........................................................................

$) ALTERNATI%E !I&P"TE RE& L"TI N############################################################################## '

A) INTRODUCTION ............................ .................................. ................................. .............. ....... ...... ...... ...... *!rowth of AD"........................................ ................................. ................................. ......... ....... ...... ... #

+) MODELS O, ADR.................................. .................................. ................................. ....................... ...... . *Dete"-% at%!e P" $esses................................................................................................................... ......... .... *,a$%'%tat%!e P" $esses.................................................................................................................................... 1/

C) AR+ITRATION ................................. ................................. .................................. ............................... .... 11D) MEDIATION ................................ .................................. ................................. ..................... ....... ...... .... 11

$ssues with Mediation% power im&alances........................................................................................'(E) C OURT 0ANNE ED ADR.........................................................................................................................12

Supreme Court%....................................... ................................. ................................. ....................... '(County Court% .............................. .................................. ................................. ................................. ')Magistrates* Court% ............................... .................................. ............................. ....... ...... ....... ...... . '4

,) L A34ERS # ADR................................................................................................................................1

() "RI&!ICTI N#####################################################################################################

INTRODUCTION ............................. ................................. .................................. ................................. ........ 1SU+JECT MATTER JURISDICTION ...................................................................................................................16

TERRITORIAL JURISDICTION .........................................................................................................................22 Areas of jurisdiction....................................................... ................................. ............... ...... ....... ..... ((

+erritorial ,urisdiction........................................ ................................. .................................. ........... . ((,ORUM NON CON ENIENS 7O ERLAP +ET3EEN COUNTRIES )............................................................................28CROSS 0 ESTING O, JURISIDCTION 7MO ING ,ROM STATE TO STATE 9 STATE TO ,ED 9 ,ED TO STATE )..........................25

'.-esting Conferral of ,/"$SD$C+$O0................................................................................................(1(.+ransfer of proceedings................................................................................................................(1

4) IN&TIT"TIN* PR CEE!IN*&########################################################################################

A) C LIENT MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................................................................8/+) LETTERS O, D EMAND: P LAINTI,, .............................................................................................................81C) S TANDING : P LAINTI,, ................................. ................................. ................................. ..................... .... 82CAPACIT4 : + OT PARTIES..........................................................................................................................8

Des$"%;t% < ;" $eed% gs &" ug=t &y a '%t%gat% gua"d%a ..................................................................... .... 85Des$"%;t% < ;" $eed% gs &" ug=t &y a ;a"t e"s=%;...................................................................................86O ERARC ING O+LIGATIONS 7CI IL PROCEDURE ACT 2/1/)..............................................................................86ORIGINATING P ROCESS ............................... .................................. ................................. ......................... ... 8(

!eneral re Originating 2rocess........................................................................................................)3rit......................................... ................................. .................................. ............................. ....... .. )Originating Motion............................................ ................................. ........................ ...... ....... ...... ... 4'

ailure to Comply....................................... ................................. ................................. .................. .. 4'CAUSES O, ACTION # L IMITATION O, ACTIONS ............................................................................................... 2

T=%"d Pa"t%es..................................................................................................................................... ......... ... 6/AMENDMENT 9 ADDITION9 SU+TRACT 9 REMO E A,TER 3RIT IS ,ILED .....................................................................68

Amendments% order )1............................................................. .................................. .......... ...... ..... 1) Addition su&stitution and removal% order #....................................... ................................. .......... ... 14

CONSOLIDATION ............................... .................................. ................................. .................................. ... 65AMICUS CURIAE AND INTER ENERS ..............................................................................................................65

interveners 6See7s to join the proceeding8......................................................................................15

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Amicus Curiae 6friend of the court who is not a party8.................. ................................. ............... ...11

+) REPRE&ENTATI%E PR CEE!IN*& ,*R "P& A& PARTIE&)################################################+-

>SAME INTEREST ? PROCEEDINGS ................................ .................................. ................................. ............ .. 6(CLASS ACTIONS .......................................................................................................................................@1

ederal Court% Opt9Out 2roceedings 6federal Court Act 2art $-A8.....................................................:'Supreme Court ;Opt Out* 2roceedings% same rules apply................................................................:5

.) &ER%ICE #########################################################################################################

SPECIAL P ARTIES............................. ................................. ................................. .................................. ..... @@Corporations................................................. .................................. ............................. ...... ...... ....... . ::

oreign Corporations............................................... ................................. ............. ....... ...... ...... ....... ::Minors.......................................... .................................. ................................. ....................... ...... .... ::<andicapped 2ersons......................................... ................................. .................. ....... ...... ...... ....... ::Commonwealth !overnment...........................................................................................................::-ictorian !overnment............................................ .................................. .............................. ....... ... ::2artnerships............................................ .................................. ................................. .................... .. :: Motor -ehicle $njuries................................... .................................. ...................... ....... ...... ...... ....... :

PERSONAL S ER ICE ..................................................................................................................................@(ORDINAR4 S ER ICE ............................. .................................. ................................. ................ ...... ....... ..... (/SU+STITUTED SER ICE..................................... .................................. ................................. ........ ...... .. (1PROO, O, S ER ICE ................................. ................................. ................................. ................................ (2SER ICE OUT O, T E JURISDICTION....................................................................................................(8

-) APPEARANCE#####################################################################################################

INTRODUCTION TO APPEARANCE ..................................................................................................................(5DE,ENDANT?S OPTIONS A,TER +EING SER ED...................................................................................(6

Do 0othing.......................................... ................................. .................................. ....................... ... :/nconditional appearance............................................................................................................... :Conditional Appearance.............................................. ................................. ........................... ...... ... :

') PLEA!IN*&########################################################################################################

INTRO CRAP................................ ................................. .................................. .............................. ....... .... (*PROCEDURE ............................... ................................. .................................. ........................... ...... ....... .. */,ORMAL RE UIREMENTS AND CONTENT .........................................................................................................*/PARTICULARS................................. ................................. .................................. .............. ...... ....... ...... ..... *1SPECI,IC T4PES O, PLEADINGS....................................................................................................................*2

Statement of claim......................................... ................................. ..................... ....... ...... ....... ...... . #(Defence................................................ .................................. ................................ ...... ....... ...... ...... #)Set9off = Counterclaim.......................................... .................................. ................................. ........ #5reply.................................... ................................. .................................. ................. ....... ...... ...... ..... #12leadings after the reply..................................................................................................................#1

C ALLENGES AND O+JECTIONS ....................................................................................................................*6AMENDMENT ................................ .................................. ................................. ..................... ...... ...... ....... *@ET ICAL O+LIGATIONS 7ONL4 I, RELE ANT ON E AM).......................................................................................*(

10) /ET !& *AT ERIN* E%I!ENCE#########################################################################101

DISCO ER4 ...........................................................................................................................................1/1$ntro crap........................................ ................................. ................................. ................ ...... ....... '>'notice for discovery................................................ ................................. ............... ...... ....... ...... .... '>(affidavit of documents ? ma7ing discovery....................................................................................'>(inspection of documents............................................. .................................. ......................... ....... . '>:

Default in Discovery................................................ .................................. ................................. .... '>Document destruction................................................ ................................. ............ ...... ...... ....... ... '>

NON0PART4 AND P RELIMINAR4 D ISCO ER4 ..................................................................................................11/Discovery to $dentify a Defendant..................................................................................................''>

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discovery of a 2rospective Defendant............................................................................................''>discovery rom a non9party...........................................................................................................'''

INTERROGATORIES 9 NOTICES TO ADMIT9 SU+POENAS ......................................................................................112$nterrogatories......................................................... .................................. ...................... ....... ...... . ''(0otices to admit..................................... .................................. ....................... ...... ....... ...... ...... ..... ''4Su&poenas............................................. ................................. .................................. ........... ...... .... ''1

11) INTERL C"T R2 PR CE!"RE###################################################################################11-

INTRO CRAP..........................................................................................................................................11(INJUNCTIONS.........................................................................................................................................12/SEARC O RDERS 7>ANTON P ILLER? ORDERS )...............................................................................................121, REEBING O RDERS 7>MARE A INJUNCTIONS?)...............................................................................................122SECURIT4 ,OR COSTS 7LOO ,OR POSSI+LE P INSOL ENC4 )............................................................................12

1$A) !I&P &ITI N WIT "T TRIAL################################################################################1$+

SUMMAR4 D ISPOSITION ...........................................................................................................................126Default ,udgment........................................... ................................. .................................. ........ ..... '(1Summary ,udgment......................................... ................................. .......................... ....... ...... ...... '(

DISMISSAL ,OR 3ANT O, PROSECUTION : IN ERENT JURISDICTION .....................................................................182DISCONTINUANCE AND 3IT DRA3AL ..........................................................................................................18E ATIOUS LITIGANT..............................................................................................................................185

1$3) ACILITATIN* &ETTLE/ENT####################################################################################1

IN,ORMAL SETTLEMENT...........................................................................................................................186, ORMAL SETTLEMENT: O,,ERS O, COMPROMISE ...........................................................................................186

1() TRIAL ##########################################################################################################

TRIAL.............................. .................................. ................................. .................................. ................ 18*Case Management +imeline...........................................................................................................'4'

14) C &T&#########################################################################################################INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................1 8

T 4PES O, COSTS # T E COST INDEMNIT4 RULE............................................................................................1 5@ ceptions to the Costs $ndemnity "ules.......................................................................................'4:

COSTS O RDERS AGAINST LA34ERS ............................................................................................................15/COSTS ,OR INTERLOCUTOR4 EARINGS AND SATELLITE LITIGATION...................................................................151MULTIPLE PART4 COST ORDERS .................................................................................................................151

2 succeeds on claim D succeeds on counterclaim........................................................................'5'3here claim succeeds against one D and fails against another....................................................'5)

UANTUM O, COSTS ..............................................................................................................................15

15) EN RCE/ENT###################################################################################################GENERAL IN,O ON EN,ORC 4................................ ................................. ................................. ........ ...... .... 155S TA4 O, EN,ORCEMENT ...........................................................................................................................156MODES O, EN,ORCEMENT .......................................................................................................................156

1) INTRODUCTIONO ER IE3 O, COURT ADJUDICATION UNDER AD ERSARIAL S4STEM

• C%!%' syste- st%'' ;"ed -% a t'y &ased u; t=e ad!e"sa"%a' syste-

o I $"eas% g % te"est % a'te" at%!e d%s;ute "es 'ut% e $ess%!e de'ays a d $ sts

• Procedural La g !e" s $ du$t < ;" $eed% gs &e< "e t=e $ u"t

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o Ru'es F=%$= "egu'ate < "-a' ad ud%$at% < $%!%' d%s;utes

INTER!EPEN!ENCE &"3&TANCE AN! PR CE!"RE

• >Ad e$t%!a'? Hua'%<y su&sta t%!e "%g=ts

o Regu'ate t=e Fay su&sta t%!e "%g=ts a d &'%gat% s a"e $'a%-ed

• Su& e$t% t su&sta t%!e 'aF %s % ! 'u ta"y F=e"eas "e$ u"se t ;" $edu"a' %s ! 'u ta"y

• Su&sta t%!e 'aF %s se'<0e e$ut% g9 F=e"eas ;" $edu"a' 'aF $"eates $= %$es < " ;a"t%es

T E COURT S

• Ea$= su;e"% " 7Su;"e-e) C u"t %s % te"-ed%ate a;;ea' $ u"t # & dy ;"%-a"%'y e t"usted F%t=su;e"!%s% < state te""%t "y 'aF 0 a!e Ge e"a' Ju"%sd%$t%

• M st $ases a"e t =ea"d % <" t < a $ u"t

o Ma "%ty < $ases t=at -a e %t t $ u"t a"e a&a d ed9 F%t=d"aF " sett'e-e t 71.2.2E)

"! ICI AL R LE AN! CA&E /ANA*E/ENT

• Pa"t%es a"e 'e<t t $ du$t ;" $eed% gK udges assu-e a ;ass%!e " 'e9 % te"!e % g 'y %< t=e 0de'% Hue t ;a"ty see s t=e %-; s%t% < sa $t% s.

o Jud%$%a' eut"a'%ty %s $"%t%$a' t ad!e"sa"%a' - de'K -et= d ' gy a& ut as$e"ta% -e t <t"ut=

• Case /a a6eme t ,Case7lo a d caseload)

o Ea"'y "es 'ut% < d%s;utes

o E =a $ed ;u&'%$ a$$ u ta&%'%ty

o M %t "% g < $ase' ads

o Redu$t% < t"%a' t%-e et$. ,1#'#$E)

• C u"t % ! '!ed % -a age-e t < t=e ;" g"ess < ;" $eed% g <" - $ --e $e-e t t $ $'us%

o S=%<t aFay <" - ad!e"sa"%a' - de'

E4 E AMPLE: T E LIST S4STEM

• D%!%s% < $ u"t F " ' ad 7$ases) % t >'%sts? 7g" u;s) !e"see &y a ;a"t%$u'a" udge ?ass $%ate udge?

o C --e"$%a' L%st % te s%!e'y $ase -a aged

o Ma " t "ts Ass $%ate udge -a ages % te"' $ut "y stages u t%' $ase %s "eady < " t"%a'7=a ded t $%!%' '%st)

o S;e$%a'ty '%sts: Ad-%"a'ty9 &u%'d% g9 $ "; "at% s9 IP9 ;'a % g9 ta a;;ea's

a"y% g deg"ees < $ase -a age-e t

• C sts <ee t % t=e '%sts 7a;;" 25//) &ut sa!e t=%s % te"-s < t=e de'ays F=%$= a"e a! %ded

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• A'' $%!%' $ases a"e ;a"t < t=e >C%!%' Ma age-e t L%st?

• !irectio s eari 68 N $'%e tsK ust 'ega' "e;s -aste" ass $%ate udge -a es a de$%s% 9 get$ase t - !e < "Fa"d

C &T&• Su- < - ey ;a"ty -ay "e$ !e" <" - t=e t=e" s%de < "e%-&u"se-e t < ;a"t%$u'a" e ;e ses

% $u""ed % '%t%gat%o M ey t=at a ;a"ty -ay "e$ !e" <" - ;; e t % '%t%gat% < " "e%-&u"se-e t <

;a"t%$u'a" e ;e ses % $u""ed % '%t%gat%• C sts % de- %<y a ;a"ty < " t=e $ st < '%t%gat%

o "eas a&'e a d e$essa"y e ;e seso d%s$%;'% e ;a"t%es a d e $ u"age ;" - te sett'e-e t

P" - t% g sett'e-e t -ay >=u"t? ust%$e &e$ause y u $ u'd ' se "ega"d'ess < = Fg d y u" $ase %s.Ca d%s$%;'% e ;a"t%es t &e=a!e9 " ;u %s= t=e- < " >-%s&e=a!% g?

o 3eeds ut # a! %ds Fea '%t%gat% 7;"e!e ts $"a; !e at% us9 <"%! ' us 'aFsu%ts).

o +ut $a u de"-% e a$$ess t ust%$e. Ne!e" get aFa"ded - "e t=a 2 8 'ega' $ sts.LITI*ATI N C &T R"LE&

• !isci9li ar: cost orders $ st "de"s used &y a t"%&u a' $ u"t t e < "$e $ t" ' < '%t%gat%;" $ess

• A'' F $ u"t t e < "$e %ts $ t" ' < t=e '%t%gat% ;" $ess.

• A'' Fs e<<%$%e t use < "es u"$es % $ u"ts. C u"ts $a dea' F%t=

o U e$essa"y " u du'y e ;e s%!e ;" $edu"es

o C'a%-s de<e $es t=at a"e u "eas a&'e <"%! ' us !e at% us

o Matte"s a"gued % F" g u"%sd%$t% F" g < "u- < " d%s;ute "es 'ut%

CASE STUD4: GUNNS LT S. MARR # ORS

• A;;'%ed t &u%'d eF ;u'; -%'' at t=e sa-e t=ey $ --e $ed 'ega' ;" $eed% gs

o Sued 2/ De<e da ts % t=e %$t "%a Su;"e-e C u"t % $'ud% g

3%'de" ess S $%ety 7A'e Ma=e")9 D $t "s < " Nat%!e , "ests9 Se at " + & +" F

• &tateme t o7 Claim t t%<y t=e" ;a"ty F=y t=ey a"e &e% g sued

o 216 ;ages ' g e $ess%!e: 2// ;ages < >"eas s? < " F=%$= t=ey Fe"e su% g % d%!%dua'de<e da ts.

o 3as t $'ea" F=at t=ey Fe"e su% g < "9 &ut %t a;;ea"ed t & %' d F t t=e de<e da ts&e% g % ! '!ed % >a $ s;%"a$y t % u"e t=e-? a d % te"<e"ed F%t= >Gu s t"ade &yu 'aF<u' -ea s?

o C'a%-ed t=ey su<<e"ed ge e"a' da-age 1.1- a d 5.2- % agg"a!ated e e-;'a"yda-ages

>LA3 REPORT? INTER IE3 3IT SENATOR +O+ +RO3N

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Question % 0ow !unns is alleging that you and the other mem&ers of !reens engaged in a num&er ofactivities corporate vilification interference with contracts disruption of logging and woodchipoperations campaigns against shareholders investors and &an7s. Bet*s tal7 a&out where you draw theline &etween legitimate civil diso&edience and what constitutes damage to lawful economicalcommercial activity. +hey*re saying you*ve done things li7e conduct campaigns to convince clients of!unns in ,apan and elgium to &oycott their products.

Answer % es well there*s a long history of &oycott against destructive activities very often for humanrights reasons. 3e were in Australia in turmoil (> or )> yrs ago a&out &oycotting South Africa &ecauseof apartheid and of course many people thin7 we should &e much more judicious in loo7ing at &oycottsof China &ecause of what*s happening in +i&et and so on it goes. ut the legitimate rights of peopleeverywhere on this planet to stand up for what they thin7 is wrong can*t &e ta7en away if you*re goingto have a healthy democracy. And the woodchipping industry in +asmania which at its worst the rateof destruction now is the greatest in historyE this year appro '5> >>> log truc7 loads will go to thewoodchip mills for e port to ,apan China Forea and the great majority of that is through this uglycompany called !unns 2ty Btd. And $ say ;ugly* there &ecause Mr !ay might thin7 that*s vilification &ut

you only have to loo7 at what*s happening to the magnificent forests of +asmania and the wildlife afterthe loggers for !unns have &een through and you see total devastation% just rising smo7e no life no

fin no feather nothing left alive. And its unnecessary industry this is. • Leg%t%-ate a$t% O" d % g %t t &a "u;t $ -;a %es ;; s% g Gu s

o U $'ea" d%<<%$u't d $u-e t

o T"y% g t &a "u;t t=e $ -;a y

De<e da ts e t"e-e'y F ""%ed a& ut t=e e $ess%!e $ sts

o T%e t=e- u; % '%t%gat%

o I t%-%date s t=at ;e ;'e d ?t ta e s%-%'a" a$t%

• &LAPP Writ ; &trate6ic Liti6atio A6ai st Pu<lic Partici9atio

o Ju'%a +u" s%de: +his statement of claim is the siGe of a novel although it doesnHt read sowell. +his trial will not ta7e less than a year . Gu s a$t% g t Fa" << % d%!%dua's F=-%g=t Fa t t ;" test?

• 2 d e"s% < State-e t < C'a%-

o 86/ ;ages ' g a d - "e $ ! 'uted t=a t=e <%"st e

• + g% " J st"u$ t=e- & t= ut. Ga!e t=e- Fee s t $ -e u; F%t= a eF e

o 8 "d !e"s% 221 ;ages ' g 0 st"u$ ut aga%

o Ga!e t=e- t%-e t d a t= e %-;" !ed !e"s% : 8 se;a"ate state-e ts < $'a%- 78;" $eed% gs)

o D" ;;ed u-&e" < de<e da ts 8 $'a%-s a d 15 de<e da ts % te"<e"e $e F%t= "e'at% s

Gu s ! Ma=e" >T"%a&u a? aga% st @ D9 ;ages

>Lu$ast F a-;s=%"e? a d >Sty ? aga% st 8 D9 @* ;ages ' g

>+u" %e 3 d$=%; P%'e? de<a-at% K aga% st d $t " 7F d$=%; ;%'e0 ; ss <'eg% a%"es)

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• ACT e a$ted Aust"a'%a?s <%"st a t%0SLAPP 'eg%s'at% % "es; se t su$= $ases

• F -u$= s= u'd Fe &e F%''% g t sa$"%<%$e t=e $ u"ts 7 ust%$e syste-) < " ' g d"aF 0 ut $ases

MCLI+EL CASE

• M$D a'ds & ug=t aga% st a ; st-a a d ga"de e"

o 3e"e sta d% g uts%de a M$D a'ds9 =a d% g ut ;a-;='ets

• +"%ta% ?s ' gest e!e" t"%a' 2 yea"s % $ u"t

o uge a$t% M$D a'ds F &ut g t 8 9/// a d !e" 1/- % $ sts

o D%d %t t st ; ;e ;'e ;" test% g aga% st t=e%" &us% ess

• 3as a =uge PR d%saste" Su;e"S% e Me # =uge &a$ 'as=

• E!%de $e %.e. Re$%;e < " t=e ;" $ess < $=%$ e uggets 7>M$,"a e ste% ?s M ste"s)

CRISIS 3 AT CRISIS

• M%d 1*(/s: P" $edu"a' -atte"s $ s%de"ed ' Fe" $ $e" t=a d % g > ust%$e t=e -e"%ts?.

• Resu'ted % :o 'a"ge de'ays % $ u"tsK a do =%g= $ st < '%t%gat%o Led t "%se % $ase -a age-e t

•

Need t st"% e a &a'a $e &etFee t=e ;u"su%t < ust%$e t"ut= a d e<<%$%e t d%st"%&ut% < ust%$e.State ;" !%des a 'ega' ust%$e se"!%$e. I e<<%$%e t %< e!e"y $ase %s !e=e-e t'y ;u"sued. Must &ed e s t &e ;" ; "t% a' F%t= - ey % ! '!ed9 %-; "ta $e9 ;u&'%$ % te"est et$.

L R! W L /R8

• the litigation process is too often seen as a &attlefield where no rules apply. $n this environmentIuestions of e pense delay compromise = fairness may have only low priority. +heconseIuence is that e pense is often e cessive disproportionate = unpredicta&leE = delay isfreIuently unreasona&le

• 3 '< F=at syste- eeds:o t &e ust % t=e "esu'ts %t de'%!e"so t &e <a%" % t=e Fay %t t"eats '%t%ga tso t <<e" ;" $edu"es # $ sts ;" ; "t% ate t atu"e < %ssues % ! '!edo dea' F%t= $ases F%t= "eas a&'e s;eedo &e u de"sta da&'e t t= se F= use %to &e "es; s%!e t t=e eeds < t= se F= use %to ;" !%de as -u$= $e"ta% ty as t=e atu"e < t=e ;a"t%$u'a" $ase a'' Fs9 a do &e e<<e$t%!e9 adeHuate'y "es u"$ed a d "ga %sed s as t g%!e e<<e$t t 10@.

C ALLENGING CASE MANAGEMENT DECISIONS ON APPEAL• &ali v &PC Ltd ,1''()8 t=e C sa%d t=at t=e ,C Fas e t%t'ed t "ega"d t=e a;;e''a t?s

a;;'%$at% as -e"e de'ay% g ta$t%$s a d s t=e"e Fas Fa""a t < " g"a t% g a y ad u" -e t.

T=us9 t=e udge %s e t%t'ed t $ s%de" t=e e<<e$t < a ad u" -e t u; $ u"t "es u"$es a d t=e$ -;et% g $'a%-s &y '%t%ga ts % t=e" $ases aFa%t% g =ea"% g.• =uee sla d v L oldi 6s Pt: Ltd ,1''.)> - "e "e$e t'y t=e C =as ;'a$ed g"eate"

e-;=as%s u; ust%$e &etFee t=e %--ed%ate ;a"t%es t '%t%gat% F=e $ s%de"% g t=e e<<%$a$y< $ase -a age-e t sa $t% s

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2) ALTERNATI E DISPUTE RESOLUTIONA) INTR !"CTI N

• Need < " -et= ds t=e" t=a '%t%gat% t "es '!e d%s;uteso G" Ft= < -ed%at% 7a d a"&%t"at% ) % Aust"a'%a

• L%t%gat% %s d%s;ute "es 'ut% F=e"e ;a"t%es <%g=t t "ega% ' st te""%t "y "%g=tso St"ateg%es a d ta$t%$s &e$ -e ;"ed -% a t < $uso De<e s%!e a d = st%'e -et= ds

• L%t%gat% 'y dea's F%t= 'ega' %ssues: D es ?t ' at &" ade" $ $e;t% s < ust%$e9 et$.

GRO3T O, ADR

• Issues F%t= a$$ess%&%'%ty a d eHu%ty F%t=% t=e 'ega' syste-o E<<e$t u; ;a"t%es? "e'at% s=%; due t ad!e"sa"%a' ;" $esses a d dete"-% at% < a

>F% e"?o S= "t<a''s % eg t%ated sett'e-e t 'aFye"s <te d ?t -a %-% e $'%e t?s ut$ -eo R%s 9 u ;"ed%$ta&%'%ty9 de'ay a d $ stso C u"ts $ $e" ed F%t= 'ega' "%g=ts "at=e" t=a du"a&'e s 'ut% s t d%s;uteso Pa"t%es? "e'at% s=%;s <te %""e! $a&'y da-aged

JConfucian thought holds that going to court is a failure% a failure &y the parties in not having regulatedtheir conduct &etween a failure in not &eing a&le to resolve their differences themselves and in havingto resort to a third party to adjudicate. "ecourse to law is something shamefulK ? !ladwell

C ARTER O, UMAN RIG TS AND RESPONSI+ILITIES ACT 2//6 7 IC) S2 71)•

E!e"y e =as "%g=t t =a!e a d%s;ute de$%ded &y a >$ -;ete t9 %-;a"t%a' $ u"t " t"%&u a' a<te" a<a%" a d ;u&'%$ =ea"% g

3) / !EL& A!R

• A"&%t"at% 9 -ed%at% 9 $ $%'%at% 9 <a$%'%tat% a d ea"'y eut"a' e!a'uat%o y&"%d ;" $esses as Fe'': e ;e"t dete"-% at% 9 ;"%!ate udg% g9 <a$t0<% d% g

DETERMINATI E PROCESSES

EN,ORCEA+LEA! "!ICATI N

• Jud%$%a' ad-% %st"at%!e ;" $ess % F=%$= ;a"t%es ;"ese t a"gu-e ts e!%de $e t DR ;"a$t%t% e"o O<te F%t=% t"ad%t% a' ud%$%a' syste- $ u"ts9 t"%&u a's

AR3ITRATI N• uas%0 ud%$%a'K Less < "-a' t=a '%t%gat% K Ru'es < e!%de $e "e'a ed• M st $ -- 'y used % $ --e"$%a'9 $ st"u$t% 9 'a& u" a d % te" at% a' t"ade d%s;utes• Su&-%ss% < d%s;ute t t=%"d ;a"ty 7a"&%t"at ")• Re de"s aFa"d a<te" =ea"% g a"gu-e ts a d "e!%eF% g e!%de $e• Dete"-% at% %s usua''y &% d% g 'y "e!%eFa&'e '%-%ted g" u ds•

N ;"e$ede t%a' e<<e$tE?PERT !ETER/INATI N

• I de;e de t e ;e"t a;; % ted t -a e &% d% g dete"-% at% s -e d%s;uted <a$ts %ssues• ea"s a"gu-e ts a d e!%de $e <" - ;a"t%es

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• C= se &as%s < s;e$%a'%st Hua'%<%$at% " e ;e"%e $e % su& e$t -atte"• Pa"t%es dete"-% e t=e ;" $ess <te e ;e"t?s " 'e % $'udes % !est%gat% a d % Hu%"y• Ex9ert A99raisal !e"y s%-%'a" &ut ;% % g%!e %s ad!%s "y "at=e" t=a dete"-% at%!e

PRI%ATE "!*IN*• Pa"t%es ;"ese t a"gu-e ts a d e!%de $e t ;"%!ate 7usua''y "et%"ed) udge• Dete"-% at% -ade &ased F=at t=ey &e'%e!e F u'd &e - st '% e'y de$%s% %< -atte" Fe t t

$ u"t• Reas a&'y < "-a' a d ad!e"sa"%a'• De$%s% %s &% d% g ;a"t%es "e!%eFa&'e &y $ u"t &ased e"" "s < 'aF

NON EN,ORCEA+LEACT; IN!IN*

• Pa"t%es t a d%s;ute ;"ese t a"gu-e ts a d e!%de $e t DR ;"a$t%t% e"• Ma es dete"-% at% as t <a$ts &ut <% d% g " "e$ --e dat% s as t ut$ -es

EARL2 NE"TRAL E%AL"ATI N• P" $ess % F=%$= ;a"t%es ;"ese t a"gu-e ts a d e!%de $e at ea"'y stage % d%s;ute• E!a'uat " usua''y C " SC• May t=e e $ u"age ;a"t%es t sett'e -atte" &y $ se sus• I< sett'e-e t9 e!a'uat " F%'' -a e dete"-% at% ey %ssues % d%s;ute # '% e'y ut$ -e %<

Fe t t t"%a'

,ACILITATI E PROCESSESC NCILIATI N

• Ass%sta $e < $ $%'%at " %de t%<%es d%s;uted %ssues9 de!e' ;s ;t% s a'te" at%!es a d e dea! "st "ea$= a ag"ee-e t

• C $%'%at " =as ad!%s "y &ut t dete"-% at%!e " 'e• O&'%ged t ad! $ate "u'es a d sta da"ds ;" - ted &y t=e age $y e-; Fe"ed t -a e

suggest% s as t te"-s < sett'e-e t9 &ea"% g % -% d t=at $ < "-%ty %s %-; "ta tACILITATI N

• ,a$%'%tated eg t%at%• Med%at " a ;" $ess <a$%'%tat "• N set ;" $edu"e $a &e ada;ted t t=e d%s;ute ;a"t%es• Med%at " F%'' t e ;"ess ;% % s <<e" ad!%$e t t=e d%s;uta ts• C <%de t%a' ;" $ess• N "es 'ut% F%t= ut ;a"t%es? $ se t• C ''a& "at%!e ;" $ess ;a"t%es 7g" u;) F%t= ass%sta $e < eut"a' t=%"d ;a"ty• ,a$%'%tat " %de t%<%es ;" &'e-s t &e s '!ed9 tas s t &e a$$ -;'%s=ed " %ssues t &e "es '!ed• N ad!%s "y " dete"-% at%!e " 'e $ te t < -atte"s d%s$ussed

/E!IATI N• P" $ess < <a$%'%tated eg t%at% F%t= ass%sta $e < eut"a' t=%"d ;a"ty• Ide t%<%es %ssues9 de!e' ;s ;t% s9 $ s%de"s a'te" at%!es a d e dea! "s t "ea$= ag"ee-e t• N ad!%s "y " dete"-% at%!e " 'e a d $a t %-; se de$%s% " "esu't ;a"t%es• Med%at " %s t=e"e t <a$%'%tate " ass%st ;a"t%es t "ea$= F ag"ee-e t9 &ut $a dete"-% e = F

;" $ess F%'' &e $ du$ted 7st"u$tu"ed syste-at%$ ;" $ess)/3"!&/EN

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• I-;a"t%a' t=%"d ;a"ty F= % !est%gates $ -;'a% ts aga% st a % st%tut% &y %ts $ st%tue ts9$'%e ts " e-;' yees.

• Ma e ta e a$t% %.e. &"% g% g % ust%$e t atte t% < =%g=e" 'e!e' <<%$%a's et$.• Ad!%ses $ -;'a% a t < a'' ;t% s a d "es u"$es9 ;" ; se sett'e-e t et$.• I Aust"a'%a9 a'' u"%sd%$t% s =a!e ; s%t% < -&uds-a t % !est%gate $ -;'a% ts aga% st state

age $%es a d <<%$%a's.

C) AR3ITRATI N

• as &e$ -e a >Huas%0 ud%$%a'? ;" $ess• Less < "-a' t=a '%t%gat%• A"&%t"at " =ea"s a"gu-e ts a d e!%de $e9 "e de"s a dete"-% at% 7aFa"d) &% d% g u; ;a"t%es• +%'ate"a' ad!e"sa"%a' ;" $ess "eHu%"es $ se t < ;a"t%es

EAT"RE&• Ca &e $ du$ted u de" $ u"t0a e ed s$=e-e9 'eg%s'at% " ;"%!ate ag"ee-e t &etFee

;a"t%es• Courts : ea"'y "es 'ut% < d%s;utes• Ar<itratio a6reeme t : N 0% te"!e t% a'%st e !%" -e t < " &us% ess $ --e"$%a' d%s;utes• Re@uired <: statute : sett'e-e t < $e"ta% d%s;utes

!) /E!IATI N

• Ge e"a' ;" $ess t -ed%at% &ut s$=e-es dest"ate -a" ed !a"%at% s % = F ;" $ess%-;'e-e ted

o D%<<e"e t ;% % s %.e. F=et=e" s= u'd -eet F%t= ;a"t%es ;"%!ate'y et$.• ,'e %&'e a d ;"%!ate atu"e < -ed%at% 9 d%<<e"e t t"a% % g $=a"a$te"%st%$s9 "a ge < d%s;utes Q

a"%at% .ACCE&&I3ILIT2

• A y d%s;ute $a &e "e<e""ed t -ed%at% AND ;a"t%es a"e d%"e$t'y % ! '!ed % ;" $ess• D%"e$t ;a"t%$%;at% %-; "ta t ;a"t < ;" $ess

o Fe!e" <a$e0t 0<a$e -ed%at% ge e"a''y t a!a%'a&'e as ;a"t < % dust"y0&ased ADR;" $esses 7%.e. - st'y F"%tte ;" $esses et$.)

o E te t < ;a"ty ;a"t%$%;at% %s a's a<<e$ted &y a;;" a$= a d %-&a'a $es9 t%-e'%-%tat% s a d ;"ese $e < ;" <ess% a' ad!%se"s 7'aFye"s)

• N t a'' $ases a;;" ;"%ate < " -ed%at%o 3=e de<% %t%!e aut= "%tat%!e de$%s% "eHu%"e < " ;"e$ede t%a' !a'ueo Matte" s%g %<%$a t'y a<<e$ts ;e"s s " "ga % at% s F= a"e ?t ;a"ty t ADR ;" $esseso Need < " ;u&'%$ sa $t% % g < $ du$t " F=e"e "e;et%t%!e !% 'at% s < statutes a d

"egu'at% s eed t &e dea't F%t= $ ''e$t%!e'y u %< "-'yo Pa"t%es t a&'e t eg t%ate e<<e$t%!e'y &etFee t=e-se'!eso %st "y < <a-%'y !% 'e $e

% L"NTAR2 • I &est0$ase s$e a"% 9 t=%s %s ey ad!a tage < ;" $ess• C se sua' ;a"t%$%;at% %s <u da-e ta' assu-;t% < -ed%at%

o May &e $ -;e''ed9 d%"e$ted9 "e$ --e ded et$. ;a"t%es F= a"e "e<e""ed t ADR9 d ?t

see ;" $ess as $ se sua' 7I "ea'%ty9 - st ;a"t%es d ?t e te" ;u"e'y ! 'u ta"%'y " <ee'<"ee t 'ea!e)

• Ma dat "y e t"y t -ed%at% -ay d%sad!a tage !u' e"a&'e g" u;s &e% g ;"essu"ed

C N I!ENTIAL

11 | P a g e



• Pa"t%es -ust &e <"ee t s;ea ;e 'y a& ut t=e%" eeds9 % te"ests a d <ee'% gs• >Re!ea' a'' "e'e!a t -atte"s F%t= ut a a;;"e=e s% t=at t=e d%s$' su"e -ay &e su&seHue t'y

used aga% st t=e-?o N "-a''y % ad-%ss%&'e % su&seHue t ;" $eed% gs

• E $ u"ages <"a a d ;e d%s$uss% at- s;=e"e $ du$%!e t $ 0 ;e"at%!e de$%s% 0-a % g

ACILITATI%E• P Fe" %-&a'a $es &etFee ;a"t%es• I te"est0&ased a d ;" &'e-0s '!% g: %de t%<y% g eeds a d % te"ests9 de!e' ; ;t% s9 "ea$=

sat%s<a$t "y ag"ee-e to + t= % te"!e t% a'%st a d -% %-a'%st " 'e &y -ed%at "s =a!e ad!a tages d%sad!a tages

ISSUES 3IT MEDIATION: PO3ER IM+ALANCES

P WER I/3ALANCE& 3ETWEEN PARTIE&8 APPR PRIATENE&& AN! E ECTI%ENE&& /E!IATI N

• Da ge" t=at >$ se sua'? ;" $ess F%'' -e"e'y "e<'e$t ; Fe" "e'at% s=%; &etFee ;a"t%es•

M st %-; "ta t ty;es < ; Fe" 7Maye")o ormal AutBorit: < "-a' ; s%t% F de$%s% 0-a % g ;"e" gat%!es %.e. udge9 CEO9

;a"e to Ex9ert I 7ormatio 9o er e ;e"t%se % a"ea % < "-at% a& ut -atte"o Associatio al Re7ere t 9o er 0 ass $%at% F%t= t=e" ;e ;'e F%t= ; Fe"o Resource 9o er $ t" ' !e" "es u"$es 7- eys9 -ate"%a's9 g#s) " a&%'%ty t de y

t=e-o Procedural 9o er C t" ' !e" ;" $edu"es &y F=%$= de$%s% s a"e -adeo &a ctio 9o er A&%'%ty 7 " ;e"$e%!ed) t % <'%$t =a"- " % te"<e"eo Nuisa ce 9o er a&%'%ty t $ause d%s$ -< "t t ;a"ty 7'ess t=a a;;'y% g d%"e$t

sa $t% s)o a<itual 9o er ; Fe" < S 9 "ests ;"e-%se t=at %s eas%e" t -a% ta% t=a t

$=a geo /oral 9o er a;;ea' t F%de'y =e'd !a'uesK a d $ !%$t% t=at e %s >"%g=t?o Perso al 9o er att"%&utes F=%$= -ag %<y t=e" s u"$es < ; Fe" %.e. se'<0assu"a $e

• C te ts < ; Fe" %-&a'a $es 7+ u''e a d Nes%$)o Ge de"0&ased d%<<e"e $es 7%.e. ; Fe" % -a""%age9 a$$ess t "es u"$es9 ;e"$e;t% s <

d -% at% ) ;a"t%$u'a"'y % $ases < d -est%$ !% 'e $eo E !%" -e ta' d%s;utes $ se"!at% g" u;s ! de!e' ;e"s9 g !t a d &us% esses

o A t%0d%s$"%-% at% $ases !%$t%-s ! ;e";et"at "s 7%g "a $e < "e'e!a t sta da"ds)o P'a% t%<<s a d % su"e"s % ;e"s a' % u"y $ases

E) C "RT;ANNE?E! A!R

• Su;"e-e C u"t A$t 1*(* 7 %$)9 C u ty C u"t A$t 1*5( 7 %$) a d Mag%st"ates? C u"t A$t1*(* 7 %$) ;" !%de < " "e<e""a' < $%!%' -atte"s t a"&%t"at% " -ed%at%

SUPREME COURT:

• C u"t -ay "e<e" -atte" t

o -ed%at% F%t= F%t= ut ;a"t%es? $ se t: R50.07 SCRo a"&%t"at% F%t= ;a"t%es? $ se t: R50.08 SCRo Maste" $a "e<e" t -ed%at% : 50.07.1

12 | P a g e



5/./@. RE,ERENCE TO A MEDIATOR,1) At a : sta6e o7 a 9roceedi 6 tBe Court ma:> itB or itBout tBe co se t o7 a : 9art:>order tBat tBe 9roceedi 6 or a : 9art o7 tBe 9roceedi 6 <e re7erred to a mediator .72) E $e;t s <a" as t=e C u"t t=e"F%se "de"s9 a "de" < " "e<e"e $e t -ed%at% s=a'' t ;e"ate asa stay < t=e ;" $eed% g.78) 3=e"e a "e<e"e $e %s -ade u de" ;a"ag"a;= 71) t=e -ed%at " s=a'' e dea! u" t ass%st t=e ;a"t%es

t "ea$= a sett'e-e t < t=e ;" $eed% g " sett'e-e t < t=at ;a"t < t=e ;" $eed% g "e<e""ed t t=e-ed%at ".7 ) T=e -ed%at " -ay a d s=a'' %< s "de"ed "e; "t t t=e C u"t F=et=e" t=e -ed%at% %s <% %s=ed.75) T=e -ed%at " s=a'' t -a e a y "e; "t t C u"t t=e" t=a a "e; "t u de" ;a"ag"a;= 7 ).76) E $e;t as a'' t=e ;a"t%es F= atte d t=e -ed%at% % F"%t% g ag"ee9 e!%de $e s=a'' &e ad-%tted <a yt=% g sa%d " d e &y a y ;e"s at t=e -ed%at% .7@) T=e ag"ee-e t -ay &e -ade at t=e -ed%at% " 'ate".7() T=e C u"t -ay dete"-% e t=e "e-u e"at% < t=e -ed%at "9 a d &y F=at ;a"ty " ;a"t%es a d %F=at ;" ; "t% t=e "e-u e"at% %s t &e ;a%d e%t=e" % t=e <%"st % sta $e " <% a''y.7*) T=e C u"t -ay "de" a y ;a"ty t g%!e se$u"%ty < " t=e "e-u e"at% < t=e -ed%at ".

71/) T=%s Ru'e d es t a;;'y t t=e "e<e"e $e < a ;" $eed% g " a y ;a"t < a ;" $eed% g t-ed%at% &y a Ass $%ate Judge u de" Ru'e 5/./@.1.

5/./@.1 MEDIATION +4 ASSOCIATE JUDGE 6MAS+@"8

,1) WitBout limiti 6 Rule 50#0.,1)> at a : sta6e o7 a 9roceedi 6 a Associate ud6e ma:>itB or

itBout tBe co se t o7 a : 9art:D

,a) o7 Bis or Ber o motio or

,<) o tBe re7ere ce o7 a ud6e o7 tBe CourtD

"de" t=at t=e ;" $eed% g " a y ;a"t < t=e ;" $eed% g &e -ed%ated &y t=e Ass $%ate Judge.72) I< a Ass $%ate Judge u de"ta es a -ed%at% 9 t=e Ass $%ate Judge -ay g%!e a y d%"e$t% F%t="es;e$t t t=e $ du$t < t=e -ed%at% as t=e Ass $%ate Judge t=% s <%t.78) E $e;t s <a" as t=e Ass $%ate Judge t=e"F%se "de"s9 a "de" < " -ed%at% u de" t=%s Ru'es=a'' t ;e"ate as a stay < t=e ;" $eed% g.7 ) E $e;t as a'' t=e ;a"t%es F= atte d t=e -ed%at% % F"%t% g ag"ee9 e!%de $e s=a'' &e ad-%tted <a yt=% g sa%d " d e &y a y ;e"s at t=e -ed%at% .75) A ag"ee-e t "e<e""ed t % ;a"ag"a;= 7 ) -ay &e -ade at t=e -ed%at% " 'ate".

5/./(. RE,ERENCE TO AR+ITRATION,1) At a : sta6e o7 a 9roceedi 6 tBe Court ma:> itB tBe co se t o7 all 9arties> order tBattBe 9roceedi 6 or a @uestio <e re7erred to ar<itratio #

72) A a"&%t"at% "de"ed u de" ;a"ag"a;= 71) s=a'' &e $ du$ted % a$$ "da $e F%t= a d su& e$t t t=e;" !%s% s < t=e Commercial Ar<itratio Act 1'-4 .78) T=e C u"t -ay su& e$t t t=e ;" !%s% s < t=e Commercial Ar<itratio Act 1'-4 &y "de" -adeu de" ;a"ag"a;= 71) " at a y t%-e7a) g%!e su$= d%"e$t% s a d -a e su$= "de"s < " t=e $ du$t < t=e a"&%t"at% as t=e ;a"t%es -ayag"ee " as t=ey -%g=t =a!e ag"eed =ad t=e a"&%t"at% &ee -ade ;u"sua t t a a"&%t"at%ag"ee-e tK7&) -a e su$= "de"s as t t=e "e-u e"at% < t=e a"&%t"at " a d t=e g%!% g < se$u"%ty < " su$="e-u e"at% as %t t=% s <%t.

COUNT4 COURT:

• -ed%at% $a &e "de"ed F%t= F%t= ut ;a"t%es? $ se t: S47A COUNTY COURT ACT

18 | P a g e



• A"&%t"at% F%t= $ se tR50.08 CCR

MAGISTRATES? COURT:

• -ed%at% F F%t= ut ;a"t%es? $ se t: S108• a"&%t"at% F%t= ;a"t%es? $ se t: SS102-106• -atte" 1/9/// MUST g t a"&%t"at% : S102

) LAW2ER& F A!R

Competent legal practice reIuires the a i!it" to a#$ise %!ients a out a ran&e o' a((ro(riate#is(ute reso!ution processes. "ather than marching down the well9worn path of escalating threats tolitigate and inflated claims a&out possi&le trial outcomes it is important for lawyers now to matchdisputes with appropriate dispute resolution methods. $ndeed it may &e a rea%) o' (ro'essiona! oret)i%a! o !i&ations* (er)a(s e$en ne&!i&ent* 'or a !e&a! (ra%titioner to 'ai! to 'u!!" %onsi#er aran&e o' #is(ute reso!ution (ro%esses with the client. 0 LaFs < Aust"a'%a9 Dispute "esolution

• ADR -atte"s 'aFye"s -ay &e % ! '!ed %o U de"sta d% g ad!%s% g "e a;;" ;"%ate ADRo St"u$tu"% g ;a"t%$u'a" DR ;" $esso D"a<t% g ADR ;" !%s% s < " ag"ee-e ts et$.

8) JURISDICTIONINTR !"CTI N

W AT I& IT• or P to <ri 6 Bis case> P must sBo tBat tBe court Bas &/ a d T

Gurisdictio

E?A/• 1) Lead% g L% e P -ust s= F t=e $ u"t =as SM a d T u"%sd%$t%• 2) SMJ 7"ea''y Hu%$ )

o Des$"%&e t=e $'a%- 7t "t9 &"ea$= < 9 statut "y $'a%- et$)o 3=%$= $ u"t %s - st '% e'y t =ea" a d F=y

• 8) TJo D -ust &e ;"ese t F%t=% t=e J F=e ;" $eed% gs a"e $ --e $edo I< t D $a su&-%t t t=e u"%sd%$t% " !a'%d se"!%$e

• ) ,NCo Test % Auso Test % t=e" u"%sd%$t% so A;;'y Aus test a d $ -;a"e

C NTE?T• I u"y $$u""ed % NS39 P %s <" - LD9 D %s <" - %$ F=e"e s= u'd t=e $ase &e

=e'd

P LIC2 • C --e $% g % 3" g Ju"%sd%$t% Resu'ts % :

o C u"t $a st"% e ut state-e t < $'a%-o De'ays < " t=e $ase

1 | P a g e



o C sts ;e a'tyo P ss%&'e ' ss < $ause < a$t% 7statute < '%-%tat% s)

%ERLAP 3ETWEEN "RI&!ICTI N&• O!e"'a;

o 3=e"e t=e"e %s a !e"'a; &etFee u"%sd%$t% s9 P $a $= se e%t=e"

ANC2 =" TE& & T E LECT"RER T INH& 2 " ARE &/ART• C $e;t < J

o T=e $ $e;t < u"%sd%$t% %s " ted % ; Fe" < $ u"ts t e < "$e t=e%" udg-e ts9 a d t=e a-e a&%'%ty < t=e de<e da t t t=e F"%t e ;"ess% g t=eS !e"e%g ?s $ --a d % "%g=t < t=e State < %$t "%a !ixo C i +aurie $Carro!!

• I =e"e t J < t=e C u"to VT=e C u"t =as ; Fe" & t= u de" t=e Ru'es < t=e Su;"e-e C u"t #

% =e"e t'y t e su"e t=at %ts ;" $esses d t &e$ -e a s u"$e < % ust%$et=e-se'!es. It -ay d t=%s &y F=ate!e" % te"' $ut "y "de" %s e$essa"y <" -

"de"% g e$essa"y a-e d-e ts t a ;'ead% g t 9 % a e t"e-e $ase9te"-% at% g t=e ;" $eed% g.W 3o 6ior o i *u s

&u<Gect /atter urisdictio 8 Natu"e < d%s;utes t=at -ay &e ad ud%$ated u; &y ;a"t%$u'a"$ u"t

• E!e ts• Causes < A$t%• S u"$e < LaF• Out$ -e S ug=t

Territorial urisdictio : Pe"s " & d%es !e" F= - $ u"t -ay e e"$%se u"%sd%$t%• Ge g"a;=%$a' & u da"%es• Pe"s s " t=% gs u de" t=e state "u'e

15 | P a g e



&"3 ECT /ATTER "RI&!ICTI N

W AT I& IT• !escri<e tBe ature o7 tBe dis9ute a d BicB court ill Bear it

E?A/• Des$"%&e t=e Natu"e < t=e C'a%-

o 3= a"e t=e ;a"t%es P # Do 3=at %s t=e $'a%- t "t9 &"ea$= < 9 statut "y $'a%-o P%$ F=%$= $ u"t %s &est su%ted

I< ;" $eed% gs =a!e a'"eady $ --e ded9 say F=et=e" t=%s $ u"t %s t=e"%g=t e

o +e su"e t $ s%de" t=e ,C e te s% s u de" A$$"ued 7F= 'e -atte") a dI !ested 7statute) Ju"%sd%$t%

• E a-;'eo J = 7t=e ;'a% t%<<9 P) %s su% g Ma"y 7t=e de<e da t9 D) < " &ea$= < t=e CCA

7t=e eF TPA)o ,ed $ u"t =ea"s -atte"s % ! '!% g <ede"a' 'eg%s'at% u de" %ts "%g% a'

u"%sd%$t% S 1*71) ,CA a d t=e"e< "e t=e ,CA9 a d P9 =a!e SMJ

W IC C "RT ,&TATE "RI&!ICTI N)• CAT

o A$ts

Esta&'%s=ed % 1*** &y t=e -ictorian Civil and Administrative +ri&unal Act '## 6-ic8 Ju"%sd%$t% de"%!es <" - 'eg%s'at% % $'ud% g:

• air +rading Act '###E• "esidential +enancies Act '##:E• Domestic uilding Contracts Act '##5E• @Iual Opportunity Act '##5E• 2lanning and @nvironment Act '# :E and• !uardianship and Administration Act '# 1 .

o Ju"%sd%$t%Dete"-% ed &y ature o7 dis9ute 9 "at=e" t=a a- u t < d%s;uteC%!%' D%!%s% :

• C%!%' $'a%-s• C"ed%t• D -est%$ &u%'d% g• OF e"s• C "; "at%• Rea' ;" ;e"ty• Res%de t%a'• Te a $%es• Reta%' Te a $%es

Ad-% %st"at%!e D%!%s% :• Ge e"a'• La d !a'uat%

16 | P a g e



• Lega' ;"a$t%$e• O$$u;at% a d &us% ess "egu'at%• P'a % g• E !%" -e t• Ta at%

u-a R%g=ts D%!%s%•

A t%0d%s$"%-% at%• Gua"d%a s=%;• ea't= a d ;"%!a$y• Me ta' =ea't=

• Mag%st"ates C u"to A$ts

Mag%st"ates C u"t A$t 1*(*o Ju"%sd%$t%

A y $'a%- < " da-ages " eHu%ta&'e "e'%e< F%t=% u"%sd%$t% a' '%-%t 7u;

t 1//9///) &100I< $'a%- %s < " 1//9// $a &"% g % t=e Mag $ u"t a d a&a d t=e

o E $'udedP"e" gat%!e F"%ts a d eHu%!a'e t ad-% 'aF ;" $eed% gs a"e e $'uded&100,$)

o S;e$%a'%st D%!%s% sHoori A& "%g% a' Ds!ru6 C"%-% a' u"%sd%$t% < " d"ug <<e $es '%-%ted t $e"ta%ge g"a;=%$a' a"eas

amil: %iole ce C"%-% a' a d $%!%' u"%sd%$t% 7a''eged <a-%'y!% 'e $e) '%-%ted t $e"ta% ge g"a;=%$a' a"easNei6B<ourBood ustice !ivisio – C"%-% a' a d $%!%' J 7= -e'ess9A& "%g% a'9 <a-%'y !% 'e $e " $ --u %ty "e'ates %ssues) '%-%ted t$e"ta% ge g"a;=%$a' a"eas

• C=%'d"e ?s C u"to I t" du$t%

I de;e de t C u"t t=e sa-e 'e!e' as t=e Mag C u"tCases =ea"d &y Mag%st"ates

o Ju"%sd%$t%Matte"s $ $e" ed $=%'d"e u de" 1( 7$"%-% a' 'aF) " 1@ 7<a-%'y 'aF)D%!%s% s

• ,a-%'y• C"%-% a' "%• Ne%g=& "= d Just%$e

• C u ty C u"to A$ts

C u ty C u"t A$t 1*5(o O"%g% a' Ju"%sd%$t%

Ge e"a' Ru'e

1@ | P a g e



• A;;'%$at% s9 $'a%-s9 d%s;utes a d $%!%' ;" $eed% gs9 "ega"d'ess< t=e ty;e < "e'%e< s ug=t9 " t=e su& e$t -atte"9 t=at a"e t

e $'uded &y t=%s " a y t=e" A$t &(.,1),a)L%-%t

• N - eta"y '%-%t• P"e!% us '%-%t < 2// a& '%s=ed % 2//@ % a a-e d-e t t

t=e Courts Le6islatio , urisdictio ) Act $00+o S 3=at %s t=e Ju"%sd%$t%

A'' $'a%-s a d ;" $eed% gs !e" 1//9///C'a%-s aga% st -u %$%;a' $ u $%'s < " ' ss % u"y F=%'e us% g $ u $%'" ads9 'a d " &u%'d% gs &(.,1),<)C"%-% a' a;;ea's <" - t=e Mag C u"t 7a;;e''ate u"%sd%$t% )Ot=e" a"eas F=e"e u"%sd%$t% $ <e""ed &y statute 7e.g. Ad-% #P" &ate A$t9 PLA9 TLA9 Ad ;t% A$t)

o CC " SCL ts < !e"'a; s% $e a& '%t% < 2// '%-%t

• P $a $= se F=%$= $ u"t t &"% gCC %s $=ea;e" a d <aste"SC %s - "e a;;" ;"%ate < " $ -;'e $ases

• L%st% g a&%'%ty % $"eases e ;e"t%se

• Su;"e-e C u"to I t"

O"%g% a' u"%sd%$t% 'y a;;e''ate u"%sd%$t% g es t C Ao U '%-%ted Ju"%sd%$t%

SC Vs=a'' &e t=e su;e"% " $ u"t < %$ F%t= u '%-%ted u"%sd%$t%Co stitutio Act ,%ic) &-5,1)U '%-%ted u"%sd%$t% % te"-s < su& e$t -atte" 7u 'ess statutee $'udes) a d - ey

o 8 D%!%s% s 7s%-%'a" t '%sts)C --e"$%a' a d EHu%ty D%!%s%C -- LaF D%!%s%C"%-% a' LaF D%!%s%

o L%sts

C --e"$%a' C u"t• I te s%!e'y -a aged

Ma " T "ts L%st• Ass $%ate udge -a ages % te"' $ut "y stage u t%' $ase %s "eady

< " t"%a' a d =a ded t t=e $%!%' '%stOt=e"s

• Ad-%"a'tyK TECK C "; "at% sK IPK ;'a % gK ta K ' g $ases• a"y% g deg"ees < $ase -a age-e t. E.g. TEC =as a "es u"$es

$ <e"e $e ea"'y % ;" $eed% gs

• C u"t < A;;ea'o I t" du$t%

A;;ea' d%!%s% < t=e SC

1( | P a g e



Esta&'%s=ed % 1**5 u de" t=e Co stitutio ,Court o7 A99eal) Act1''4Made u; < t=e SC C=%e< Just%$e9 a P"es%de t a d $u""e t'y 11 udges <a;;ea'

o Ju"%sd%$t%A;;ea's <" - SC " CC

uest% s < 'aF <" - CAT " Mag C u"t

W IC C "RT , E!ERAL "RI&!ICTI N)• I t" du$t%

o CFt= C st%tut% C=a;te" IIICFt= ud%$%a' ; Fe" $a 'y &e e e"$%sed &y: &.1 Co st

• CA• A <ede"a' $ u"t $"eated &y <ede"a' statute• A state te""%t "y $ u"t % !ested F%t= <ede"a' ; Fe"

• CAo O"%g% a' Ju"%sd%$t%&.5 Co st

Matte"s t=at:• %) a"%se u de" treat:• %%) a<<e$t "e;"ese tat%!es < otBer cou tries• %%%) % ! '!e t=eC tB as a 9art:• %!) $$u" &etFee states K &etFee "es%de ts < d%<<e"e t statesK

&etFee a state a d "es%de t < a t=e" state• !) I ! '!e a F"%t < ma damus 9roBi<itio or i Gu ctio

aga% st a o77icer o7 tBe Commo ealtBo Add%t% a' O"%g% a' Ju"%sd%$t%&.+ Co st Exercised tBrou6B udiciar:

Act 1'0( &(0,a)Pa"'%a-e t -ay -a e 'aFs $ <e""% g "%g% a' u"%sd%$t% t=e %g=C u"t % a y -atte":

• 7%) A"%s% g u de" t=%s C st%tut% " % ! '!% g %tsi ter9retatio• 7%%) A"%s% g u de" a yla s -ade &y t=e Pa"'%a-e t• 7%%%) <Admiralt: a d maritime u"%sd%$t%• 7%!) Re'at% g t t=e same su<Gect matter claimed u der tBe

la s o7 di77ere t &tateso E $'us%!e Ju"%sd%$t% &(- udiciar: Act

CA =as u"%sd%$t% !e" -atte"s a"%s% g d%"e$t'y u de" a y treat: a dsu%ts <et ee &tates a d tBe C tB

o A;;e''ate Ju"%sd%$t% Ju"%sd%$t%

• A;;ea's <" - a'' udg-e ts9 de$"ees9 "de"s a d se te $es &.(Co st

o O< a y ust%$e s e e"$%s% g CA ori6i al u"%sd%$t%o O< a y t=e" 7ederal court e e"$%s% g7ederal

Gurisdictio " t=e &u9reme Court < a y stateI te"' $ut "y Judg-e t

1* | P a g e



• Lea!e < C "eHu%"ed t &"% g a;;ea' < " a y % te"' $ut "y udg-e t &(4 udiciar: Act

A;;ea's <" - S% g'e Judge < ,C• N a;;ea' <" - s% g'e udge de$%s% < t=e ederal Court

e $e;t %< udge Fas e e"$%s% g a;;e''ate u"%sd%$t% < " a;;ea'<" - ,ede"a' Mag%st"ates C u"t s(( ederal Court Act 1'.+

A;;ea's <" - SCs ReHu%"e S;e$%a' Lea!e &(5 udiciar: Act• C"%te"%a < " g"a t% g s;e$%a' 'ea!e: &(5A udiciar: Act

o V t=e %g= C u"t -ay =a!e "ega"d t a y -atte"s t=at %t$ s%de"s "e'e!a t &ut s=a'' =a!e "ega"d t :

7a) F=et=e" ;" $eed% gs % ! '!e a @uestio o7la :

• 7%) t=at %s <9u<lic im9orta ce 9 F=et=e"&e$ause < %ts ge e"a' a;;'%$at% "

t=e"F%seK "•

7%%) % "es;e$t < F=%$=a decisio o7 tBei6B Court 9 as t=e <% a' a;;e''ate $ u"t9 %sre@uired to resolve di77ere ces o7o9i io <et ee di77ere t courts 9 "F%t=% t=e e $ u"t9 as t tBe state o7 tBela K a d

7&) F=et=e" tBe i terests o7 tBe admi istratioo7 Gustice 9 e%t=e" ge e"a''y " % t=e ;a"t%$u'a" $ase9"eHu%"e $ s%de"at% &y t=e %g= C u"t < t=e

udg-e t t F=%$= t=e a;;'%$at% "e'ates

• Su$= Ot=e" ,ed C u"ts as Pa"' C"eateso 1*@5 ,a-%'y C u"to 1*@6 ,ede"a' C u"to 1*** ,ed Mag C u"t

• ,ede"a' C u"to I t" du$t%

C"eated &y ederal Court o7 Australia Act 1'.+8 % e e"$%se < CFt=Pa"' ; Fe" $ <e""ed &y s.1 Co st

o O"%g% a' Ju"%sd%$t%Ru'e

• L%-%ted t -atte"s % "es;e$t < F=%$= Pa"' =as s;e$%<%$a''y% !ested t=e $ u"t F%t= u"%sd%$t%

• U de" s1',1) < ,CA A$t a d s..,i) C st%tut% Ju"%sd%$t%

• Pe" s1',1) ,e#era! Court A%t : =as ori6i al Gurisdictio %-atte"s F=%$= t=e C -- Fea't= =as s9eci7icall: i vested %tF%t=

o

I !ested Ju"%sd%$t% 7Adds t O"%g% a') &.. Co stRu'e• 3%t= "es;e$t t a y < t=e -atte"s -e t% ed % t=e 'ast tF

se$t% s t=e Pa"'%a-e t -ay -a e 'aFs:

2/ | P a g e



o 7%) de<% % g t=e Gurisdictio o7 a : 7ederal court t=e"t=a t=e %g= C u"tK

o 7%%) de<% % gexte t to BicB tBe Gurisdictio o7 a :7ederal court sBall <e exclusive < t=at F=%$= &e' gst " %s % !ested % t=e $ u"ts < t=e StatesK

o 7%%%)i vesti 6 a : court o7 a &tate F%t= <ede"a'

u"%sd%$t% .A;;'%$at%

• a"d'y "e'e!a t• E.g. Ce"ta% a"eas < t=e CCA 7 eF TPA) $a t &e =ea"d &y SC

a d -ust &e =ea"d &y ,Co A;;e''ate Ju"%sd%$t%

Ju"%sd%$t%• A;;ea's <" - s% g'e udge < ,C• A;;ea's <" - udg-e ts < a State C u"t 7+ut NOT t=e <u'' SCA)

M ey• U '%-%ted - eta"y

o A$$"ued Ju"%sd%$t% 7A'' -atte"s % $ t" !e"sy)Ru'e

• C u"t s=a'' g"a t a'' "e-ed%es t t=e ;a"t%es &e< "e %t a;;ea" t&e e t%t'ed s t=at9 as <a" as ; ss%&'e9 a'' matters ico trovers: &etFee t=e ;a"t%es -ay &e $ -;'ete'y a d <% a''ydete"-% ed &$$ CA

• Polic:8 A! %d a -u't%;'%$%ty < ;" $eed% gs• /atters8 De<% ed &" ad'y

3= 'e C t" !e"sy• Ru'e

o ,C =as t=e u"%sd%$t% t dete"-% e t=e F= 'e $ t" !e"sy&etFee t=e ;a"t%es9 e!e %< s -e ;a"t < %t F u'd

t=e"F%se &e uts%de %ts u"%sd%$t% e cott v /uller• Matte"

o A'' $auses < a$t% a"%s% g <" - t=e sa-ee!e ts t"a sa$t% s Re Wa im

• A;;'%$at%o Dete"-% e F=et=e" t=e <ede"a' $ause < a$t% %s >"ea'

e ug=?o T=%s %s a Huest% < deg"ee

I ,e $ tt9 $'a%-s u de" CL a d TPA Fe"e a'' FedD%s$"et% a"y

• A$$"ued Ju"%sd%$t% %s d%s$"et% a"y&tac v Coast &ecuritiesPBilli9 /orris

LEA!IN* CA&E&• ,e $ tt ! Mu''e" 71*(8)

o ,a$tsI ! '!ed t=e sa'e < a "estau"a t a d a F% e &a" % Pe"t=

T=e ;u"$=ase" a''eged <a'se "e;"ese tat% s as t ;" <%ts a d tu" !e"< t=e &us% ess

21 | P a g e



• Sued < " <"aud9 &"ea$= < $ t"a$t9 eg'%ge $e a d &"ea$= < TPA CCA

A's $'a%-s aga% st t=e" "es; de ts < " % de- %t%es a d &"ea$= <<%du$%a"y dutyRes; de ts $ te ded t=e ;" $eed% g Fas e t%"e'y uts%de t=e

u"%sd%$t% < t=e ,ede"a' C u"to e'd

C u"t =as u"%sd%$t% t dete"-% e t=e F= 'e < t=e $ t" !e"sy&etFee t=e ;a"t%es9 e!e %< s -e ;a"t < t=e $ t" !e"sy F u'd

t=e"F%se &e uts%de t=e u"%sd%$t%• Matte" Q a'' $auses < a$t% a"%s% g <" - t=e sa-e

e!e ts t"a sa$t% s3=et=e" ,ede"a' -atte" "ea' %s e ug= %s a Huest% < deg"ee

TERRIT RIAL "RI&!ICTI N

W AT I& IT• TBe Court re@uires Gurisdictio over tBe !

E?A/• A"eas < Ju"%sd%$t%• Te""%t "%a' Ju"%sd%$t%

o P"ese $eK ORo D su&-%tsK ORo a'%d se"!%$e

AREAS O, JURISDICTION

• Co stitutio Act ,%ic) s -5,1) Su& e$t t t=%s A$t t=e C u"t s=a'' =a!e u"%sd%$t% %" % "e'at% to %ictoria its de9e de cies a d tBe areas adGace t t=e"et % a''

$ases F=ats e!e" a d s=a'' &e t=e su;e"% " $ u"t < %$t "%a F%t= u '%-%ted u"%sd%$t% • Coastal Waters ,&tate Po ers) Act 1'-0 F Coastal Waters ,&tate Title) Act

1'-0o 7Ct=): States =a!e 'eg%s'at%!e ; Fe"s !e" 8 aut%$a' -%'es < $ asta' Fate"s.

TE RRITORIAL JU RISDICTI ON

R"LE• TBe Court re@uires Gurisdictio over tBe ! 7Te""%t "%a' % ;e"s a- u"%sd%$t% )• /ust sBo o e o78

o D ;"ese t % t=e u"%sd%$t%OR

o D su&-%ts t u"%sd%$t%OR

22 | P a g e



o a'%d se"!%$e D

E?A/• 1) PRESENCE O, DE,ENDANT IN T E JURISDICTION

o P"e!% us'yP"ese $e F%t=% t=e state 7 " "-a' "es%de $y) Fas esse t%a' t

e e"$%se u"%sd%$t% .Laurie v Carrollo N F

P"ese $e %s t "eHu%"ed9 %< D su&-%ts9 " t=e"e %s !a'%d se"!%$e

• 2) DE,ENDANT SU+MITS TO JURISDICTIONo Ru'e

3=e"e de<e da t ! 'u ta"%'y su&-%ts t t=e u"%sd%$t% T=%s %s d e &y <%'% g a u $ d%t% a' a;;ea"a $e D %s ta e t =a!esu&-%tted t t=e u"%sd%$t%

o C t"a$tIt %s ; ss%&'e t su&-%t t a u"%sd%$t% u de" a $'ause % a %< t=at "e<e"s t a s;e$%<%$ $ u"t %o6el v HoB stamm

• 8) ALID SER ICE 3IT IN OUTSIDE JURISDICTIONo Statut "y E te s% < Te""%t "%a' Ju"%sd%$t%

C u"t -ay =a!e !a'%d % ;e"s a- u"%sd%$t% !e" a de<e da t uts%de u"%sd%$t% F= %s !a'%d'y se"!ed F%t= ;" $eed% g Laurie v Carroll

o A$tsI A t=e" State

• &ervice a d Executio o7 Process Act 1''$8 G%!es $ u"ts <states a d te""%t "%es Aust"a'%a0F%de % ;e"s a- u"%sd%$t%Ho tis v 3arli

I A t=e" C u t"y• rder . a'' Fs s -e e F= %s !e"seas t &e se"!ed• &u9reme Court Rules 7or verseas &ervice : C !e"s se"!%$e

uts%de < Aust"a'%aK &ut "eHu%"es s -e e us &etFee $ase "de<e da t # t=e < "u-

o I.e. $ t"a$t &tF NB # IC9 u"%sd%$t% $ u'd &e e%t=e";'a$e d ?t Fa t 2 $ases

R"/ N N C N%ENIEN& , %ERLAP 3ETWEEN C "NTRIE&)

W AT I& IT• Courts Bave tBe 9o er to sta: a 9roceedi 6 i7 it is i a clearl:

i a99ro9riate 7orum

C NTE?T• Used F=e D Fa ts t $ te d t=at P =as &" ug=t t=e ;" $eed% g % a u"%sd%$t%

t=at %s $'ea"'y % a;;" ;"%ate

E?A/

28 | P a g e



• Ru'eo D -ay a;;'y t =a!e t=e C u"t 7;e" (./*) set as%de se"!%$e < F"%t " stay

;" $eed% gs t=e &as%s t=at %$t "%a %s t a $ !e %e t < "u- .#05,$),<)• Test % Aus

o TESTStay F%'' &e g"a ted %< t=e Aust"a'%a $ u"t %s a %!ear!" ina((ro(riate

'oru %otB ,3re a )o 3=at %s CI,

T=e $ u"t F%'' &e $'ea"'y % a;;" ;"%ate %< co ti uatio ould <eo99ressive> vexatious or a a<use o7 9rocess %otB

o 3=at %s O;;"ess%!e9 e at% us " a A&use < P" $ess T dete"-% e9 ' at: %otB

• Re'e!a t $ e$t% g <a$t "s &9iliada ,9er Lord *o77) AND

• Leg%t%-ate ;e"s a' " u"%d%$a' ad!a tage &9iliada ,9er Lord*o77)AND

• Ca a's ' at F " ' ad a d &a$ ' g < t=e C u"t 3 PAND

• S%-%'a" $a"e % $u""e t u"%sd%$t% 9 &ette" t stay t=e"e due te ;e"t%se Cam<rid6esBire actor 7orm &9iliada

o C e$t% g ,a$t "s <" - S;%'%ada1. Ex9e se a d co ve ie ce2. 3=e"e d%d t=e cause o7 actio arise8. 3=e"e d t=e 9arties reside or carr: o <usi ess

. 3=e"e d t=e -a "%ty < t=e it esses reside 7L at$ !e %e $e < " F%t esses as Fe'' as t=e ;a"t%es)5. 3=%$= la ill a99l: 6over s tBe releva t tra sactio6. A"e t=e"e a y otBer 9arties i volved # a"e t=ey a-e a&'e 7%e'%a&'e t ) t a y ;a"t%$u'a" u"%sd%$t%

o E a-;'e: OTStay % t= g"a ted due t :

• Breach / Most of damage, evidence and other witnesses in USA• Most applicable (tax) law was in the US• One part in each !"risdiction• #n the US, the limitation period had expired, b"t $ promised the wo"ldn%t "se that

as a defence• Test % M st Ot=e" CL Ju"%sd%$t% s

o Stay F%'' &e g"a ted %< a t=e" < "u- %s - "e a;;" ;"%ate &9iliada /aritimeCor9oratio v Ca sulex

• C -;a"% g t=e Testso Aus %s &ette" < " P as %t %s as - "e d%<<%$u't test a d t=e"e< "e t=e"e %s 'ess

$=a $e t=e ;" $eed% g F%'' &e stayedo Aus uses t=%s test as %t d es NOT % ! '!e t=e assess-e t < t=e

a;;" ;"%ate ess < a $ u"t % a t=e" u"%sd%$t% 9 ust t=e a;;" ;"%ate ess <t=e $u""e t $ u"t

LEA!IN* CA&E

2 | P a g e



• t= ! Ma %'d"a ,' u" M%''s 7 CA)o ,a$ts

P'a% t%<< $ --e $ed ;" $eed% gs % NS3 aga% st a a$$ u ta t;"a$t%s% g % M%ss u"%9 USA

• A$t% < " da-ages < " ;" <ess% a' eg'%ge $e• P a''eged S <a%'ed t ad!%se Ps '%a&%'%ty t a$$ u t t t=e I 'a d

Re!e ue Se"!%$e 7USA) < " F%t== 'd% g ta 9 F=e"e&y ;e a't%esa d % te"est &e$a-e ;aya&'e

Res; de t s ug=t t stay t=e ;" $eed% gs t=e g" u d t=at t=eNS3 $ u"t 'a$ ed u"%sd%$t%

o e'd 7 CA)CA "de"ed t=e NS3 a$t% &e stayed3e have little dou&t that Missouri is the more appropriate forum &ut it

does not necessarily follow that 0ew South 3ales is a clearlyinappropriate forum ...$n favour of a stay are the considerations that the action has asu&stantial connection with the law of Missouri the relevant acts andomissions too7 place predominantly in Missouri and the professionalstandards will therefore &e relevant to his lia&ility if anyE in large partthe damage which the appellant was alleged to have caused wasrefera&le to /nited States ta ation lawE and the greater part of theevidence in any trial of the action would &e found in MissouriOn the other hand the plaintiffs in the action are residents of 0ewSouth 3ales and may therefore reasona&ly point to the advantages tothem in practical terms of &ringing actions in the local courtsK

L the principles to &e applied in applications to set aside service andin applications for a stay on the inappropriate forum grounds are thosestated &y Deane , in Oceanic Sun at pp (4:9(4$n the application of those principles the discussion &y Bord !off in

Spiliada 6at pp 4::94: 4 (94 48 of relevant ;connecting factors* and;a legitimate personal or juridical advantage* provides valua&leassistance.K S;%'%ada <a$t "s: % $'ude

• E ;e se a d $ !e %e $e• 3=e"e d%d t=e $ause < a$t% a"%se• 3=e"e d t=e ;a"t%es "es%de " $a""y &us% ess• 3=e"e d t=e -a "%ty < t=e F%t esses "es%de• 3=%$= 'aF F%'' a;;'y• A"e t=e"e a y t=e" ;a"t%es % ! '!ed a d a"e t=ey a-e a&'e t

a y ;a"t%$u'a" u"%sd%$t%Stay should &e granted if the local court is a clearly inappropriate

forum which will &e the case if continuation of the proceedings in thatcourt would e o((ressi$e 6in the sense of seriously and unfairly&urdensome prejudicial or damaging8 or $e atious 6in the sense of

productive of serious and unjustified trou&le and harassment8 or ana use o' (ro%ess .K

CR &&;%E&TIN* "RI&I!CTI N ,/ %IN* R / &TATE T &TATE> &TATET E!> E! T &TATE)

W AT I& IT• /ovi 6 7rom &tate to a otBer &tate> 7rom &tate to ed> or 7rom ed to

&tate

25 | P a g e



• I troduced i 1'-. to allo eacB court to 9rovide a com9lete relie7

C NTE?T• T"a s<e" <" - a State C u"t t State " ,ed• T"a s<e" <" - a ,ed C u"t t a State C u"t• E.g. A sues + < " &"ea$= < CCA % SC + Fa ts %t - !ed t t=e ,C

E?A/• 1) Esta&'%s= !est% g $ -; e t• 2) Esta&'%s= t"a s<e" $ -; e t• 8) C= se C A$t• ) C= se "e'e!a t SS < S5• 5) T"a s<e" MUST &e -ade 78 $$as% s)• +) /ore a99ro9riate

1. ESTING CON,ERRAL O, JURISDICTION

W AT I& T I&• S= F F=%$= a$t g%!es u"%sd%$t% t t=e "e'e!a t $ u"t• S= F F=%$= a$t "e$e%!es t=e u"%sd%$t%

TRAN& ER T &TATE C "RT> R / AN2W ERE• 3=%$= A$t G%!es Ju"%sd%$t%

o S.4 Jurisdiction of Courts (Cross-Vesting) Act 1987 (Vic) gives original !"risdiction to StateS&s of other States ' he giving*

o Ea$= state a te""%t "y =as a %de t%$a' A$t• 3=%$= A$t Re$e%!es Ju"%sd%$t%

o S.9 Jurisdiction of Courts (Cross-Vesting) Act 1987 (Vic) Allows the +ic S& to "se the !"risdiction of the other S&s ' the receiving

o Ea$= state a te""%t "y =as a %de t%$a' A$t

TRAN& ER T E! C "RT> R / AN2W ERE• 3=%$= A$t G%!es Ju"%sd%$t%

o revio"slS.4 Jurisdiction of Courts (Miscellaneous Amendments) Act 1987 (Ct ) gives the -&

!"risdiction to all State S&s (with not excl"sions) ' he giving*his was declared constit"tionall invalid as it gives state !"risdiction to a federal co"rt Re

Wa im Ex Parte /cNall:o .ow

,ed $ u"t $a use %ts a$$"ued u"%sd%$t% t e e"$%se State u"%sd%$t%F=e"e %t a"%ses <" - t=e sa-e -atte" 7se"%es < t"a sa$t% s) ReWa im 7See - "e a& !e)Ot=e"F%se t=e ,C $a NOT e e"$%se State u"%sd%$t%

2. TRANS,ER O, PROCEEDINGS

26 | P a g e



W AT I& IT• I<<otB tBe tra s7erri 6 court a d tBe receivi 6 court Bave tBe Gurisdictio

to Bear tBe case 9 t=e t=e court Bere 9roceedi 6s are comme ced catra s7er to a more a99ro9riate court i7 tBere is o e .

TRAN& ER• P '%$y

o Me$=a %s- < " t"a s<e" < ;" $eed% gs t &est0su%ted $ u"t9 &ut eed te su"e t=at t=e s$=e-e d es t < ste" < "u-0s= ;;% g9 a d -a% ta% s t=e

u"%sd%$t% a' &a'a $e &etFee !a"% us $ u"ts• Se'e$t t=e A;;" ;"%ate Se$t%

o I " Des%"edSe$t% %s &ased t=e Ju"%sd%$t% y u a"e % 9 t t=e des%"ed ' $at%

o Ru'eC u"ts -ay t"a s<e" t ea$= t=e" ;e" urisdictio o7 Courts ,Cross;%esti 6) Act 1'-. ,%ic)

• &5,1) <" - Su;"e-e C u"t t ,ede"a' " ,a-%'y C u"t• &5,$) <" - %$ Su;"e-e C u"t t a t=e" Su;"e-e C u"t• &5,() <" - a t=e" Su;"e-e C u"t t %$ Su;"e-e C u"t• &5,4) <" - ,ede"a' " ,a-%'y C u"t t Su;"e-e C u"t• &5,5) <" - ,ede"a' " ,a-%'y C u"t t ,ede"a' " ,a-%'y C u"t

W ERE TRAN& ER /"&T 3E /A!E• Ru'e

o T=e"e a"e 8 $$as% s % F=%$= a ;" $eed% g MUST &e t"a s<e""ed:1) Se;a"ate +ut Re'ated P" $eed% gs

• T=e"e a"e se;a"ate &ut "e'ated ;" $eed% gs ;e d% g % ad%<<e"e t $ u"t9 a d t=e $ u"t $ s%de"s %t F u'd &e morea99ro9riate < " a'' ;" $eed% gs t &e de$%ded &y t=e t=e" $ u"ts5, ),<),i)

2) M "e A;;" ;"%ate• It F u'd &e - "e a;;" ;"%ate < " a t=e" $ u"t t =ea" t=e

;" $eed% g s5, ),<),ii)o &ee /A de7i itio <eloo D es NOT =a!e t &e t=e sa-e ;a"t%eso MUST &e $ -- Huest%

8) I te"ests < Just%$e• D es NOT a;;'y t Su; t ,ed 7S571)) as t=%s %s $ st%tut% a'

&"ea$=• It %s % t=e % te"ests < ust%$e t=at t=e"e &e a t"a s<e" s5, ),<)

,iii)• ,NC d es t ;'ay a " 'e % dete"-% % g I J9 &ut S;%'%ada <a$t "s

$a &e =e';<u' 3 P• A;;'%$at% ,/A)

o I dete"-% % g t=e - "e a;;" ;"%ate9 t=e $ u"t MUST =a!e "ega"d t1) 3=e"e F u'd $ase =a!e &ee =ea"d %< t=e"e Fas C 'eg%s'at%

• Is t=e <%"st $ u"t % $a;a&'e < =ea"% g t=e ;" $eed% g9 a d %sa t=e" $ u"t $a;a&'e < =ea"% g %t

• E.g. + P F u'd =a!e &ee =ea"d % LD as "%g=ts Fe"e &e% g;u"sued u de" t=e M ey Le de"s A$t 7 LD)

2) LaF < a t=e" u"%sd%$t%• T F=at e te t d es t=e -atte" % ! '!e t=e a;;'%$at% < 'aF

<" - a t=e" u"%sd%$t%

2@ | P a g e



• E.g. + P C'ause % sa%d "e'e!a t 'aF Fas LD a d t=e"e'e!a t a$t Fas <" - LD

8) IOJ a d M "e A;;" ;"%ate• I t=e IOJ9 %s %t - "e a;;" ;"%ate t=e ;" $eed% g &e dete"-% ed

&y a t=e" SC• ,NC d es t ;'ay a " 'e % dete"-% % g IOJ9 &ut S;%'%ada <a$t "s

$a &e =e';<u' 3 Po C e$t% g ,a$t "s <" - S;%'%ada

1. Ex9e se a d co ve ie ce2. 3=e"e d%d t=e cause o7 actio arise8. 3=e"e d t=e 9arties reside or carr: o<usi ess

. 3=e"e d t=e -a "%ty < t=e it esses reside 7L at $ !e %e $e < " F%t esses as Fe'' as t=e;a"t%es)5. 3=%$= la ill a99l: 6over s tBe releva ttra sactio6. A"e t=e"e a y otBer 9arties i volved # a"et=ey a-e a&'e 7%e '%a&'e t ) t a y ;a"t%$u'a"

u"%sd%$t%

LEA!IN* CA&E• + P +%''%t ! S=u't

o ,a$tsP'a% t%<< su<<e"ed <" - as&est s%s9 F=%$= =e $'a%-ed Fas t=e "esu't <e ; su"e t as&est s F=%'e =e F " ed < " + P at 3=ya''a % S ut=Aust"a'%aP $ --e $ed ;" $eed% gs % NS3 Dust D%seases T"%&u a'Ds s ug=t t =a!e t=e -atte" t"a s<e""ed t t=e Su;"e-e C u"t <S ut= Aust"a'%a

• It Fas t % d%s;ute t=at t=e 'aF < SA F u'd &e t=e su&sta t%!e'aFs t=at F u'd g !e" t=e $'a%-

T=e u"%s;"ude t%a' &as%s < t=e $" ss0!est% g 'aF d%<<e"s <" - t=e$ -- 'aF "e'at% g t ,NC De$%s% &y $ u"ts < F=%$= %s t=e - "ea;;" ;"%ate

o e'd+he interests of justice are not the same as the interests of one party

and there may &e interests wider than those of either party to &econsidered*.S;eed F%t= F=%$= a $ u"t t"%&u a' $a dea' F%t= t=e $ase %s a$ s%de"at% "e'e!a t t t=e % te"ests < ust%$e

uest% F=at d t=e % te"ests < ust%$e "eHu%"e T=% gs '% e >< "u-s $ !e %e s? d t ;'ay a " 'e % t=%s %ssue. Fe!e"9 t=e Spiliada

<a$t "s $a &e =e';<u' % a sFe"% g t=%s Huest%• E ;e se a d $ !e %e $e• 3=e"e d%d t=e $ause < a$t% a"%se• 3=e"e d t=e ;a"t%es "es%de " $a""y &us% ess• 3=e"e d t=e -a "%ty < t=e F%t esses "es%de• 3=%$= 'aFs F%'' a;;'y g !e" t=e "e'e!a t t"a sa$t%• A"e t=e"e a y t=e" ;a"t%es % ! '!ed a d a"e t=ey a-e a&'e 7%.e.

'%a&'e) t a y ;a"t%$u'a" u"%sd%$t%• 3=et=e" t=e"e %s a s%g %<%$a t &a$ ' g < $ases % ; ss. $"t <

t"a s<e"

2( | P a g e



• F %-; "ta t a"e t=e %ssues a d F=at "d d t=ey "e'y

2* | P a g e



) INSTITUTING PROCEEDINGSW AT I& T I& A3 "T

• F t sta"t a ;" $eed% g

E?A/ &TR"CT"RE• 1) I t" C"a;o C'%e t Ma age-e t 7Hu%$ )o Lette"s < De-a d 7Hu%$ )o ADR 7%< "e'e!a t Hu%$ )

• 2) Ide t%<y Pa"t%es X Cause < A$t%• 8) D es P =a!e Sta d% g

o P"%!ate "%g=to S;e$%a' % te"est

• ) Ca;a$%tyo Po Do E.g. D %s a $ "; "at% a d t=e"e< "e =as $a;a$%ty t &e sued u de" s12

$ "; "at% s a$t• 5) O!e"a"$=% g O&'%gat% s 7Hu%$ )• 6) O"%g% at% g P" $ess

o I t" '% e 7;" $eed% g $ --e ded &y <%'% g OP)o 3"%to OM

• @) L%-%tat% < A$t% s

A) CLIENT /ANA*E/ENT

%ER%IEW• u%$ e " tF '% es a& ut CM

CLIENT /ANA*E/ENT• Lead% g L% e

o C -;'a% ts a& ut 'aFye"s? $ du$t =as "esu'ted % "u'es g !e" % g t=es '%$%t " $'%e t "e'at% s=%;

•

C --u %$at% +etFee S '%$%t " a d C'%e to S= u'd d%s$' se a'' a!a%'a&'e ;t% s a d $ seHue $eso MUST e ;'a% <ees a d $ -;'a% ts =a d'% g ;" $edu"e LPA $004

ees8 = F t=ey a"e $=a"ged a d $a'$u'atedCom9lai ts8 = F t $ -;'a% a& ut a s '%$%t "s? &e=a!% u"

C &T& !I&CL &"RE ,/ RE !ETAIL – NL2 "&E I &PECI ICALL2 A&HE!)• Se$t% 8. .* D%s$' su"e < C sts t C'%e ts

o S '%$%t " -ust d%s$' se t a $'%e t: T=e &as%s F=%$= 'ega' $ sts F%'' &e $a'$u'atedK T=e $'%e t?s "%g=t t :

• Neg t%ate a $ sts ag"ee-e t F%t= t=e 'aF ;"a$t%$eK a d• Re$e%!e a &%'' <" - t=e 'aF ;"a$t%$eK a d• ReHuest a %te-%sed &%'' F%t=% 8/ days a<te" "e$e%;t < a 'u-;

su- &%''.

8/ | P a g e



A est%-ate < t=e t ta' 'ega' $ sts "9 %< t=at %s t "eas a&'y;"a$t%$a&'e:

• A "a ge < est%-ates < t=e t ta' 'ega' $ stsK a d• A e ;'a at% < t=e -a " !a"%a&'es t=at F%'' a<<e$t t=e

$a'$u'at% < t= se $ stsK a dDeta%'s < t=e % te"!a's 7%< a y) at F=%$= t=e $'%e t F%'' &e &%''edK a dI< t=e -atte" %s a '%t%g% us -atte"9 a est%-ate <

• T=e "a ge < $ sts t=at -ay &e "e$ !e"ed %< t=e $'%e t %ssu$$ess<u' % t=e '%t%gat% K a d

• T=e "a ge < $ sts t=e $'%e t -ay &e "de"ed t ;ay %< t=e $'%e t%s u su$$ess<u'.

3) LETTER& !E/AN!8 PLAINTI

%ER%IEW•

u%$ e '% es a& ut P se d% g a LOD ;"% " t $ --e d% g ;" $eed% gs

LETTER& !E/AN!• 3=at %s %t

o Lette" <" - P t D de-a d% g t=at D d s -et=% g e.g. ;ay a su- < - ey• +e e<%ts

o G d ;"a$t%$eo O;e s d%s$uss%o N t%<%es t=e ;a"tyo Ca a! %d '%t%gat%

• O<<e" < " Sett'e-e to LOD -ay % $'ude a <<e" < " sett'e-e to Ca &e >F%t= ut ;"e ud%$e? 7see $ sts)

PRE;LITI*ATI N PR T C L• I t=e U

o Ce"ta% $ateg "%es < $%!%' '%t%gat% "eHu%"e ;a"t%es t ta e ste;s ;"% " t$ --e $% g ;" $eed% gs

o I $'ude:Lette"s < De-a dRes; se t LODMeet% g t Neg t%ate

o T=e "y %s t=at %ssu% g ;" $eed% gs s= u'd &e a 'ast "es "t• %$t "%a

o P ss%&'e Ru'e T=e Civil 2rocedure Act (>'> C=a;te" 8 P"e0'%t%gat% ReHu%"e-e tsW;" ; sed t=at d%s;ut% g -ust ta e reasona !e ste(s t "es '!e t=e%"d%s;utes9 " t $'a"%<y a d a"" F t=e %ssues &e< "e su% g

o Re;ea'edFe!e"9 t=e A$t %s ;" ; sed t &e "e;ea'ed &e< "e %t $ -es % t < "$e.

o P"e0L%t%gat% ReHu%"e-e ts>Reas a&'e ste;sY

• T=e e $=a ge < $ ""es; de $e9 % < "-at% a d d $u-e ts"e'at% g t t=e d%s;uteAND

• T=e $ s%de"at% < ;t% s < " "es '!% g t=e d%s;ute F%t= ut t=eeed < " ;" $eed% gs

81 | P a g e



Neg t%at% s ADR• Pa"t%es Y-ust t u "eas a&'y "e<use t ;a"t%$%;ate % ge u% e

a d "eas a&'e eg t%at% s " a;;" ;"%ate d%s;ute "es 'ut% YCe"t%<%$at%

• O $e '%t%gat% %s $ --e $ed9 ea$= ;a"ty -ust $e"t%<y F=et=e" %t=as sat%s<%ed t=e ;"e0'%t%gat% "eHu%"e-e ts a d9 %< t9 t=e 0$ -;'y% g ;a"t%es -ust state &"%e<'y F=y t=at %s t=e $ase

o Sa $t% s < " N 0C -;'%a $eA ;a"ty $a $ --e $e ;" $eed% gs F%t= ut $ -;'y% g F%t= t=e ;"e0'%t%gat% "eHu%"e-e tC u"t -ay "de" t=at a ;a"ty 7 " t=e ;a"tyYs 'ega' "e;"ese tat%!e) ;ay

t=e" ;a"t%esY $ sts < $ -;'%a $e F%t= t=e ;"e0'%t%gat% "eHu%"e-e tsC u"t -ay a's ta e % t a$$ u t a ;a"tyYs <a%'u"e t $ -;'y F%t= t=ese"eHu%"e-e ts F=e $ s%de"% g Huest% s < $ sts ge e"a''y a d %-a % g a y ;" $edu"a' "de"s % t=e ;" $eed% g

C) &TAN!IN*8 PLAINTI

W AT I& IT• P -ust s= F =e =as sta d% g " su<<%$%e t % te"est % t=e su& e$t -atte" < t=e

'eg%s'at%• Sta d% g %s su<<%$%e t $ e$t% t 9 a d =a"- <" -9 t=e 'aF " a$t% $=a''e ged t

su;; "t t=at ;a"ty?s ;a"t%$%;at% % t=e $ase• A A locus standi

&TAN!IN*•

TESTo P -ust s= F =e =as e%t=e":A ;"%!ate "%g=tORA s;e$%a' % te"est % t=e su& e$t -atte" < t=e a$t%

• s;e$%a' % te"estW d es t eed t % ! '!e a 'ega' " ;e$u %a"y"%g=t &ut =as t &e - "e t=a a >-e"e % te''e$tua' " e- t% a'$ $e" ? a d -ust &e a % te"est t=at %s d%<<e"e t <" - t=at < a

"d% a"y -e-&e" < t=e ;u&'%$ A C• Ea$= $ase de$%ded %ts F <a$ts us• See <a$t "s &e' F

o

S;e$%a' I te"est ,a$t "s <" - A CM "e t=a Me"e E- t% a' C $e"• V a % te"est9 < " ;"ese t ;u"; ses9 d es t -ea a -e"e

% te''e$tua' " e- t% a' $ $e"• a -e"e &e'%e!e " $ $e" 9 = Fe!e" ge u% e9 d es t % %tse'<

$ st%tute a su<<%$%e t ' $us sta d%W 7Mas J at 5 ()Ga% Ad!a tage

• A ;e"s %s t % te"ested F%t=% t=e -ea % g < t=e "u'e9 u 'ess=e %s '% e'y t ga% s -e ad!a tage9 t=e" t=a t=e sat%s<a$t%

< "%g=t% g a F" g9 u;= 'd% g a ;"% $%;'e " F% % g a $ test9 %<=%s a$t% su$$eeds " t su<<e" s -e d%sad!a tage9 t=e" t=a a

se se < g"%e!a $e " a de&t < " $ sts %< =%s a$t% <a%'s 7Mas Jat 58/)D es NOT =a!e t I ! '!e a Lega' " Pe$u %a"y R%g=t

82 | P a g e



• Fe!e"9 %t d es t =a!e t % ! '!e a 'ega' " ;e$u %a"y "%g=t7Mas J at 58/) " t=at t=e ;'a% t%<< a d 0 e e'se ; ssess t=e;a"t%$u'a" % te"est

S;e$%a' I te"est• A s;e$%a' % te"est e %sts F=e"e t=e ;'a% t%<< $a s= F a$tua' "

a;;"e=e ded % u"y " da-age t =%s " =e" ;" ;"%eta"y "%g=ts9&us% ess " e$ -%$ % te"ests a d ;e"=a;s s $%a' " ; '%t%$a'% te"ests. 7Mas J at 58/)

C "; "at%• A $ "; "at% " ass $%at% d es t a$Hu%"e sta d% g -e"e'y

&e$ause s -e < %ts -e-&e"s ; ssess %t 7G%&&s J at 581)•

• Pu&'%$ I te"est G" u;so Ru'e

Sa-e test as a& !e9 &ut $ u"ts te d t ta e add%t% a' $ s%de"at% s% t a$$ u tE.g. G" u; -ust s= F t=at %t %s "e;"ese tat%!e < a s%g %<%$a t ;u&'%$$ $e" 9 a d =as a >esta&'%s=ed % te"est % t=e a"ea?

o A a'ys%sSta d% g t="es= 'd %s a"gua&'y =%g=e" < " a g" u; t=a < " a % d%!%dua'

isBer F Hir > J&till &ta di 68 A Ar6ume t 7or 9e &ta di 6i Australia a d E 6la dK .1 Austra!ian +aw /ourna! (.0> (.+,1''.)

LEA!IN* CA&E&• A,C ! C -- Fea't= 71*(/)

o e'dM "e t=a Me"e E- t% a' C $e"

• V a % te"est9 < " ;"ese t ;u"; ses9 d es t -ea a -e"e% te''e$tua' " e- t% a' $ $e"

• a -e"e &e'%e!e " $ $e" 9 = Fe!e" ge u% e9 d es t % %tse'<$ st%tute a su<<%$%e t ' $us sta d%W 7Mas J at 5 ()

Ga% Ad!a tage• A ;e"s %s t % te"ested F%t=% t=e -ea % g < t=e "u'e9 u 'ess

=e %s '% e'y t ga% s -e ad!a tage9 t=e" t=a t=e sat%s<a$t%< "%g=t% g a F" g9 u;= 'd% g a ;"% $%;'e " F% % g a $ test9 %<

=%s a$t% su$$eeds " t su<<e" s -e d%sad!a tage9 t=e" t=a ase se < g"%e!a $e " a de&t < " $ sts %< =%s a$t% <a%'s 7Mas Jat 58/)

D es NOT =a!e t I ! '!e a Lega' " Pe$u %a"y R%g=t• Fe!e"9 %t d es t =a!e t % ! '!e a 'ega' " ;e$u %a"y "%g=t

7Mas J at 58/) " t=at t=e ;'a% t%<< a d 0 e e'se ; ssess t=e;a"t%$u'a" % te"est

S;e$%a' I te"est• A s;e$%a' % te"est e %sts F=e"e t=e ;'a% t%<< $a s= F a$tua' "

a;;"e=e ded % u"y " da-age t =%s " =e" ;" ;"%eta"y "%g=ts9&us% ess " e$ -%$ % te"ests a d ;e"=a;s s $%a' " ; '%t%$a'% te"ests 7Mas J at 58/)

C "; "at%• A $ "; "at% " ass $%at% d es t a$Hu%"e sta d% g -e"e'y

&e$ause s -e < %ts -e-&e"s ; ssess %t 7G%&&s J at 581)

• O us ! A'$ a < Aust"a'%a Ltd 71*(1)o ,a$ts

88 | P a g e



Se$t% 21 < t=e Archaeological and A&original "elics 2reservation Act'#:( 7 %$) ;" !%ded t=at a ;e"s F= F%'<u''y " eg'%ge t'y de<a$ed "da-aged " t=e"F%se % te"<e"ed F%t= a "e'%$ " $a""%ed ut a a$t '% e'yt e da ge" a "e'%$ s= u'd &e gu%'ty < a <<e $eDes$e da ts a d -e-&e"s < t=e G u" d%t$= -a"a A& "%g% a' ;e ;'eFa ted t $ --e $e a a$t% g t "est"a% D <" - $ t"a!e % g t=%sse$t%

D a"gued t=ey =ad sta d% go ELD

Des$e da ts a d -e-&e"s < t=e G u" d%t$= -a"a A& "%g% a' ;e ;'ea"e $ust d%a s < t=e "e'%$s < $u'tu"a' a d s;%"%tua' %-; "ta $e < t= se;e ;'e a$$ "d% g t t=e%" 'aFs a d $ust -s9 a d s =a!e sta d% g t$ --e $e a a$t% t "est"a% a t=e" $%t% e <" - $ t"a!e % gse$t% 21 < t=e AARPA

T=e d%st% $t% &etFee t=%s $ase a d t=e AC, Case %s t t &e < u d% a y "eady "u'e < t=u-&9 $a;a&'e < -e$=a %$a' a;;'%$at% K t=e$"%te"% < >s;e$%a' % te"est? su;;'%es su$= "u'e. As t=e 'aF Fsta ds %t see-s "at=e" t % ! '!e % ea$= $ase a $u"%a' assess-e t <

t=e %-; "ta $e < t=e $ $e" t=e ;'a% t%<< =as F%t= ;a"t%$u'a" su& e$t-atte" a d < t=e $' se ess < t=at ;'a% t%<<?s "e'at% s=%; t t=atsu& e$t -atte"W 7Ste;=e J.)

CAPACIT28 3 T PARTIE&

W AT I& IT• 3otB tBe Plai ti77 a d !e7e da t must Bave tBe reco6 ised le6al ca9acit:

to sue <e sued• e li e sa:i 6 B: P a d ! Bave ca9acit:

C NTE?T• /i ors a dica99ed Peo9le• Com9a :• Part ersBi9• Tradi 6 3usi ess• Trustees Executor• I sured Bas !ied• 3a ru9t

CAPACIT2 *ENERALL2 • Ru'e

o + t= P a d D -ust =a!e "e$ g %sed 'ega' $a;a$%ty t sue a d &e suedo Ca;a$%ty dete"-% ed &y cBaracter < ;a"t%es9 ot ri6Bts % ! '!ed

&PECIAL CIRC"/&TANCE&• I d "se-e t as t Ca;a$%ty

o 3=e"e a ;a"ty sues % a "e;"ese tat%!e $a;a$%ty9 t=e "%g% at% g ;" $ess s=a''&e % d "sed F%t= a state-e t s= F% g t=at $a;a$%ty 5#0+

• Pe"s U de" a D%sa&%'%ty 7 a d%$a;;ed M% ") 15#01o De<% %t% s

Perso u der disa<ilit:

8 | P a g e



• M% " " =a d%$a;;ed ;e"sa dica99ed 9erso

• A ;e"s F= %s % $a;a&'e &y "eas < % u"y9 d%sease9 se %'%ty9%'' ess " ;=ys%$a' " -e ta' % <%"-%ty < -a ag% g =%s " =e"a<<a%"s % "e'at% t t=e ;" $eed% gK

o Ru'eMust $ --e $e " de<e d a ;" $eed% g &y a '%t%gat% gua"d%a 15.02 1A yt=% g t=at %s "eHu%"ed ;e"-%tted &y t=e Ru'es t &e d e &y a ;a"tys=a'' " -ayV &e d e &y =%s " =e" '%t%gat% gua"d%a 15.02 2LG -ust &e %de t%<%ed % t=e t%t'e < t=e ;" $eed% gs 7see d%ag"a-&e' F)

DESCRIPTION O, PROCEEDINGS +ROUG T +4 A LITIGATION GUARDIANI tBe title8

A+9 a % <a t9 &y CD =e" '%t%gat% gua"d%a P'a% t%<<

A d4B De<e da t

I tBe stateme t o7 claim8

1. P'a% t%<< A+ %s a -% " a d sues &y =e" '%t%gat% gua"d%a 9 CD.

• C "; "at%o 3=at %s a C "; "at%

A & dy F%t= a A+N9 Pty9 Ltd " ASIC '%st% gU % $ "; "ated & d%es a"e NOT $ "; "at% s a d $a NOT &e sued7-ust sue F e" ;e"s a''y)

o Ru'eC "; "at% s a"e g%!e $a;a$%ty &y 'eg%s'at% s1$4 Cor9oratio s ActMUST % $'ude CAN as ;a"t < %ts a-e % a y d $u-e t % 'ega';" $eed% gs

• Pa"t e"s=%; +us% esso Pa"t e"s=%; Ru'e

N t a 'ega' e t%ty9 &ut P $a use t=e ;a"t e"s=%; a-e F=e su% g1.#01D NOT eed t -e t% e!e"y ;a"t e"

Ca a$$ess ;" ;e"ty t=at %s % t'y F edNeed 'y se"!e 1 ;a"t e"See d%ag"a- < " "eHu%"e-e ts

o +us% essRu'e

• A y ;e"s $a""y% g &us% ess F%t=% %$t "%a % a a-e "sty'e t=e" t=a t=at ;e"s Ys F ma: <e sued i tBat ameor st:le as i7 it ere tBe ame o7 a 7irm 1.#10

• S P $a use t=e a-e < a &us% ess t sue t=e ;e"s $a""y% g t=e &us% ess

A;;'%es as %< OF e" Fas a Pa"t e"• Ru'es 1@./2 t 1@./* s=a'' a;;'y9 F%t= a y e$essa"y

- d%<%$at% 9 as %< t=at ;e"s Fe"e a ;a"t e" a d t=e a-e %F=%$= t=e ;e"s $a""%es &us% ess Fe"e t=e a-e < t=at;e"s Ys <%"-

85 | P a g e



DESCRIPTION O, PROCEEDINGS +ROUG T +4 A PARTNERS IP$n the title%

JEC 4L9 4DE AND CRUSOE 7A ,IRM) P'a% t%<<

0O+ ? ,@CF B A0D < D@ 6trading as ,ec7yl <yde and Crusoe8

A d

4B De<e da t

• Estates: E e$ut "9 Ad-% %st"at " a d T"usteeso Ru'e

P" $eed% gs "e'at% g t a estate " t"ust -ust &e ta e aga% st t=ee e$ut "9 ad-% %st"at " " t"ustee < t=e estate rder 1+It %s t e$essa"y t % t= se &e e<%$%a''y e t%t'ed rder 1+

o 3=e D es t=%s A;;'y1+#01 Re9rese tatio o7 u ascertai ed 9erso s a;;'%es t :

• 7a) t=e admi istratio o7 tBe estate < a de$eased ;e"s• 7&) ;" ;e"ty su& e$t t a trust K "• 7$) t=e co structio o7 a i strume t 9 % $'ud% g a A$t

• +a "u;t 7See +a "u;t$y A$t a d C "; "at% s A$t < " M "e)o Ru'e

I< a ;e"s %s &a "u;t9 " a $ -;a y %s % '%Hu%dat% 9 t=ey $a NOTsue " &e sued

%ERARC IN* 3LI*ATI N& ,CI%IL PR CE!"RE ACT $010)

W AT I& IT• 3e7ore issui 6 a civil 9roceedi 6 eacB 9art: must certi7: tBe: Bave read

a d u derstood tBe overarcBi 6 o<li6atio s• =uic 1 or $ li er

%ERARC IN* 3LI*ATI N&• 3=at a"e t=e O&'%gat% s Pt $#( Civil Procedure Act $010

o T a$t = est'yo T =a!e a ;" ;e" &as%s t a y $'a%-o T 'y ta e ste;s t "es '!e " dete"-% e t=e d%s;uteo T $ ;e"ate % t=e $ du$t < $%!%' ;" $eed% gso

T t -%s'ead " de$e%!eo T use "eas a&'e e dea! u"s t "es '!e d%s;uteo T a"" F t=e %ssues % d%s;uteo T e su"e $ sts a"e "eas a&'e a d ;" ; "t% ateo T -% %-% e de'ayo T d%s$' se t=e e %ste $e < d $u-e ts

• Sa $t% s Resu't% g <" - C t"a!e t% < t=e O&'%gat% so C u"t Ta es %t % t A$$ u t

&ectio $- C u"t $a ta e a$$ u t < a y $ t"a!e t% % e e"$%s% ga y ; Fe" % "e'at% t a $%!%' ;" $eed% g

o C u"t Ca O"de"

&ectio $' 3=e"e sat%s<%ed < $ t"a!e t% &a'a $e <;" &a&%'%t%es9 $ u"t $a -a e a "de" %t $ s%de"s a;;" ;"%ate % t=e% te"ests < ust%$e % $'ud% g:

• O"de"s < " Pay-e t < $ st

86 | P a g e



• O"de" t=at ;e"s ta e ste;s t "e-edy t=e $ t"a!e t%• O"de" ;"e!e t% g a ;e"s <" - ta % g s;e$%<%$ ste;s % t=e

;" $eed% gso Pa"ty Ca A;;'y < " O"de"

&ectio $',$) a'' Fs "de" t &e -ade a;;'%$at% < a y ;a"ty9 "t=e" ;e"s F%t= % te"est % ;" $eed% g9 " $ u"t?s F - t%

&ectio (0 sets ut = F a d F=e a a;;'%$at% u de" s2* -ust &e-ade

o C u"t $a NOT P"e!e t P" $eed% gsC u"t -ay t 7u 'ess "de"s t=e"F%se) ;"e!e t $ --e $e-e t <;" $eed% gs -e"e'y &e$ause < <a%'u"e t $ -;'y F%t= $e"t%<%$at%"eHu%"e-e ts &ectio 45

• Ce"t%<%$at%o O!e"a"$=% g O&'%gat% s Ce"t%<%$at% &y Pa"t%es

Ea$= ;a"ty -ust ;e"s a''y $e"t%<y t=at t=ey =a!e "ead a d u de"st dt=e !e"a"$=% g &'%gat% s a d t=e ;a"a- u t duty &41

T=%s -ust &e <%'ed F%t= t=e <%"st su&sta t%a' d $u-e t % t=e ;" $eed<%'ed &y t=e ;a"ty9 %e State-e t < C'a%-9 De<e $e &41

8@ | P a g e



RI*INATIN* PR CE&&

W AT I& IT• Proceedi 6s are comme ced <: 7ili 6 a P•

$ t:9es o7 P areo Writo /

GENERAL RE ORIGINATING PROCESS

INTR !"CTI N• 2 3ays t C --e $e a P" $eed% g 4#01

o 1) ,%'e a 3"%t F%t= t=e P" t= ta"yo 2) ,%'e a OM F%t= t=e P" t= ta"y

*ENERAL R"LE& R P• C --e $e a P" $eed% g

o A 9roceedi 6 sBall <e comme ced <: 7ili 6 a ori6i ati 6 9rocess R5#11,1) &CR

• Se"!%$eo A "%g% at% g ;" $ess must <e served 9erso all: 9 e $e;t F=e"e t=e"F%se

;" !%ded R+#0$ &CRo A "%g% at% g ;" $ess -ust <e served itBi 1$ mo tBs o7 issue u 'ess

e te ded &y $ u"t "de"9 t=e"F%se %t &e$ -es sta'e R5#1$ &CR• Ca;a$%ty

o 3=e"e a ;a"ty sues or is sued i a re9rese tative ca9acit: 9 t=e"%g% at% g ;" $ess s=a'' &e i dorsed itB a stateme t sBo i 6 tBat

ca9acit: R5#0+ &CR• E d "se-e ts

o O"%g% at% g ;" $ess s=a'' &e e d "sed F%t= P?s add"ess9 D?s add"ess a d P?ss '%$%t "?s add"ess R5#0.,1) &CR

o 3"%t a d "%g% at% g - t% s=a'' &e % d "sed F%t= a state-e t t t=e e<<e$tt=at i7 ! does ot 7ile a99eara ce itBi time stated i ori6i ati 69rocess 9 P ma: o<tai Gud6me t R5#0(,1) &CR

3RIT

INTR !"CTI N• Usua' P" $ess t C --e $e P" $eed% gs

o E $e;t as ;" !%ded &y Ru'es 1#1$> 4#05 a d 4#0+ a d rder 5- 9 e!e"y;" $eed% g s=a'' &e $ --e $ed &y F"%t 4.04

• , "-

o Pe" R5#0$,1) &CR : Must &e % orm 5A

o Must &e % d "sed F%t= state-e t t=at %< D d es t <%'e a a;;ea"a $e F%t=% t=et%-e stated9 P -ay &ta% udg-e t F%t= ut <u"t=e" t%$e 5#0(,1)

• I d "sed F%t= T%-e a d M de

8( | P a g e



o 3"%t F%'' &e e d "sed F%t= state-e t < t=e ;'a$e a d - de < t"%a' des%"edR5#0-,1) &CR

o I< t e d "sed ta e t Me'& u" e F%t= ut u"y R5#0-,$) &CR

IN! R&E/ENT&• Ru'e

o A F"%t MUST $ ta% a % d "se-e t < $'a%- &y e%t=e": R5#04,1) &CR1) Ge e"a' % d "se-e tOR2) S;e$%a' e d "se-e t

• Ge e"a' I d "se-e to N SOC

N state-e t < $'a%- <%'% g F%t= F"%t

P t=e =as (0 da:s to 7ile a stateme t o7 claim R14#0$ &CR

C u"t may a'' F P t se"!e a S C t=at =as t=e e<<e$t < add% g su&st%tut% ga $ause < a$t% 14#0(,$)

o MUST I $'ude R5#04,$),<) &CR

Nature < $'a%- 7<a$ts)

Cause < a$t% "e'%ed u; 7e.g. Neg'%ge $e)• Needs t ut'% e t=e 'ega' $ause < a$t% 9 t t=e <a$tua' $ause <

a$t% Ru eu v /asse: er6uso

Relie7 remed: s ug=to Deta%' ReHu%"ed

Must &e &" ad e ug= t $ !ey t=e % < "-at% ge e"a''y a d F%t= ut;a"t%$u'a"%tyW Re o de v /c/ulliPa"t%$u'a"%ty %s "eHu%"ed t t=e e te t t=e ;a"t%$u'a"%ty %s % d%s;e sa&'e t

t%<y t=e "eHu%"ed e'e-e ts < t=e e d "se-e t Re o de v /c/ullio A'te"% g t=e C'a%-

P -ay alter> modi7: or exte d tBe claim as e d "sed t=e F"%tF%t= ut a-e d-e t < t=e e d "se-e t R14#0(,1) &CR

• S;e$%a' E d "se-e to

SOC C ta% s a SOC R5#04,$),a) &CR/ust % $'ude t=e =ead% g >state-e t < $'a%-? a d ;'ead a'' t=e -ate"%a'<a$ts R5#04,() &CRI< F"%t % d "sed F%t= s;e$%a' % d "se-e t9 d t "eHu%"e a t=e"State-e t < C'a%- 14#01

8* | P a g e



LEA!IN* CA&E&• Re Fde ! M$Mu''% 71*@/)

o acts8P'a% t%<< Fas a s '%$%t "De<e da t Fas t=e <%"- < a$$ u ta ts t=at aud%ted t=e ;'a% t%<<?s t"usta$$ u tsP'a% t%<< $'a%-ed D <a%'ed t t%<y P < %""egu'a"%t%es % =%s t"ust a$$ u t9 &y"eas < F=%$= =e ' st =%s ;"a$t%$% g $e"t%<%$ate a d9 % t=e ' g "u t=%s'ed t =%- &e$ -% g &a "u;tSu&seHue t State-e t < C'a%- -ade $'a%- < " &"ea$= < $ t"a$t9F=%$= =ad &ee % $'uded % t=e I d "se-e t t=e F"%tA<te" Statute < L%-%tat% ;e"% d =ad e ;%"ed t=e &"ea$= < $ t"a$t$ause < a$t% 9 ;'a% t%<< s ug=t t a-e d State-e t < C'a%- t % $'ude&"ea$= < $ t"a$t

o eld8Causes < a$t% F=%$= ;'a% t%<< "e'%es a"e t &e dete"-% ed e $'us%!e'y&y "e<e"e $e t t=e ;'ead% gP'a% t%<< see % g t "a%se a eF $ause < a$t% % t=e ;'ead% gs F=%$= %sstatute &a""ed9 a d t=at s= u'd t &e a'' FedJ+he indorsement on the writ not &eing a statement of claim is not in thenature of a pleading. $n our opinion it should not &e construed as such &utread for what it isE namely a notice of the nature of the plaintiff*s claim ofthe cause of action thereof and of the relief sought in the action. $t sufficesif it conveys the information generally and without particularity savewhere and to the e tent to which particularity is indispensa&le to notifythe reIuired elements of the endorsement for e ample on someoccasions the identification of the instrument on which a claim isfounded.K

• Ru eu ! Massey0,e"gus 71*(8)o acts8

+he plaintiffs claim is for damages for injuries he received to his &ac7 inan accident which occurred on or a&out ( Decem&er '#:5 whilst he was inthe course of his employment with the defendant. +he accident occurredas a result of the negligence of the defendant its servants and agents andthe plaintiff claims damages.K De<e da t s ug=t t =a!e F"%t set as%de &as%s t=at %t d%d t g%!e t%$e

< t=e $ause < t=e $'a%-

At <%"st % sta $e9 %t Fas =e'd t=at % d "se-e t de<%$%e t &e$ause %t d%d t% d%$ate t=e atu"e < t=e a$$%de t F=%$= $aused t=e % u"%es t t=e;'a% t%<<Ys &a$ e.g. t=at =e Fas =%t &y - !% g -a$=% e"y " <e'' << as$a<< 'd

o eld8O a;;ea' %t Fas =e'd t=at t=e % d "se-e t Fas su<<%$%e tC A a's sa%d e!e %< =ad $ t"a"y ;% % 9 t $ ""e$t t set as%de t=eF"%t9 F=%$= %s a d"ast%$ -easu"e ;utt% g a e d t t=e a$t% . I<% d "se-e t %s de<e$t%!e9 a;;" ;"%ate "de" %s t "de" ;'a% t%<< t g%!e;a"t%$u'a"s

L in our opinion the word JcauseK in the rule is not directed to the physical acts which caused the accident or injury. $t is directed to thecause of action. +hus what the endorsement must contain is sufficientnotice of 6a8 the nature of the claim 6&8 the cause of action relied uponand 6c8 the relief or remedy reIuired. $n an action &ased on negligence

particulars 6a8 and 6&8 will often &e run together. $n the present case the

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particulars are% 6c8 damages for 6a8 personal injuries caused &y 6&8 thenegligence of the defendant +hus the indorsement clearly covered all thereIuirements of the rule.K

ORIGINATING MOTION

/• C te t

o Used ;"%-a"%'y < " "es '!% g 'ega' "at=e" t=a <a$tua' d%s;utesU '% e'y t &e a y d%s;ute < <a$ts a d t=e"e< "e ;'ead% gs " d%s$ !e"y

o 3=e"e t=e"e %s D• 3=e %s a OM ReHu%"ed

o A ;" $eed% g s=a'' &e $ --e $ed &y "%g% at% g - t% : R4#05 &CR7a) F=e"e t=e"e %s D t t=e ;" $eed% gK7&) F=e"e &y " u de" a y A$t a a;;'%$at% %s aut= "%sed t &e -ade tt=e C u"tK "7$) F=e"e "eHu%"ed &y t=ese Ru'es

• O;t% a' C --e $e-e t &y OMo A ;" $eed% g -ay &e $ --e $ed &y "%g% at% g - t% F=e"e: R4#0+ &CR

7a) %t %s u '% e'y t=at t=e"e F%'' &e a y su&sta t%a' d%s;ute < <a$tAND7&) < " t=at "eas %t %s a;;" ;"%ate t=at t=e"e &e ;'ead% gs " d%s$ !e"y

• , "-o Pe" R5#0$,$) &CR : Must &e % , "- 5+9 5C9 5D " 5E

• E d "se-e t OM

o Pe" R5#05 &CR : e dorseme t o tBe ori6i ati 6 motio must s9eci7: :

Re'%e< "e-edy s ug=t

T=e A$t9 %< a y9 u de" F=%$= t=e $'a%- %s -ade

3=e"e %t % $'udes a y Huest% t &e a sFe"ed9 t=e Huest% s=a'' &estated

P'ead% gs a"e ot "eHu%"ed

• P'a$e a d M de

o P -ay e d "se "%g% at% g - t% F%t= a state-e t < t=e ;'a$e < t"%a' des%"ed9a d %< t s e d "sed9 P s=a'' &e ta e t des%"e t"%a' % Me'& u" e R5#0-,()&CR

,AILURE TO COMPL4

AIL"RE T C /PL2 • Ru'e

o ,a%'u"e t $ -;'y F%t= t=e Ru'es %s a %""egu'a"%ty9 &ut d es t "e de" t=ed $u-e t ;" $ess udg-e t a u''%ty $#01,1)• C u"ts Res; se

o I< <a%'u"e t $ -;'y9 C u"t -ay: R$#01,$) &CR

1 | P a g e



,a) set aside 9roceedi 6 K,<) set aside a : ste9 ta e % t=e ;" $eed% g,c) e e"$%se ; Fe"s t allo ame dme ts

• Sett% g As%deo T=e C u"t sBall ot Boll: set aside 9roceedi 6 or ori6i ati 6 docume t

t=e g" u d t=at t=e 9roceedi 6 as comme ced <: tBe ro 6 9rocess

R$#0$ &CR• I""egu'a" " A&use < P" $ess

o T=e P" t= ta"y -ay "e<use t sea' "%g% at% g ;" $ess F=e"e t=ey $ s%de" t=atsea'% g t=e d $u-e t F u'd &e %""egu'a" " a a&use < ;" $ess < t=e C u"t$.#0+,1)

CA"&E& ACTI N F LI/ITATI N ACTI N&

W AT I& IT• A$t% s -ust &e &" ug=t F%t=% t=e '%-%tat% ;e"% d

P LIC2 • Rat% a'e

o U <a%" t Ds t =a!e ; te t%a' 'aFsu%t =a g% g !e" t=e- < " e te ded ;e"% dso L ge" t%-e -ea s e!%de $e %s 'ess st" g 7F%t esses < "get9 stu<< g es -%ss% g

et$)o Pu&'%$ % te"est % e<<%$%e $y

• M$ ug= J % ris ane Sout) Re&iona! 3eat) Aut)orit" $ Ta"!or o Courts and commentators have perceived four &road rationales for the

enactment of limitation periods. irst as time goes &y relevant evidence is li7elyto &e lost. Second it is oppressive even cruel to a defendant to allow anaction to &e &rought long after the circumstances which gave rise to it have

passed. +hird people should &e a&le to arrange their affairs and utilise theirresources on the &asis that claims can no longer &e made against them. $nsurers

pu&lic institutions and &usinesses particularly limited lia&ility companies have asignificant interest in 7nowing that they have no lia&ilities &eyond a definite

period.o As the 0S3 Baw "eform Commission has pointed out%

+he potential defendant is thus a&le to ma7e the most productive use ofhis or her resources and the disruptive effect of unsettled claims on

commercial intercourse is there&y avoided. +o that e tent the pu&licinterest is also served.

o @ven where the cause of action relates to personal injuries it will &e often just asunfair to ma7e the shareholders ratepayers or ta payers of today ultimatelylia&le for a wrong of the distant past as it is to refuse a plaintiff the right toreinstate a spent action arising from that wrong. +he final rationale for limitation

periods is that the pu&lic interest reIuires that disputes &e settled as Iuic7ly as possi&le

o $n enacting limitation periods legislatures have regard to all these rationales. Alimitation period should not &e seen therefore as an ar&itrary cut off pointunrelated to the demands of justice or the general welfare of society. $trepresents the legislatureHs judgment that the welfare of society is &est served&y causes of action &eing litigated within the limitation period notwithstandingthat the enactment of that period may often result in a good cause of action&eing defeated.*

2 | P a g e



*ENERAL R"LE• Ru'e

o P -ust $ --e $e ;" $eed% gs F%t=% t=e '%-%tat% ;e"% do T%-e %s $a'$u'ated <" - F=e t=e cause o7 actio accrueso E ;%"y < a '%-%tat% ;e"% d %s a ;" $edu"a' de<e $e t=at D -ay "a%se

• Leg%s'at%o Se$t% s a"e <" - t=e L%-%tat% s < A$t% s A$t 1*5( 7 %$)

• EHu%ta&'e Re-ed%eso L%-%tat% statute d es NOT a;;'y t $'a%-s see % g eHu%ta&'e "e-ed%es 7e.g.

s;e$%<%$ ;e"< "-a $e " % u $t% s)o T%-e < " &"% g% g a a$t% see % g eHu%ta&'e "e'%e< %s g !e" ed &y t=e d $t"% e <

laches $ u"t -ay "e<use t g"a t "e'%e< F=e"e ;'a% t%<<?s de'ay -a es %t u ust< " $ u"t t g"a t "e'%e< %.e. &e$ause ;'a% t%<<?s s'a$ ess =as $aused ;"e ud%$e tt=e de<e da t.

• Cause < A$t% A$$"ueso 3%'' a$$"ue F=e a'' e$essa"y <a$ts =a!e $$u""ed a d t=e"e %s a $ -;ete t P

F= $a sue a $ -;ete t DCo tract8 3=e &"ea$= $$u"sTort8 3=e da-age %s su<<e"ed

LI/ITATI N PERI !&• S%-;'e C t"a$t A$t% s

o 6 yea"s <" - t=e t%-e < &"ea$= 5,1),a)LAAo ," - F=e t=e $ause < a$t% a$$"ues9 e!e %< Fe"e u aFa"e

• De<a-at%o 1 yea" <" - ;u&'%$at% 5,1AAA)

• T "ts A$t% s 7N 0;e"s a' I u"y su$= as ;" ;e"ty ' ss9 e$ -%$ ' ss9 u%sa $e)o 6 yea"s 5,1),a)LAA I $'ude da-ages < " &"ea$= < statut "y duty:

571A) a d 28A $ !e" i te tio al torts as Fe''9 &e$ause ;e ;'e F=su<<e" % te t% a' % u"y s= u'd t &e F "se << t=a t= se su<<e"% g

eg'%ge t % u"y&ti 6el v Clar • Pe"s a' I u"y !EAT

o 3=at %s Pe"s a' I u"yD%sease " %-;a%"-e ts < a ;e"s s ;=ys%$a' " -e ta' $ d%t% &( LAAD%sease %s % te";"eted &" ad'y &ti 6el v Clar

o Ru'e < " PI " Deat=3=%$=e!e" e'a;ses <%"st <: $.! LAA

• 8 yea"s <" - date F=%$= $ause < a$t% %s discovera<le &y POR

• 12 yea"s <" - date a$t -%ss% a''eged t =a!e "esu'ted % deat= ";e"s a' % u"y

o E $e;t%$.! does Kt a99l: to8 dust0"e'ated $ d%t% sK t &a$$ K $e"ta%stat $ -; s$=e-es s$.3 LAA

o 3=at %s >D%s$ !e"a&'e? , u6Bt)$. >Discovera&le* %< P Fs " ou6Bt t =a!e F a'' <:

• ,a) t=e <a$t t=at t=e deat= ;e"s a' % u"y $ $e" ed Basoccurred K AND

•

,<) t=e <a$t t=at t=e deat= ;e"s a' % u"y Fas caused <: !Ks7ault K AND• ,c) t=e <a$t t=at t=e ;e"s a' % u"y Fas su77icie tl: serious to

Gusti7: tBe <ri 6i 6 o7 a actio t=e $ause < a$t%o O& e$t%!e Tests Dete"-% ed Su& e$t%!e'y

8 | P a g e



( :ears 7rom tBe date o BicB tBe 9erso 7irst o s Zsu& e$t%!e'y[• t=at =e =as su<<e"ed t= se ;e"s a' % u"%esK AN!• t=at t= se ;e"s a' % u"%es Fe"e $aused &y t=e a$t " -%ss% <

s -e ;e"s

&"&PEN&I N T E LI/ITATI N PERI !&• Ru'e

o Ca &e ; st; ed sus;e ded < ":,"aud9 de$e%t9 $ $ea'-e tKA$ F'edge-e t " ;a"t0;ay-e t &y de<e da tKP'a% t%<< %s u de" a d%sa&%'%ty

• 7u de" 1( " =as a -e ta' d%sa&%'%ty e.g. t=at ;"e!e ts t=e- <" --a ag% g t=e%" a<<a%"s9 ;" ;e"'y % st"u$t% g a s '%$%t " et$V).

• I %$t "%a9 s.2@J ;" !%des t=at a -% " %s 'y u de" a d%sa&%'%ty < "t=e ;u"; se < sus;e d% g t=e '%-%tat% ;e"% d 7< " ;e"s a' % u"y$ases) %< t=ey d t =a!e a $a;a&'e ;a"e t " gua"d%a

E?TEN&I N T E LI/ITATI N PERI !• Ge e"a' Ru'e

o C u"t -ay e te d t=e '%-%tat% ;e"% d %< %t %s ust a d "eas a&'e t d s $.HLAA,$),<)

o T%-e ;e"% d $a &e e te ded e!e a<te" t=e ;e"% d < '%-%tat% =as e ;%"ed$./,1),a)

• ,a$t "s t &e C s%de"ed % E te d% g L%-%tat% Pe"% do A'' t=e circumsta ces o7 tBe case : $.L

Le gt= a d "eas < " P?s de'ay $.L,1),a)P"e ud%$e t=at?'' &e $aused t D 7<a$% g $ase s= u'd ?t &e <a$% gKF%t esses u a!a%'a&'e)K $.L,1),<)

D%d D d a yt=% g t &st"u$t P " =e'; P % as$e"ta% % g <a$ts $.L,1),c)3as P su<<e"% g d%sa&%'%ty " 'ega' % $a;a$%ty at t=e t%-eK $.L,1),d)

T=e t%-e F%t=% F=%$= $ause < a$t% Fas d%s$ !e"a&'e $.L,1),e)O $e P eF < "%g=t t sue9 a$t ;" -;t'y # "eas a&'y 7F=at ste;s t getad!%$e) $.L,1),7)Ste;s ta e &y P t &ta% -ed%$a'9 'ega' " t=e" e ;e"t ad!%$e a d

atu"e < ad!%$e =e s=e -ay =a!e "e$e%!ed $.L,1),6)3=et=e" t=e ;assage < t%-e =as ;"e ud%$ed a <a%" t"%a' < t=e $'a%- $.L,$),a)

T=e atu"e a d e te t < t=e ;'a% t%<<?s ' ss $.L,$),<) T=e atu"e < t=e de<e da t?s $ du$t $.L,$),<)

o I< =a"ds=%; " ;"e ud%$e t D9 '% e'y P F%'' t &e g"a ted a e te s% Toi to v*ree Bam

o ReHu%"es a;;'%$a t t s= F %ts $ase %s a ust a d "eas a&'e e $e;t% t t=e "u'et=at t=e Fe'<a"e < t=e state %s &est se"!ed &y t=e a;;'%$a&'e '%-%tat% ;e"% d/c*ui ess v Clar

LEA!IN* CA&E• C'a" ! M$Gu% ess

o acts8 J a e M$Gu% ess %ssued a F"%t % 2//2 a''eg% g s=e Fas "a;ed &y Ge <<C'a" 7< "-e" ATSIC C=a%"-a ) % 1*(1 # 1*(@ F=e s=e Fas 16 # 28yea"s 'd

• S=e a''eged t=%s "esu'ted % de'ayed set ; stt"au-at%$ st"essd%s "de"

| P a g e



T=e '%-%tat% ;e"% d < " t=e $ --e $e-e t < ;" $eed% gs e ;%"ed 6yea"s a<te" t=e a''eged e!e ts t ;'a$eM$Gu% ess s ug=t a e te s% < t%-e < " t=e &"% g% g < ;" $eed% gs;u"sua t

T=e a''eged assau'ts Fe"e "e; "ted t t=e ; '%$e & t= $$as% s s= "t'ya<te" t=ey $$u""ed9 &ut t=e -atte"s Fe"e t u't%-ate'y ;u"sued at t=att%-e &y t=e ; '%$eI 1*(@9 M$Gu% ess $ su'ted s '%$%t "s a& ut t=e assau'tsA't= ug= t=ey ad!%sed =e" t=at s=e $ u'd ;u"sue a $%!%' $'a%- < " t=e 1*(@"a;e9 $'a%- Fas ;u"sued &y M$Gu% ess at t=at t%-eI 2///9 a<te" =a!% g see M" C'a" % t=e -ed%a9 M$Gu% ess &ega$ u se''% g a d 'y t=e "ea'%sed t=e se"% us atu"e < t=e % u"%es s=e=ad su<<e"ed as a "esu't < t=e a''eged assau'tsI 2//29 M$Gu% ess %ssued $%!%' ;" $eed% gs aga% st M" C'a"

o eld8D%s$"et% t e te d t%-e "eHu%"es a;;'%$a t t s= F %ts $ase %s ust a d"eas a&'e e $e;t% t t=e "u'e t=at t=e Fe'<a"e < t=e state %s &estse"!ed &y t=e a;;'%$a&'e '%-%tat% ;e"% d

C u"t < A;;ea' =e'd ;"e ud%$e aga% st C'a" t g"eat a d !e"tu" edC u ty C u"t?s de$%s%3a""e CJ:

• $n my view the critical issue in this case is the operation of prejudice and how that factor 6as reflected in s ()A6)88 is to &e&alanced against the other considerations enumerated in s ()A6)8that may predispose a court to support the respondent*s claim foran e tension of time. $n other words is the prejudice to theappellant so significant as to outweigh any legitimate claims &y therespondent and ma7e their imposition unjust and unreasona&leN*

5 | P a g e



To9ic 5 – /ulti9le Parties

I troductio

I troductio3hat is itN

• Ru'es t=at a'' F ;a"t%es a d $auses < a$t% t &e % ed % t e ;" $eed% g

,ustification

• A! %d -u't%;'%$%ty < ;" $eed% gs

o A! %d% g du;'%$at% sa!es t%-e a d $ sts

• A! %ds % $ s%ste $y < "esu't

• P" - tes <% a'%ty % '%t%gat%

Res udicata ,Cause o7 Actio Esto99el)

$ntroduction

• 3=at %s %t

o 3=e"e a -atte" 7F= 'e $ause < a$t% a F= 'e $'a%- e.g. ;'ead% g a e t%"ede<e $e " C A) =as &ee ;"e!% us'y de$%ded &y a $ u"t9 t=%s -atte" $a NOT &e"e0'%t%gated % 'ate" ;" $eed% gs &etFee t=e sa-e ;a"t%es

o Say t=at aga% V

Res Jud%$ata ;"e$'udes t=e "e0'%t%gat% < $'a%-s -ade % ea"'%e";" $eed% gs &etFee t=e sa-e ;a"t%es % "es;e$t < t=e sa-e su& e$t-atte"

•

Just%<%$at%o P" - tes $ -;'ete ess a d <% a'%ty

• Re'e!a $e t J % de"

o T=e <a%'u"e t % a $'a%- % a ;" $eed% g -ay ;"e$'ude ;u"su%t < t=at $'a%- % a'ate" ;" $eed% g

o T=e <a%'u"e t % a ;e"s t a ;a"ty F%'' usua''y -ea t=at a de$%s% % t=at;" $eed% g F%'' t &e &% d% g t=at ;e"s

@ am

• Lead% g L% e

6 | P a g e



o ZPa"ty [ F%'' a"gue t=at Z-atte" A[ s= u'd t &e "e0'%t%gated F%t= a "es ud%$ata;'ea9 as Z-atte" A[ =as a'"eady &ee de$%ded % Zea"'%e" ;" $eed% g[ &etFee t=esame 9arties

• A a'ys%s

o Sa-e Pa"t%es

Ge e"a' Ru'e

• Sa-e ;a"t%es % $'udes 9rivies

P"%!%es

• Pe"s s $' se'y $ e$ted t t=e ;a"t%es a d t=e%" $'a%-s

o C'a%-s t=at C "L! =a!e &ee -ade % a ea"'%e" ;" $eed% g

Ge e"a' Ru'e 7A s=u Est ;;e')• E te ds t $'a%-s t=at $ u'd =a!e &ee -ade % t=e ea"'%e"

;" $eed% g9 e!e %< t=ey Fe"e Yt Anshun

,a $y u te t I-;"ess Le$tu"e" % E a-

• A;;'%es F%t= $e"ta% e $e;t% s9 t 'y t ; % ts u; F=%$= t=eC u"t Fas a$tua''y "eHu%"ed &y t=e ;a"t%es t < "- a ;% % a d;" u $e a udg-e t9 &ut t e!e"y ; % t F=%$= ;" ;e"'y &e' gedt t=e su& e$t < t=e '%t%gat% 9 a d F=%$= t=e ;a"t%es9 e e"$%s% g

"eas a&'e d%'%ge $e9 -%g=t =a!e &" ug=t < "Fa"d at t=e t%-e <enderson

• I do Kt Bave time to read tBat> ca :ou sa: it itB less ords9lease

o RJ e te ds t e!e"y ; % t F=%$= ;" ;e"'y &e' ged t t=esu& e$t < t=e '%t%gat% 9 a d F=%$= t=e ;a"t%es9 e e"$%s% g"eas a&'e d%'%ge $e9 -%g=t =a!e &" ug=t < "Fa"d at t=e t%-e

<enderson

Just%<%$at%

• Pa"t%es s= u'd &"% g < "Fa"d t=e%" F= 'e $ase

o ,"aud " C ''us%

E $e;t%

• , " C a"e e $e;t% s t t=e "u'e a d F=e a''eged9 F%'' a'' F t=e "e0'%t%gat% < t=e sa-e -atte" Feith B in Arnold

o D%s$ !e"y < a NeF ,a$tua' Matte"

Ru'e

@ | P a g e



• D es NOT a'' F "e0'%t%gat% Feith B in Arnold

Lead% g Case

• 2ort of Mel&ourne Authority v Anshun

o acts

3 " e" % u"ed &y a ' ad < stee' g%"de"s a $"a e ;e"ated &y A s=uPty Ltd at t=e Me'& u" e P "t

T=e F " e" sued A s=u a d t=e P "t aut= "%ty < " da-ages

• I t=at ea"'%e" ;" $eed% g9 t=e $ u"t "de"ed $ t"%&ut% ;u"sua tt t=e 3rongs Act t=at P "t Aut= "%ty $ u'd $ !e" <" - A s=u */\

< t=e da-ages

P "t Aut= "%ty &" ug=t ;" $eed% gs aga% st A s=u $'a%-% g % de- %ty %t=e $ t"a$t

• T=%s eF $ t"a$tua' ;" $eed% g a" se <" - t=e "%g% a' eg'%ge $e;" $eed% g

o eld

P "t Aut= "%ty ' ses

C'a%- < a $ t"a$tua' % de- %ty Fas s $' se'y $ e$ted t t=e -atte"s

"a%sed % t=e ea"'%e" a$t% 9 t=at %t s= u'd =a!e &ee "a%sed t=e 9 a d P "tAut= "%ty Fas F est ;;ed <" - "a%s% g %t % se;a"ate ;" $eed% gs

Issue Esto99el a d Res udicata

Issue Esto99el

Conte t

• E a-;'e

o P" $eed% g 1 <% ds t=at D1 %s "es; s%&'e < " a e ;' s% t=at t=at % u"ed P1

o I ;" $eed% g 2 &etFee D1 a d P19 D1 $a NOT a"gue t=at =e %s t "es; s%&'e< " t=e e ;' s% 9 as t=e %ssue =as a'"eady &ee de$%ded % t=e ;" $eed% g 1

$ntroduction

• 3=at %s %t

o P"e!e ts a ;a"ty % a $%!%' $ase <" - "e0'%t%gat% g a %ssue < <a$t " 'aF t=at =as&ee dete"-% ed &y a ;"% " "de" " udg-e t

o Must &e t=e sa-e ;a"t%es

( | P a g e



• Just%<%$at%

o P"e!e ts $ t"ad%$t "y "u'% gs t=e sa-e %ssue

o A! %d du;'%$at% a d t=e"e< "e sa!es t%-e a d - ey

• D%st% $t% &etFee IE a d RJ

o IE

O $e a $ u"t =as de$%ded a %ssue < <a$t " 'aF e$essa"y t %ts udg-e t9t=at de$%s% -ay ;"e$'ude "e0'%t%gat% < t=e %ssue % a su%t a d%<<e"e t$ause < a$t% % ! '!% g a ;a"ty t t=e <%"st $ase

o RJ

A <% a' udg-e t t=e -e"%ts < a a$t% ;"e$'udes ;a"t%es <" - "e0'%t%gat% g %ssues t=at Fe"e9 " $ u'd =a!e &ee 9 "a%sed % t=at a$t%

@ am

• Lead% g L% e

o ZPa"ty [ F%'' a"gue t=at Z%ssue A[ s= u'd t &e "e0'%t%gated F%t= a %ssue est ;;e';'ea9 as Z%ssue A[ =as a'"eady &ee de$%ded % Zea"'%e" ;" $eed% g " t=%s;" $eed% g[

• A a'ys%s

o P" ;e"ty Da-age a d Pe"s a' I u"y

Ge e"a' Ru'e

• IE d es NOT a;;'y F=e"e se;a"ate ;" $eed% gs a"e &" ug=t < ";" ;e"ty da-age a d ;e"s a' % u"y Binsley 6$n which the -ic SCfollowed the @nglish CoA in runsden8

o P % ts F%t= C u'd =a!e &ee Ra%sed

Ge e"a' Ru'e• IE e te ds t ; % ts t=at $ u'd =a!e &ee "a%sed Feith B in Arnold

citing Diploc7 B, in idelitas

o 3=e"e t=e LaF =as C=a ged

Ge e"a' Ru'e

• IE F%'' NOT ;"e!e t "e0'%t%gat% < a %ssue %< t=e 'aF =as $=a ged Arnold

oi der o7 Parties ,3e7ore a Writ i7 iled)

oi der o7 Parties

* | P a g e



Structure

• I t"

• Just%<%$at%

• 8 ty;es < % de"

• J % de" % $ !e %e t

• C sts

@ am

• Lead% g L% e

o T=e $ u"t -ay add e t"a ;a"t%es t a ;" $eed% g9 F=e"e t=ese add%t% a' ;a"t%es

a"e "eHu%"ed t "es '!e %ssues " &e$ause t=e%" "%g=ts a"e a<<e$ted• Just%<%$at%

o J % de" ;" - tes $ s%ste $y a d <% a'%ty F=%'e a! %d% g du;'%$at% 9 t=us sa!% gt%-e a d - ey

• 8 Ty;es < J % de"

o A) Pe"-%ss%!e

o +) D%s$"et% a"y

o C) C -;u's "y Ne$essa"y

• Pe"-%ss%!e J % de" 7AL3A4S START ERE)

o 3=at %s %t

P ! 'u ta"%'y adds add%t% a' Ds " $ 0Ps 7$ 0Ps -ust $ se t)

o 2 ReHu%"e-e ts

%) C -- Huest% < 'aF " <a$t

• C -- H < 'aF " <a$t F u'd a"%se %< se;a"ate ;" $eed% gs Fe"e&" ug=t &y aga% st ea$= < t=e- #.>(6a86i8

• A;;'y t=e <a$ts

AND

%%) Sa-e t"a sa$t%

• Ru'e

o T=e "%g=ts $'a%-ed &y P a"%se ut < t=e sa-e t"a sa$t% 9 "se"%es < t"a sa$t%

5/ | P a g e



• Sa-e T"a sa$t%

o I te";"et &" ad'y Adam , in irtles

As t=%s %s a "e-ed%a' "u'e a d a%-s t a! %d ;e ;'eu de"ta % g -u't%;'e $auses < a$t%

o D es t eed t=e sa-e $ause < a$t%

• Se"%es < T"a sa$t%

o I te";"et a"" F'y 2ayne

o It F%'' NOT &e t=e sa-e se"%es < t"a sa$t% F=e :

Re'%e< $'a%-ed a"%ses <" - 2 " - "e d%<<e"e t se"%es <t"a sa$t% s9 F=e t=e ;a"t%$%;at% < ea$= % d%!%dua'P %s '%-%ted t ;a"t%$%;at% % e se"%es < t"a sa$t% 9

t=e t=e" P t ;a"t%$%;at% g % t=at se"%es 2ayne

&a: Bat

• P1 a d P2 -ust &e % ! '!ed % t=e sa-e se"%es <t"a sa$t% < " t=e"e t &e % de"

o 2ayne%

2 P?s & t= "a d%<<e"e t a&att %"s

+ t= s ug=t de$'a"at% s as t t=e !a'%d%ty <"egu'at% s a<<e$t% g a&att %"s

C ,/aso a d 3ar ic C )8 t=ese $'a%-s d%d NOTa"%se ut < t=e sa-e se"%es < t"a sa$t% s as t=e"eFas $ -- ;a"t%$%;at% &y t=e Ps ea$= se"%es <t"a sa$t% Fas ;e$u'%a" t ea$= % d%!%dua' P

Note ,/aso !iss)8 Mas J d%sse ted a d a"guedt=e ;="ase s= u'd &e $ st"ued '%&e"a''y

• D%s$"et% a"y J % de" 7I, PJ ,AILS9 COME ERE)

o 3=at %s %t

P $a see 'ea!e < " t=e $ u"t t e e"$%se %ts d%s$"et% a d g"a t % de" #.>(6&8

o ,a$t "s C u"t F%'' C s%de"

TEST

• 3=at %s - st $ du$%!e t a ust "es 'ut% < t=e d%s;ute &etFeet=e ;a"t%es ishop

,a$t "s ,OR

51 | P a g e



• J % de" u '% e'y t $ause s%g %<%$a t u <a%" ess t a y ;a"ty ishop

• Des%"a&%'%ty < '%-%t% g $ sts a d de'ay < '%t%gat% ishop

• A! %d <' d% g $ u"ts F%t= u e$essa"y '%t%gat% ishop

• E!%de $e t "e'%ed u; -ust &e !e"y s%-%'a" t as t t $"eate tg"eat a &u"de t=e D A=,

o I< O 'y 1 A"- < *./27a) $a &e Sat%s<%ed

U "e; "ted de$%s% s suggest $ u"t $a e e"$%se d%s$"et% !lenwood

• C -;u's "y Ne$essa"y J % de" 7I, DJ ,AILS9 COME ERE)

o C te t

Exam9le8 Pe"s A &uy% g a = use <" - +#C +#C get a &ette" <<e"a<te" e te"% g % t < " t=e sa'e < 'a d A sues + a d t C C u"t"e<uses a d $ -;u's "%'y atta$=es C

o Ru'es

Re'%e<

• 3=e"e P $'a%-s "e'%e< t F=%$= s -e e e'se %s % t'y e t%t'ed9 a'';e"s s % t'y e t%t'ed -ust &e % ed #.>)6'8

•

Exam9leo P1 a d P2 % t'y F a $a" & t= -ust &e ;'a% t%<<s

J % t a d Se!e"a&'e L%a&%'%ty 7e.g. T "ts)

• J a d S L -ea s & t= ;a"t%es 7D a d ) a"e '%a&'e < " t=e <u''a- u t

• 3=e"e P $'a%-s aga% D F= %s % t'y a d se!e"a''y '%a&'e F%t= 9 eed t &e -ade a D t t=e ;" $eed% gs #.>)6(8

• D -ust $=ase t=e < " $ t"%&ut% s

J % t 7&ut t se!e"a&'e) L%a&%'%ty u de" a

• Rule

o 3=e"e D %s % t'y '%a&'e u de" a F%t= a t=e"9 P s= u'd$'a%- aga% st D a d a'' ;e"s s % t'y '%a&'e #.>)6)8

• E77ect

o I< P d es t % a'' ;e"s s % t'y '%a&'e as Ds9 $ u"t $astay ;" $eed% gs u t%' a'' ;e"s s a"e % ed #.>)6)8

• &evera<le

52 | P a g e



o A&'e t &e 'ega''y se;a"ated F%t= ut % !a'%dat% g F=at"e-a% s 7%.e. P $a g a<te" t=e F= 'e a- u t <" - e%t=e" D)

o T%-% g

C u"t $a -a e t=ese "de"s &e< "e " a<te" t=e 0 % de" #.>)6'48

o P '%$y

T=e "y &e=% d $ -;u's "y % de" %s t=at a'' ;a"t%es F= a"e e$essa"y a d;" ;e" < " t=e "es 'ut% < t=e d%s;ute s= u'd &e &e< "e t=e $ u"t

T=%s %s a e $e;t% t t=e "u'e t=at C u"ts d ?t de$%de F= a"e ;a"t%es td%s;utes

,oinder $nconvenient

•

C te to D -ay a"gue a % de" %s % $ !e %e t a d s= u'd t=e"e< "e t $$u"

• Ru'e

o A % de" %s % $ !e %e t F=e"e %t: #.>4

ma: em<arrass

• V u % te''%g%&'e9 a-&%gu us9 !ague " t ge e"a'9 s as t

e-&a""ass t=e ;; s%te ;a"ty F= d es t F F=at %s a''egedaga% st =%-.W ongiorno , in !unns 6,uly (>>58 citing SC ine% i''

• I Gu s9 t=e d $ Fas e-&a""assed &e$ause t=e ;'ead% gs Fe"e s' g a d $ -;'e

ma: dela: tBe trial

ma: cause 9reGudice

•

Ju"y t"%a's 'y• 3=e"e t=e"e %s a "%s t=e a$t% s < D1 $ u'd u <a%"'y ta" %s= D2

is otBer ise i co ve ie t

• D%s$"et%

o T=e $ u"t =as d%s$"et% % "de"% g % de" a d F%'' $ s%de"

• E<<e$t < I $ !e %e t J % de"

o I< $ u"t <% ds a ; te t%a' % de" % $ !e %e t9 %t -ay "de":

Se;a"ate t"%a's

58 | P a g e



E $'us% < a $'a%-

C st "de"s < " atte d% g t=e %""e'e!a t ;a"t < t=e t"%a'

Re- !a' < ;a"t%es

Costs

• rdi ar: rule :

o L s% g D ;ays Ps $ sts

o P ;ays F% % g Ds $ sts

• 3ulloc order :

o L s% g D "e%-&u"ses P < " F% % g Ds $ sts

• &a derso order :

o L s% g D ;ays F% % g Ds $ sts d%"e$t'y

Beading Cases

• irtles v Commonwealth of Aus 6'#1>8

o act

3 P'a% t%<< sued < " da-ages < " ;e"s a' % u"%es a"%s% g <" - a % dust"%a'a$t%

Ea$= < t=e de<e da ts asse"ted t=at t=e $'a%- Fas statute &a""ed9% $'ud% g t=at t=e ;'a% t%<< d%d ?t se"!e a t%$e t=e SEC F%t=% 6 - t=s

< t=e a$$%de t9 as "eHu%"ed &y statute

P'a% t%<< s ug=t t add =%s "%g% a' s '%$%t " as a de<e da t a''eg% geg'%ge $e % t se"!% g t=e t%$e

o eld

Sa-e t"a sa$t% ? t &e &" ad'y $ st"ued %t %s a "e-ed%a' "u'eN t ust t=e a$$%de t a d % u"y susta% ed9 &ut a's su&seHue t -atte"s"e'e!a t t t=e a$t% aga% st t=e de<e da tsI< ;'a% t%<< =ad t sue s '%$%t " se;a"ate'y9 t=e"e Fas a "%s t=at:

• L se a$t% aga% st de<e da ts &e$ause a$t% statute &a""edK a d• L se a$t% aga% st s '%$%t " &e$ause <a%' t sat%s<y t=e udge t=at

t=e de<e $e < statute < '%-%tat% s Fas s u d 7a ;"e"eHu%s%te tsu$$eed% g aga% st t=e s '%$%t ")

• 2ayne v oung 6'# >8

o act

5 | P a g e



Se!e ;'a% t%<<s Fe"e a'' F e"s < a&att %"s % 3A

T=ey s ug=t a de$'a"at% t=at t=e % s;e$t% <ee ;aya&'e u de" t=eRegu'at% s Fas a e $%se a d9 as %t Fas %-; sed &y State 'eg%s'at% 9 %tFas ! %d9 e $%se &e% g F%t=% t=e e $'us%!e u"%sd%$t% < t=eC -- Fea't=

Fe!e"9 ea$= ;'a% t%<< -ade a % d%!%dua' $'a%- aga% st e de<e da t'y9 < " t=e "e;ay-e t < <ees ;a%d t t=e de<e da t

T=us ea$= "e'e!a t de<e da t =ad 'y a s% g'e $'a%- -ade aga% st %t < ""e;ay-e t < - ey ;a%d u de" $ -;u's% " ;a%d u de" -%sta e < 'aF

o eld

C ,/aso a d 3ar ic C )8 t=ese $'a%-s d%d NOT a"%se ut < t=esa-e se"%es < t"a sa$t% s as t=e"e Fas $ -- ;a"t%$%;at% &y t=ePs ea$= se"%es < t"a sa$t% Fas ;e$u'%a" t ea$= % d%!%dua' P

• C'a%- < " a de$'a"at% d%d t a"%se ut < a y t"a sa$t% " se"%es< t"a sa$t% s

• N $ -- ;a"t%$%;at% &y ;'a% t%<<s % t=e % s;e$t% se"!%$es >Ea$= se"%es < t"a sa$t% s Fas ;e$u'%a" t ea$= % d%!%dua' ;'a% t%<<?

• >T=e - st t=at $a &e sa%d =e"e %s t=at t=e $'a%-s a"%se ut <s%-%'a" t"a sa$t% s?

Note ,/aso !iss)8 Mas J d%sse ted a d a"gued t=e ;="ase s= u'd &e$ st"ued '%&e"a''y

• ishop v ridgelands Securities 6'##>8 CA

o act

Res; de ts se t ut 'ette"s t -a y "e$%;%e ts t e t%$e t=e- t % !est- ey % Estate M "tgage9 a $ -;a y9 F=%$= u't%-ate'y <a%'ed9 a d <u dsFe"e u se$u"ed

T=e "%g% a' a;;'%$a t s ug=t t % 11 t=e" % !est "s as $ 0a;;'%$a ts

S '%$%t " =ad $ se t < a'' < t=e- t &e$ -e ;a"t%es

Cause < a$t% Fas &"ea$= < se$t% 529 a d &"ea$= < se$u"%t%es 'aF

At ,ed C u"t9 $ u se' < " a;;'%$a t $ $eded t=at " *./27a) could not a;;'y

,ed C u"t "u'es d%d =a!e eHu%!a'e t < " *./27&)9 s s ug=t t % ! e$ u"t?s &" ad d%s$"et% a"y ; Fe"

o eld – Wilcox set out 7actors to co sider8

Ta e F=ate!e" $ u"se %s - st $ du$%!e t a ust "es 'ut% < t=%s d%s;ute&etFee t=e ;a"t%es

55 | P a g e



• &ut t"y t '%-%t $ st a d de'ay % =e"e t % '%t%gat%AND

% de" Fas t g % g t "esu't % a y s%g %<%$a t ;"e ud%$e "d%sad!a tage

S= u'd a'' &e "e;"ese ted &y t=e sa-e 'aFye" 7as a ge e"a' ;"a$t%$e):• S -e e t &e "es; s%&'e < " t=e "u % g < t=e $ase % a $ 0

"d% ated -a e"P'us s= u'd =a!e su&sta t%a' !e"'a; % t=e e!%de $e. E %sted =e"e.I< de y 'ea!e9 F u'd =a!e =ad 11 se;a"ate $'a%-s % ,ed C u"t sa-e%ssue

• P'us s-a''e" ;a"t%es -%g=t t =a!e t=e <u ds t a$=%e!e ust%$e% de;e de t'y

• A = , 2artitions v ,olly 6-ic SC8o act

S%-%'a" ;" $eed% gs as a& !e -a y % d%!%dua's % !ested - ey t=e&as%s < assu"a $es < %$t "%a G !e" -e t a d aud%t "s t=at %t Fas ayt % !est

P'a% t%<<s eF9 &e$ause < 2ayne v oung 9 t=at t=ey F u'd t su$$eed & t= '%-&s < *./27a)

S 9 9 ( % !est "s a;;'%ed t % as ;'a% t%<<9 a d s a;;'%ed u de" "*./27&)

o eld ,3eacB )

A;;'%$at% a$$e;ted u de" *./27&)

O e <a$t " $ s%de"ed Fas t=at 1 < t=e 2 '%-&s <" - 7a) Fas -et

oi der o7 Claims <: P

Structure

• I t"

• Just%<%$at%

• D%s$"et%

@ am

• Lead% g L% e

o P -ay % AN4 u-&e" < $'a%-s aga% st a D F=et=e" t=e P -a es t=e $'a%-s %t=e sa-e " % d%<<e"e t $a;a$%t%es a d F=et=e" t=e $'a%-s a"e -ade aga% st t=eD % t=e sa-e " % d%<<e"e t $a;a$%t%es #.>'

• Just%<%$at%

56 | P a g e



o It?s %-; "ta t t % "e'e!a t9 &e$ause %< P d es ?t9 RJC -ay ;"e!e t t=e &"% g% g< t=e se$ d $'a%-s at a 'ate" t%-e

• D%s$"et%

o C u"t =as d%s$"et% F=et=e" t "de" % de"

o C u"t F%'' $ s%de" RJ9 %ssue est ;;e'9 !e"'a; < $'a%-s9 e!%de $e t &e $a''edAND % de" % $ !e %e t

oi der o7 Claims <: !

Structure

• I t"

• 8 O;t% s

o CC

o Set <<

o TPP

@ am

• I t" du$t%

o T=e"e a"e 8 Fays D $a &"% g =%s F %ssues t a $ase:

CC

Set <<

TPP

• C u te" C'a%- 7a'Fays ' at set << as Fe'')

o Lead% g L% e

A de<e da t F= =as a $'a%- aga% st t=e ;'a% t%<< -ay $ u te"$'a%- '>.>(6'8

o D a$ts as P

CC a$ts as a sF "d a d t=e"e< "e *./1 a;;'%es t a $ u te"$'a%- as %< PFe"e D a d D Fe"e P '>.>(6(8

CC %s NOT a de<e $e9 %t %s a eF $ause < a$t% t=e"e< "e %t e t%t'es D t

"e'%e<9 a d F%'' $ t% ue e!e %< t=e <%"st -atte" %s d" ;;edo , "-

5@ | P a g e



P'eaded % a d $u-e t $a''ed a >De<e $e a d C u te"$'a%-? '>.>(6)8

o J % de"

D -ay % a y t=e" ;e"s 7F=et=e" ;a"ty t ;" $eed% g " t) F= 9 %< DFe"e t &"% g a se;a"ate ;" $eed% gs $ u'd &e ;" ;e"'y % ed F%t= P as a;a"ty % a$$ "da $e F%t= *./2 '>.>)

o CC I $ !e %e t

Ru'e

• C u"t =as d%s$"et% t "de" a CC % $ !e %e t F=e"e %t: '>.>1

o ma: em<arrass

V u % te''%g%&'e9 a-&%gu us9 !ague " t ge e"a'9 sas t e-&a""ass t=e ;; s%te ;a"ty F= d es t FF=at %s a''eged aga% st =%-.W ongiorno , in !unns6,uly (>>58 citing S C in e% i''

I Gu s9 t=e d $ Fas e-&a""assed &e$ause t=e;'ead% gs Fe"e s ' g a d $ -;'e

o ma: dela: tBe trial

o ma: cause 9reGudice

Ju"y t"%a's 'y

3=e"e t=e"e %s a "%s t=e a$t% s < D1 $ u'd u <a%"'yta" %s= D2

o is otBer ise i co ve ie t

E<<e$t < I $ !e %e t CC

• I< $ u"t <% ds a ; te t%a' % de" % $ !e %e t9 %t -ay "de": '>.>1

o 7a) Se;a"ate t"%a's < " t=e CC a d t=e Ps $'a%-

o 7&) A $'a%- % t=e CC %s e $'uded

o 7$) St"% e ut t=e CC &ut a'' F t=e D t &"% g t=e $'a%- % ase;a"ate ;" $eed% g

o 7d) O"de" t=at a ;e"s % ed as D t t=e CC $ease t &e a;a"ty t t=e CC

• Set <<

o 3=e Ca %t &e Used

Ca 'y &e used F=e t=e ;a"t%es see - ey 7%.e. "e$ !e"y < de&t9da-ages) ').'4

5( | P a g e



• Ca NOT &e used < " F=e"e % u $t% 9 de$'a"at% et$ %s s ug=t

o A$ts as a De<e $e

Set0 << %s a statut "y de<e $e 7 t a $'a%- a d t=e"e< "e d ?t eed <%'% g<ees et$)

o Set0 << Aga% st 3=at

Ca set << aga% st a yt=% g eed t &e "e'ated t t=e $u""e t $ase

• E.g. P Fes D 5/ <" - a ' a 9 P sues D < " 1//9 $a <<set t=e 5/

O<te used t set0 << aga% st a CC

o Re'at% s=%; F%t= CC

A'Fays as < " set << F%t= CC

D ?t e$essa"y as < " CC F%t= e!e"y set <<

• May t Fa t t ;ay <%'% g <ee < " eF CC $ause < a$t%

• May &e s -et=% g '% e $ t"%&ut "y eg'%ge $e F%t= $ause <a$t%

o F Mu$=

I< set << %s - "e t=a t=e a- u t9 D $a CC < " t=e utsta d% g

• '8 Does D have a %!ai a&ainst t)e N

• (8 $f yes can counterclaim under '>.>(6'8

• (a8 Document entitled ;Defence and Counterclaim* '>.>(6)8

• )8 D can join an" nu er o' %!ai s against the 2 6#.>'8

• )a8 #.>' applies to counterclaim as if 2 were D and D were 2 '>.>(6(8

• 48 D may oin an" ot)er (erson who if D were to &ring a separate proceeding

could &e properly joined with 2 in accordance with #.>(• 58 $s 9.02 made outN

• 5a8 3ould a common Iuestion of law fact would arise if separate proceedings were&rought #.>(6a86i8A0D

• 5&8 Do all rights to relief claimed arise out of same transaction or series oftransactionsN #.>(6a86ii8

• 18 Counter%!ai :n%on$enient % Does the counterclaim em&arrass delay the trialcause prejudice to any party or otherwise cannot &e conveniently triedN 10.06

•

1a8 $f there is a joinder inconvenient the Court may order%• separate trial 10.06 a * e clude any claim in the counterclaim 10.06 * stri7e out

claim without prejudice to D*s right to assert in separate proceedings 10.06 % 8order any person joined as D to &e party to counterclaim 10.06 #

5* | P a g e



T IRD PARTIE S

W AT I& IT• ! ma es a claim a6ai st a TP ot alread: 9art: to tBe 9roceedi 6

C NTE?T• 3=e"e t=e t"a sa$t% % ! '!es a % te"-ed%a"y

o E.g. A se''s <au'ty $a" t + F= 0se''s t C C sues + + adds A as a TPo E.g. + adds =%s % su"a $e age $y as a TP

E?A/• Se;a"ate Matte"

o TPP $ s%de"ed a se;a"ate -atte" s sa-e "u'es a;;'y as F u'd t "%g% a';" $eed% gs

• C $u""e t'y L%a&'eo D a d TP -ust &e co curre tl: lia<le 9 t a'te" at%!e'y '%a&'e

• C'a%-so D $'a%-s e < t=e < '' F% g aga% st TP t a'"eady ;a"ty t t=e ;" $eed% g:

11#01A) A y co tri<utio or i dem it: 11#01,a)

• C t"%&ut% : '%a&%'%ty %s 'y ;a"t%a' 7 'y s -e ;a"t < t=ea- u t) %.e. 2 ;a"t%es a"e eg'%ge t

• I de- %ty: e t%"e &'%gat% %s ;a%d % de- %<%ed %.e. % su"a $e

$ t"a$ts9 gua"a t "s et$+) A y relie7 or remed: relati 6 co ected to ori6i al su<Gectmatter a d su&sta t%a''y t=e sa-e as s -e "e'%e< "e-ed%ed &e% g$'a%-ed &y P'a% t%<<11#01,<)C) A y @uestio relati 6 to co ected itB ori6i al su<Gectmatter < ;" $eed% g s= u'd &e dete"-% ed t 'y &etFee P a d D&ut a's &etFee e%t=e" & t= < t=e- a d t=e t=%"d ;a"ty 11#01,c)

• T%-% go D $a NOT <%'ed a t=%"d0;a"ty t%$e u 'ess t=ey =a!e <%"st <%'ed a

de<e $e $ u te"$'a%- 11#05,1)o TP t%$e -ay &e <%'ed:

3%t=% 8/ days a<te" t=e t%-e < " t=e se"!%$e < a de<e $e 11#05,$),a)ORAt a y t%-e F%t= 'ea!e < C u"t 11#05,$),<)ORAt a y t%-e F%t= $ se t < t=e P # a y t=e" ;a"ty F= =as e te"ed aa;;ea"a $e 11#05,$),<)

• , "-9 ,%'% g a d Se"!%$eo ,%'% g

C'a%- $ --e $ed &y <%'% g TP t%$e % t=e C u"t9 F=e"eu; TP&e$ -es ;a"ty t ;" $eed% g 11#04,1)o , "-

6/ | P a g e



TP t%$e % orm 11A s=a'' &e e d "sed F%t= a &tateme t o7 Claim 11#0$

o Se"!%$e,%'ed # se"!ed % t=e sa-e -a e" as "%g% at% g ;" $ess %s <%'ed a dse"!ed D 11#04,$)

TPN s=a'' &e se"!ed t=%"d ;a"ty F%t=% 6/ days a<te" %t %s <%'ed

11#0.,1)• C u"t -ay <% a t=e" ;e"% d < " se"!%$e < a t=%"d ;a"ty &e< "e

t%$e %s <%'ed11#0.,$),a) " at t=e t%-e %t g"a ts 'ea!e u de"11./572) t <%'e t=e t%$e 11#0.,$),<)

• C u"t -ay e te d ;e"% d < " se"!%$e < " su$= <u"t=e" ;e"% d as %tsees <%t 11#0.,() &e< "e " a<te" e ;%"y < ;e"% d < " se"!%$e11#0.,4)

D -ust se"!e a $ ;y < t=e TPN t=e ;'a% t%<< 11#0.,+),a) a d a yt=e" ;a"ty F= =as a;;ea"ed 11#0.,+),<)

• t= a d Su&seHue t Pa"t%eso TP $a &"% g % t= a d su&seHue t ;a"t%es F%t= 'ea!e < t=e $ u"t 11#1+

• D Fa ts t Sue a Pa"ty t t=e Cu""e t P" $eed% gs F= %s NOT a Po D $a sue a ;a"ty t t=e $u""e t ;" $eed% gs F= %s t a P %< t=ey -eet t=e

"eHu%"e-e ts u de" 11./1 11#15o M "e % < "-at% % t=e add%t% a' % < se$t% &e' F

A!!ITI NAL IN R/ATI N ,! NKT "&E "NLE&& &PECI ICALL2 RELE%ANT)• A;;ea"a $e

o TPN s=a'' state a t%-e F%t=% F=%$= TP -ay <%'e a a;;ea"a $e % t=e;" $eed% gs 11#0(,1)

N t%$e se"!ed % %$t "%a t 'ess t=a 1/ days a<te" se"!%$e 11#0(,$),a)N t%$e se"!ed ut < %$t "%a F%t=% t%-e '%-%ted &y Rule -#04,<)> ,c)or ,d) " F%t=% t=e time limited <: a : order o7 tBe Court aut= "% % g se"!%$e < t=e t%$e 11#0(,$),<)

• Ru!e 8.04; +ime stated in writ originating motion for thedefendant shall &e

o 3here served in -$C ? 0ot less than '> days after service8.04 a

o 3here served out of -ictoria &ut in Australia ? (' days

after service 8.04o 3here served in 0 20! ? 0ot less than ( days afterservice 8.04 %

o $n any other case ? not less than 4( days 8.04 #o TP -ay <%'e a a;;ea"a $e F%t=% t=e t%-e '%-%ted < " a;;ea"a $e 11#0-,1)

,a) " F%t=% su$= <u"t=e" t%-e as C u"t -ay a'' F 11#0-,1),<) T=%"d ;a"ty F= <%'es a;;ea"a $e9 t=e sa-e day9 se"!e sea'ed $ ;y

< t=e t%$e < a;;ea"a $e t=e ;'a% t%<< 11#0-,$)o !e7e ce : TP F= <%'es a;;ea"a $e s=a'' se"!e de<e $e t SOC F%t=% 8/ days

< <%'% g a;;ea"a $e 11#0',1)

o Cou ter;Claim <: TBird Part: : TP F= =as $'a%- aga% st D -ay asse"t &y$ u te"$'a%- a d "u'e 1/./2 s=a'' a;;'y as %< $'a%- &y TPN Fe"e ;" $eed% g$ --e $ed &y F"%te 11#10,1)

61 | P a g e



3=e"e D =as se"!ed $ u te"$'a%-ed9 O"de" s=a'' a;;'y as %< D Fe"e Pa d P Fe"e D 11#1.

• C'a%- Aga% st N 0P'a% t%<< Pa"tyo WBere ! a ts to sue someo e Bo is alread: a 9art:> <ut ot a P i

tBe 9roceedi 6 – &ee 9i dia6ram <eloo 3=e"e ;a"ty $'a%-s aga% st a t=e" ;a"ty t ;" $eed% gs9 -ay -a e $'a%- &y

<%'% g a d se"!%$e t%$eF%t=% 6/ days a<te" t=e se"!%$e t=e ;a"ty < t=e d $u-e t % t=e;" $eed% g &y F=%$= t=e $'a%- % "es;e$t < F=%$= t=e t%$e %s se"!edFas -ade 11#15,1),a)

" %< d $u-e t Fas se"!ed F=e t=e t=e" ;a"ty Fas t a ;a"ty9 F%t=%6/ a<te" ;a"ty &e$a-e a ;a"ty 11#15,1),<)

o 3%'' NOT a;;'y F=e"e $'a%- $ u'd &e -ade &y $ u te"$'a%- 11#15,$)o N a;;ea"a $e s=a'' &e e$essa"y t a t%$e u de" 11.1571) %< ;a"ty =as

a'"eady <%'ed a a;;ea"a $e % t=e ;" $eed% g " %s a ;'a% t%<< 11#15,()o 3=e"e a ;a"ty $'a%-s aga% st a t=e" ;a"ty t t=e ;" $eed% g $ t"%&ut%

;u"sua t t Pa"t I < t=e Wro 6s Act 1'5- 9 a t%$e u de" ;a"ag"a;= 71)s=a'' &e % a$$ "da $e F%t= , "- 11+. 11#15,5)

/se in situations where D wants to sue someone who is already a party &ut nota plaintiff to the proceedings. Similar to third9party procedure &ut technicallydifferent.

$ +" $0! +O ,O$0%

Co (!ete outsi#er % +hird 2arty 2rocedure

!ainti'' % Counter9claim

So eone e!se in$o!$e# in t)e a%tion % Counter9Claim

So eone a!rea#" in t)e a%tion ut not t)e (!ainti'' % ''.'5

62 | P a g e



A/EN!/ENT> A!!ITI N> &"3TRACT> RE/ %E A,TER 3RIT IS ,ILED

W AT I& IT• CBa 6i 6 a rit A TER it Bas <ee 7iled• C#7# oi der BicB occurs 3E RE tBe rit is 7iled

C NTE?T• 3=e"e a a-e Fas s;e't F" g % t=e F"%t• Add% g a ;a"ty et$

E?A/• 2 Fays t a-e d a F"%t a<te" %t =as &ee <%'ed

o O"de" 86 A-e d-e t

+ette" as a'' Fs $%"$u-!e t% < '%-%tat% ;e"% dUsua''y used F=e t=e"e %s a te$= %$a' de<e$t

o Ru'e *./6 Add9 Su&t"a$t9 Re- !eC=a g% g s -et=% g su&sta t%a' '% e t=e $ause < a$t% add% g a ;a"ty

AMENDMENTS: ORDER 86

W AT I& IT• Ame di 6 a tecB ical mista e A TER tBe rit Bas <ee 7iled

C NTE?T• 3=e"e a a-e Fas s;e't F" g % t=e F"%t• A ty; % t=e F"%t et$

*ENERAL R"LE• Ru'e 3=e a"e a-e d-e ts a'' Fed

o C u"t -ay "de" a-e d-e t < d $u-e t at a y stage < " t=e ;u"; se <:Dete"-% % g Huest% % $ t" !e"sy (+#01,a)

C ""e$t% g a y de<e$t " e"" " (+#01,<)A! %d% g -u't%;'%$%ty < ;" $eed% gs (+#01,c)

• 3=at %s a >D $u-e t?o ><o%u ent= % $'udes "%g% at% g ;" $ess9 % d "se-se t < $'a%-

"%g% at% g ;" $ess9 ;'ead% g (+#01,$)• NeF Cause < A$t% A"%s% g A,TER t=e P" $eed% g C --e $ed

o Ca add or su<stitute a cause o7 actio a"%s% g a<te" $ --e $e-e t <;" $eed% g (+#01,()

• C ""e$t% g a M%sta eo Ca $ ""e$t a mista e i ame < a ;a"ty9 e!e %< %t "esu'ts % su&st%tut% g

;a"t%es (+#01,4)o 3=e"e correctio is to ame o7 a 9art: ,su<stituti 6 a t=e" ;e"s )9

;" $eed% g %s ta e t =a!e $ --e $ed F%t= "es; se t t=at ;e"s

68 | P a g e



(+#01,5)

LI/ITATI N PERI !• 3=e"e L%-%tat% Pe"% d =as E ;%"ed

o C u"t -ay -a e a "de" u de" (+#01,1) e!e %< t=e "e'e!a t '%-%tat%;e"% d =as e ;%"ed (+#01,+)

ADDITION9 SU+STITUTION AND REMO AL: ORDER *

W AT I& IT• Addi 6> su<stituti 6 or removi 6 a 9art: A TER tBe rit Bas <ee 7iled

C NTE?T• Sa-e as % de"9 &ut < " A,TER t=e ;" $eed% g =as &ee $ --e $ed

*ENERAL R"LE&• I te";"etat%

o C u"t F%'' "e<e" t *./2 7 % de") % a;;'y% g *./6• T%-% g

o P " D -ay add9 "e- !e " su&st%tute a ;a"ty at a y stage < t=e ;" $eed% g'#0+

• L%-%tat% Pe"% do P $a use *./6 a<te" t=e '%-%tat% ;e"% d =as e ;%"ed9 &ut D F%'' &e a&'e t

use t=e de<e $e < >'%-%tat% ;e"% d?P F%'' =a!e t see a e te s% < t%-eo C.<. O"de" 86 a-e d-e t % F=%$= y u $a a-e d a<te" '%-%tat% ;e"% d

RE/ %AL> A!!ITI N> &"3&TIT"TI N• Re- !a'

o C u"t -ay "de" a 9erso ot a 9ro9er or ecessar: 9art: cease to <ea 9art: '#0+,a)

• Add%t%o I< add% g P29 y u eed P2s $ se t % F"%t% g '#0.,1)o C u"t F%'' 'y a'' F a ;a"ty t &e added %<:

%) T=ey s= u'd =a!e &ee % ed '#0+,<),i)• A;;'y $ -;u's "y % de" test u de" *./8

OR%%) T=e"e ;"ese $e %s e$essa"y t e su"e a'' s a"e e<<e$tua''y a d$ -;'ete'y dete"-% ed a d ad ud%$ated u; '#0+,<),i)

• A;;'y ;e"-%ss%!e % de" test u de" *./2• T ug=e" t ;" !e < " D

OR%%%) T=e ;e"s a d a y ;a"ty t t=e ;" $eed% g -ay =a!e a Huest%&etFee t=e a"%s% g ut <9 " "e'at% g t 9 " $ e$ted F%t=9 a y $'a%-% t=e ;" $eed% g F=%$= %t %s Gust a d co ve ie t t dete"-% e'#0+,<),ii)

6 | P a g e



• T dete"-% e J#C a;;'y *./2o A"gue e<<%$%e $y sa!es t%-e a d - ey

• L at % $ !e %e $e u de" *./o E!a'uate ;"e ud%$e t t=e" ;a"ty 7de'ay)

• Su&st%tut%o A ;e"s u de" ;a"a + 7add%t% ) ca <e su<stituted 7or o e u der 9ara A

,removal) '#0+,c)

CONSOLIDATION

W AT I& IT• $ or more 9roceedi 6s o tBe same issues matters tBat are 9e di 6 i

court ca <e co solidated i to 1 9roceedi 6

C NTE?T• E.g. P sues D1 a d D2 % tF se;a"ate $ases < " t=e sa-e $ause < a$t% t=e

sa-e <a$ts

*ENERAL R"LE&• 3=e $a t=%s &e used

o 3=e"e 2 " - "e ;" $eed% gs ;e d% g % t=e C u"t a d8C -- Huest% < 'aF <a$t a"%ses % a'' & t= < t=e- '#1$,1),a)ORR%g=ts t "e'%e< $'a%-ed a"%se ut < sa-e t"a sa$t% se"%es <t"a sa$t% s '#1$,1),<)ORDes%"a&'e % $%"$u-sta $es '#1$,1),c)

• D%s$"et%o Ge e"a''y s u<Gect to discretio o7 tBe Gud6e '#1$,$)o Exce9tio 8 C u"t MUST % %< %t F u'd =a!e &ee ;" ;e" t % t=e $'a%-

&etFee t=e P % t=e $u""e t ;" $eed% g a d t=e ;a"t%es % t=e se$ d;" $eed% g 3ol ell

• E<<e$to T=e $ u"t -ay "de" t=e ;" $eed% gs &e: '#1$

C s '%dated

T"%ed at t=e sa-e t%-eI--ed%ate'y su&seHue tA y 9roceedi 6s sta:ed u til determi atio o7 a otBer9roceedi 6

AMICUS CURIAE AND INTER ENERS

INTER ENERS 7SEE S TO IN T E PR CEE! IN * )

W AT I& IT• A o ;9art: see s to Goi tBe 9roceedi 6

o NP itB o direct i volveme t i tBe tra sactio tBat 7orms tBedis9ute isBes to <e i volved

65 | P a g e



o TBus Bas issues e77ected> <ut ca N T use Goi der as tBe: do Kt meettBe re@uireme ts

C NTE?T• I su"a $e $ -;a y F= -ay =a!e t ;ay % su"a $e de;e d% g t=e ut$ -e• A t=e" &us% ess % t=e % dust"y a<<e$ted &y t=e de$%s%

*ENERAL R"LE&• Lead% g L% e

o NP % s g % g '%t%gat% F%t= ut t=e ;e"-%ss% < t=e "%g% a' '%t%ga ts• Rat% a'e

o Judg-e t -ay a<<e$t t=e "%g=ts < NPs9 F= t=e"e< "e s= u'd =a!e a "%g=t t&e =ea"d

• TESTo Use t=e add%t% test % '#0+,<)

Ca &e used &y a i terve er 9 F=e"e t=at % te"!e e"?s 'ega' "%g=ts-ay &e a<<e$ted

o 3=e"e s -e e $a t s= F t=e%" % te"est9 - "e a;;" ;"%ate t=at t=ey a"ea-%$us $u"%ae Lev: v %ictoria

• E<<e$to A % te"!e e" %s a ;a"ty t t=e $ase 7N t a P " a D9 &ut a I9 F=%$= %s a

$ateg "y % %tse'<)o I $a e a-% e F%t esses

• Statuteo S -e ; Fe"s < % te"!e t% a"e g%!e % statute 7e.g. ACCC9 REOC9 AG) a d

t=e"e< "e 'ea!e %s "eHu%"edAMICUS CURIAE 7,RIEND O, T E COURT 3 O IS N T A PART2 )

W AT I& IT• rie d o7 tBe court Bo is N T a 9art:> <ut ca o77er a su<missio o la

or releva t 7act to assist tBe court

C NTE?T• C --u %ty "ga %sat% a<<e$ted &y t=e de$%s%

*ENERAL R"LE&• Lead% g L% e

o A 9erso Bo %s F%''% g t o77er t=e C u"t a su<missio o la orreleva t 7act tBat ill Jassist tBe Court % a Fay F=%$= t=e C u"t F u'd

t t=e"F%se =a!e &ee ass%sted? 3re a C i Lev: v %ictoria• TEST

o TESTAC F%'' &e =ea"d F=e t=e Court is o7 tBe o9i io t=at %t F%'' &esi6 i7ica tl: assisted &y t=e AC

o A;;'%$at%Assessed &y $ s%de"% g de'ay a d $ stG"a ted ;" !%ded t=at a y cost to 9arties or dela: is otdis9ro9ortio ate to tBe assista ce tBat is ex9ected

66 | P a g e



LEA!IN* CA&E• Le!y ! State < %$ 71**@)

o Regu'at% s u de" t=e %$t "%a 3ildlife Act '#:5 # Conservation orests =Bands Act '# : -ade %t a <<e $e t &e F%t=% a a"ea set as%de < " t=e=u t% g < ga-e &%"ds at t=e &eg% % g < t=e =u t% g seas F%t= ut a'%$e $e

o Lau"e $e Le!y ;; sed du$ s= t% g a d % Ju e 1** 9 at t=e sta"t < t=edu$ s= t% g seas 9 =e Fas $=a"ged F%t= &e% g % a =u t% g a"ea du"% g a;" =%&%ted t%-e F%t= ut a '%$e $e

o Le!y $'a%-ed =e Fas % t=e a"ea at t=e "e'e!a t t%-e t $ ''e$t dead a dF u ded du$ s 'ega''y s= t9 as Fe'' as dead a d F u ded e da ge"eds;e$%es %''ega''y s= t

o e a's a"gued =e Fas atte-;t% g t d"aF -ed%a atte t% t t=e $"ue'ty <du$ s= t% g # % <'ue $e ;e ;'es? ; '%t%$a' udg-e t t Fa"ds t=e G !Ys$ t% ued su;; "t < du$ s= t% g

o M" Le!y a"gued t=at t=e "egu'at% u de" F=%$= =e Fas $=a"ged Fas % !a'%das %t % <"% ged t=e %-;'%ed <"eed - < ; '%t%$a' $ --u %$at%

o Court eld ,Lev: loses)6 se;a"ate udg-e ts A'' @ -e-&e"s < t=e C u;=e'd t=e "egu'at%A-%$us F%'' &e =ea"d F=e :

• C u"t %s < ;% % t=at %t F%'' &e s%g %<%$a t'y ass%stedK• P" !%ded t=at a y $ st t t=e ;a"t%es " de'ay %s t

d%s;" ; "t% ate t t=e ass%sta $e t=at %s e ;e$ted

6@ | P a g e



+) REPRE&ENTATI%E PR CEE!IN*&,*R "P& A& PARTIE&)

W AT I& IT•

TBere are ( a:s to Bave multi9le 9eo9le i o e 9art:o 1) oi der Additio ,discussed a<ove)o $) rder 1- &ame I terest Proceedi 6so () Part 4A Class Actio s

• TBis to9ic ill discussio rder 1- a d Part 4A

C NTE?T• L at % de" <%"st

o I< J % de" %s % $ !e %e t " %-; ss%&'e9 ' at "de" 1( " ;a"t A• I< - "e t=a @ Ps9 ' at Pa"t A• I< y u Fa t D as t=e "e;"ese tat%!e ;a"ty use O"de" 1(

*ENERAL R"LE&• I<9 u de" O"de" *9 % de" < se!e"a' ;a"t%es F u'd & e i co ve ie t or im9ossi<le

o T o t:9es o7 9roceedi 6s t $ s%de": T"ad%t% a' >same i terest ? ;" $eed% gs 7 rder 1- &CR )Class actio s :

• ,C > ;t ut? ;" $eed% gs 7 Part I% A ederal Court Act )• SC > ;t ut? ;" $eed% gs 7 Part 4A &u9reme Court Act )

J&A/E INTERE&TK PR CEE!IN*&

W AT I& IT• WBere umerous Ps or !s Bave tBe same i terest i a 9roceedi 6 tBe: ca

all Bave tBeir i terest re9rese ted <: some o7 all o7 tBe Ps !s

C NTE?T• Less t=a @ Ps F=e"e a'' Ps a"e t %de t%<%a&'e• Ca &e used &y P a d D

E?A/• Lead% g '% e• D es P D =a!e t=e sa-e % te"est• De<% e t=e $'ass• C u"ts d%s$"et% t "e<use

&A/E INTERE&T PR CEE!IN*• Lead% g L% e

o Nu-e" us Ps3=e"e u-e" us Ps Bave tBe same i terest % a ;" $eed% g1-#01,a) t=e ;" $eed% g - a: <e comme ced <: a : o e or morePs itB tBe &I> re9rese ti 6 some or all o7 tBem 1-#0$

6( | P a g e



o Nu-e" us Ds3=e"e u-e" us Ds =a!e t=e same i terest % a ;" $eed% g1-#01,a) t=e ;" $eed% g - a: <e comme ced a6ai st a : o e ormore !s itB tBe &I as re9rese ti 6 some or all o7 tBem 1-#0$

• Estate < a De$eased Pe"s P" ;e"ty Su& e$t t a T"usto Sa-e a;;'%es < " ;" $eed% gs "ega"d% g t=e:

Ad-% %st"at% < t=e estate < a de$eased ;e"s 1-#01,a),i)ORPro9ert: su<Gect to a trust 1-#01,<),ii)

• De<% % g >Sa-e I te"est?o P"e!% us'y

Na"" F % te";"etat%• 3%'' t &e sat%s<%ed F=e"e ;" $eed% gs &" ug=t &e=a'< < P?s

u de" se;a"ate &ut t=e"F%se %de t%$a' $ t"a$ts /ar t ,"HC A)

o ReHu%"es $ -- % te"est9 g"%e!a $e a d "e-edyo T=%s ;" =%&%ts ;" $eed% gs F=e"e $'a%-s a rise out o7

se9arate co tracts> a d tBe remed: sou6Bt isdama6es

o N F+" ad i ter9retatio ,overruled /ar t)

• Sat%s<%ed F=e"e tBere is a Mcommu it: o7 i terests <et eetBe 9lai ti77s a d tBe class ,3re a ) i a : su<sta tial@uestio o7 la or 7act Car ie v Esa da , CA)

A a'ys%s• P?s A<<e$ted % t=e sa-e Fay

o A'' Ps Fe"e a<<e$ted % t=e sa-e Fay %< t=e Ps "e$e%!ed udg-e t9 a d t=e"e< "e t=e"e %s a $ --u %ty < % te"est3re a i Car ie

• S= u'd &e % te";"eted % '%g=t < %ts ;u"; seo ,a$%'%tat% g ad-% %st"at% < ust%$e &y e a&'% g ;a"t%es t

=a!e SI t se$u"e a dete"-% at% % e a$t% Per/aso C > !ea e a d !a so i Car ie

• C -- Huest% a d eHua''y e<<e$tedo SI F=e"e t=e"e %s a si6 i7ica t @uestio commo to all

mem<ers o7 tBe class a d t=ey sta d to <e e@uall:a77ected <: tBe declarator: relie7 F=%$= t=e a;;e''a tsee s Per TooBe: a d *audro i Car ie

Se;a"ate C t"a$ts• Is NOT a &a" t SI Car ie

3=e"e Da-ages a"e S ug=t• Car ie =as $'a%- < da-ages t=us %t %s ; ss%&'e t=e /ar t

a"" F % te";"etat% F%'' st%'' a;;'y % de<% % g SI % a see % gda-ages F=e"e % d%!%dua' assess-e t < t= se da-ages < "ea$= P %s "eHu%"ed

• AltBou6B 6ive tBe courts 7ocus o co ve ie ce a d7lexi<ilit: its 9ossi<le a <road vie ould <e 9re7erreda : a:

• As %t tu" s ut9 %""e'e!a t &e$ause < &((C,$),a),iii) O 'ya;;'%es t $'ass a$t% s F%t= @X

• De<% e t=e C'asso Ru'e

T=e"e %s NO eed t ID e!e"y -e-&e" < t=e $'ass9 a't= ug= t=ey -u$=&e %de t%<%ed F%t= su<<%$%e t ;a"t%$u'a"'yCar ie ,Per TooBe: F*audro )

6* | P a g e



E.g. C'ass %s a'' ;e ;'e F= =a!e ta;;ed y u" -u- 7t=%s %s NOT su<<%$%e t ;a"t%$u'a"%ty9 u 'ess y u" -u- e;t a '%st )E#6# Class is tBose 9eo9le itB a loa a6reeme t itB tBe !>

BicB is i co siste t itB tBe Credit Act ,tBis is o )E#6# Class is all mem<ers o7 tBe &t Hilda Te is Clu< as at (

u e $001 ,tBis is o )• C u"ts D%s$"et% 7Hu%$ )

o Ru'eC u"t =as d%s$"et% t d%sa'' F "e;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% gs r1-#0$

o C s%de"at% s T=e e<<e$t t=at &e% g "e;"ese ted =as t=e ; ' < Ps a d DsM "e '% e'y t a'' F F=e"e de$'a"at% %s s ug=t as % Car ie

LEA!IN* CA&E&• Ma" t ! %g=t Stea-s=%; 71*1/) E g COA 7O!e""u'ed &y CA % Ca" %e)

o acts8De<e da t Fas a s=%; a d $a""%ed 'a"ge $a"g <" - 5 d%<<e"e t

$ust -e"sS=%; su &y Russ%a Fa" s=%; du"% g Russ 0Ja;a ese Fa"Ps a'' ' st $a"g a d sued u de" U eHu%!a'e t < "de" 1( % a"e;"ese tat%!e $a;a$%ty < " &"ea$= < $ t"a$t a d eg'%ge $e t=e;a"t < t=e s=%;;% g $ -;a y

• I.e. P a;;'%ed t "e;"ese t %ts F % te"est a d % te"est < t=e" !%$t%-s

Ea$= P =ad t=e%" F $ t"a$t 5 se;a"ate $ t"a$ts• Ca"g &e% g s=%;;ed t d%<<e"e t dest% at% s

P a''eged t=ey =ad su<<e"ed a $ -- F" g• I.e. O e F" g<u' a$t F=%$= a<<e$ted a'' Ps

o eld8P ' ses RP a"e NOT a'' FedE!e t= ug= te"-s %de t%$a'9 ea$= $ t"a$t =ad d%<<e"e t $a"g a d;"%$es et$VS ea$= $'a%- =ad t &e e a-% ed %ts % d%!%dua' -e"%ts,'et$=e" M u't LJ:

• Da-ages a"e &y t=e%" atu"e a ;e"s a' "e-edy9 a d s "e;"ese tat%!e a$t% s= u'd '%e F=e"e da-ages %s t=e -a%"e-edy s ug=t

• Ca" %e ! Esa da 71**5) CAo acts8

M" a d M"s C 7<a"-e"s) & "" Fed - ey <" - Esa da ,% a $e t &uy<a"- eHu%;-e t,e'' &e=% d % ;ay-e t s "e0<% a $ed F%t= a "e!%sed ' a ag"ee-e tF%t= Esa da t e a&'e t=e- t ;ay a$$ "d% g t t=e%" F0"edu$ed-ea s

• T=%s ag"ee-e t =ad t $ -;'y F%t= $e"ta% statut "y"eHu%"e-e ts

3=e t=ey <% a''y de<au'ted t=e eF ag"ee-e t9 t=ey s ug=t t sett=%s eF ag"ee-e t as%de t=e &as%s t=at %t d%d t $ -;'y F%t= t= sestatut "y "eHu%"e-e ts

• Esa da Fe"e su;; sed t d%s$' se $e"ta% <ees9 F=%$= Fe"e td%s$' sed9 t=us t=e Ca" %es s ug=t t =a!e %t de$'a"ed ! %d

T=ey d%d s t=e%" F &e=a'< a d &e=a'< < -a y t=e"s F= =ada's e te"ed su$= ag"ee-e ts F%t= Esa da

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o eld8 T=%s Fas a a;;" ;"%ate $ase < " t=e "e;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% g t=e&as%s < t=e NS3 eHu%!a'e t < "de" 1(

• O 1( %s a <'e %&'e "u'e < $ !e %e $eW• S= u'd t &e % te";"eted "est"%$t%!e'y

E!e t= ug= Ca" %es # "e;"ese ted ;a"t%es =ad separate contracts 9 d%dt e'%-% ate $ !e %e $e < <% d% g a $ -- "%g=t t a release

N t e$essa"y < " "e;"ese tat%!es t %de t%<y e!e"y -e-&e" < t=e$'assK ust %de t%<y $'ass F%t= sufficient particularity

• SOC des$"%&ed %t as T= se F= =a!e a $"ed%t9 sa'e " ' a$ t"a$t F%t= "es; de t t=at =as &ee !a"%ed % a -a e"% $ s%ste t F%t= t=e C"ed%t A$t.W

Re-%tted t NS3 Su;"e-e C u"t9 a d Just%$e 4 u g "eHu%"ed t%$e t&e g%!e t a'' ;" s;e$t%!e -e-&e"s < t=at $'ass

T=e t=e -atte" sett'edo A al:sis

O e < t=e ;" &'e-s < Mar7t Fas "e- !ed9 "e se;a"ate $ t"a$t+ut t=e %ssue < da-ages Fas t "es '!ed9 as t see % g da-ages %t=at $ase

• St%'' u '% e'y t=at y u $ u'd use O"de" 1( %< see % g da-ages• As %t tu" s ut9 F ?t eed t &e$ause < &((C,$),a),iii) O 'y

a;;'%es t class actio s itB .O

CLASS ACTIONS

W AT I& IT• .O Ps are re9rese ted <: o e some Ps• 3rou6Bt i to re9lace rder 1- &ame I terest

C NTE?T• @X Ps "e;"ese ted &y e s -e Ps• N te t=at "u'es a"e < " t=e ,EDERAL COURT a d SUPREME COURT 'y

o Use t=e "%g=t set < "u'es

E?A/• D es P -eet t=e ReHu%"e-e ts t +"% g a C'ass A$t%• P" $ess < C --e $% g• O;t Out N t%$e• D%s$ t% ue• C sts

,EDERAL COURT: OPT0OUT PROCEEDINGS 7,EDERAL COURT ACT PART I A)

!E INITI N&• ," - S88A

o Re;"ese tat%!e P" $eed% gsP" $eed% gs t=at ;a"t I A a'' Fs < " a"e

o Re;"ese tat%!e Pa"tyPe"s F= $ --e $es t=e ;" $eed% g

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o G" u; Me-&e"sMe-&e"s < g" u; F= se &e=a'< t=e ;" $eed% g %s $ --e $ed

• A99lica t AN! Res9o de t

RE="IRE/ENT& T C //ENCE CLA&& ACTI N&• 8 Re@uireme ts to Comme ce Proceedi 6s ,7rom &((C,1)) – /ust Bave all (

o @X Ps =a!e C'a%- Aga% st t=e Sa-e RNu-&e"s < Ps

• Ru'eo T=e"e -ust &e @X Ps Bo Bave claim a6ai st same R

((C,1),a)• I< Less t=a @

o I< 'ess t=a @ use % de"• @ " (

o 3=e"e t=e"e a"e @ " (9 -%g=t Fa t t use % de" as %< a y1 " 2 Ps d" ; ut t=e $'ass a$t% <a%'s

A'' Ps =a!e C'a%- Aga% st a'' Rs• Ru'eo Ea$= -e-&e" < t=e g" u; -ust =a!e a $'a%- aga% st

e!e"y "es; de t &ac ville i PBili9 /orris ,7ollo ed<: Rod I vestme ts)

• C"%t%$%s-o ea!%'y $"%t%$%sed &y ,% e'ste% J %3ra: v o77ma ;La

RocBe ,%LRC a6rees itB i elstei )o A"gued %t =as e<<e$t < de<eat% g ;u"; se < s((Co Suggested t=at s ' g as e!e"y e =as a a$t% aga% st

s -e e e'se9 t=e se$t% s= u'd a;;'y 7as ' g as"eHu%"e-e ts -et)

o S%-%'a" Re'ated C%"$u-sta $esRu'e

• T=e claims a"e a'' % "es;e$t <9 " arise out o7 9 t=e same>similar or related circumsta ces ((C,1),<)

o Su&sta t%a' Issue < LaF " ,a$tRu'e

• T=e claims < a'' Ps 6ive rise to a su<sta tial issue o7 la or7act ((C,1),c)

Mu't%;'e Issues• 3=e"e -u't%;'e %ssues9 ust =a!e t s= F t=at e < t=e- %s

su&sta t%a' oB so Tiles v EssoPR CE&& C //ENCIN*

• T=% gs t=at d ?t A<<e$t RPo Re'%e< S ug=t d es NOT a<<e$t RP

RP $a &e $ --e $ed F=et=e" " t t=e "e'%e< s ug=t %s:• EHu%ta&'e &((C,$),a),i)• C s%sts < da-ages &((C,$),a),ii)• I $'udes $'a%-s < " da-ages t=at "eHu%"ed % d%!%dua' assess-e t

&((C,$),a),iii)o N te t=%s add"esses t=e Ma" t Ca" %e ;" &'e- RP $a

a;;'y < " ;" $eed% gs see % g da-ages t=at eed t &e% d%!%dua''y assessed

• T=e sa-e " d%<<e"e t < " ea$= ;e"s "e;"ese ted &((C,$),a),iv)

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o Se;a"ate ?s T"a sa$t% s A$ts O-%ss% s d es NOT a<<e$t RPRP $a &e $ --e $ed F=et=e" " t t=e ;" $eed% g:

• %s $ $e" ed F%t= se;a"ate s t"a sa$t% s &etFee R a d% d%!%dua' g" u; -e-&e"s &((C,$),<),i)

• % ! '!es se;a"ate a$ts -%ss% s < R % "e'at% t % d%!%dua'g" u; -e-&e"s &((C,$),<),ii)

• O"%g% at% g P" $esso 3"%t

/ust <e comme ced <: rit 7 t "%g% at% g - t% )s(( ,1)o E d "se-e t t=e 3"%t

E d "se-e t t=e F"%t -ust % $'ude: s(( ,$) CA• ,a) des$"%&e " t=e"F%se ide ti7: tBe 6rou9 mem<ers t

F= - t=e ;" $eed% g "e'atesK AND• ,<) s;e$%<y ature o7 tBe claims -ade &e=a'< < g" u;

-e-&e"s a d t=e relie7 claimed K AND• ,c) s;e$%<y t=e @uestio s o7 la or 7act commo to tBe

claims < t=e g" u; -e-&e"so Na-es a d Nu-&e"s % t=e G" u;

Not ecessar: t a-e t=e -e-&e"s " s;e$%<y t=e u-&e" < ;e ;'e% t=e g" u; s(( ,()

o Sta d% gA'' Ps -ust =a!e su77icie t sta di 6 t comme ce 9roceedi 6s otBeir o <eBal7 s((! CA

PTIN* "T O N TICE• O;t% g Out

o P '%$yP te t%a' RJC %ssues as %< P1 %s a -e-&e" < a g" u; % a ;" $eed% gt=at %s &" ug=t9 P1 %s & u d &y t=e de$%s% < t=at ;" $eed% g a d $aNOT "e ;e t=e $aseSyste- $ u'd e%t=e" &e ;t0% " ;t0 ut

• 9t;i 8 -e-&e"s < t=e "e;"ese tat%!e g" u; -ust e'e$t t %t=e g" u;

• 9t;out8 -e-&e"s & u d &y udg-e t u 'ess t=ey ;t0 ut7used % Aus)

o O;t0 ut Rules

Ru'e• G" u; -e-&e" -ay ;t ut < t=e "e;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% g &y6ivi 6 ritte otice s(( ,$)

C u"t t ,% O;t0Out Date• C u"t must Bave 7ixed a date <e7ore F=%$= a g" u; -e-&e"

ca o9t out s(( ,1)• E $e;t F%t= 'ea!e < t=e C u"t9 trial must ot comme ce

earlier tBa t=e o9t out date s(( ,4)• C u"t ca exte d tBe 9eriod t ;t ut s(( ,()

N t%$e• Notice must <e 6ive to 6rou9 mem<ers % "e'at% t :

s((?,1)o T=e comme ceme t o7 9roceedi 6o T=e ri6Bt o7 6rou9 mem<ers to o9t outo T=e o9t out date

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• Ca &e g%!e &y a y -ea s 7I.e. ad % t=e eFs;a;e")• Court sBould ot order 9erso al service 9 u 'ess sat%s<%ed

t=at %s "eas a&'y ;"a$t%$a&'e a d t u du'y e ;e s%!e s((2,4)

!I&C NTIN"ATI N PR CEE!IN*&• Ru'e

o C u"t $a "de" t=e ;" $eed% g d%s$ t% ue F=e"e:*rou9 um<er dro9s <elo . s((L CACosts < ide ti7:i 6 a d distri<uti 6 9roceeds F u'd &e excessives((/ CA :I terests o7 Gustice "eHu%"e %t &e$ause s((N CA

• ,a) $ sts F u'd e $eed $ sts < % d%!%dua' ;" $eed% gsK OR• ,<) "e'%e< $a &e &ta% ed &y -ea s < ;" $eed% g t=e" t=a

"e;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% gK OR• ,c) 3 ?t ;" !%de e<<%$%e t # e<<e$t%!e -ea s < dea'% g F%t=

$'a%-s < g" u; -e-&e"K OR• ,d) Ot=e"F%se % a;;" ;"%ate t=at $'a%-s &e ;u"sued &y -ea s <

a RP• D%s$"et% ReHu%"edo Ca t d%s$ t% ue "e;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% gs " sett'e u 'ess get a;;" !a'

<" - t=e C u"t s((%

C &T&• G" u; Me-&e"s a d C sts

o Ca &e "de"ed aga% st "e;"ese tat%!e ;a"ty 7P) " "es; de t 7D) &ut ota6ai st tBe 6rou9 mem<er s4(,1A)

,ede"a' C u"t A$t: s 4(,1A)

Su;"e-e C u"t A$t: s (( !

o Exce9tio 8 su&0g" u;s ss ((= F ((R Bat is tBis

C u"t $a $"eate a su&0g" u; F%t=% t=e RP %< t=e"e a"e s;e$%<%$ %ssuest &e %s 'ated F%t=% t=e g" u;

T=e $ u"t -ay e'e$t P1 to <e RP o7 tBe su<;6rou9

• I< $ u"t d es t=%s9 P1 %s '%a&'e < " $ sts ass $%ated F%t= t=e su&0g" u; % stead < t=e -a% P "e;"ese t% g t=e F= 'e $'ass

LEA!IN* CA&E• P=%''%; M ""%s ! N% 72///) ,,C

o actsRe;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% g $ --e $ed &e=a'< < a g" u; < ;e ;'eF= su<<e"ed a d%sease $aused &y s- % gPs $'a%-ed t =a!e &ee % du$ed t &eg% $ t% ue s- % g &y t=ea$t% s < e " - "e < t=e t="ee t &a$$ $ -;a %es t=ey a-es as"es; de ts

o Pro<lemC du$t < "es; de ts Fas t $ ''e$t%!e $ du$t

T="ee se;a"ate $ -;a %es a'' "u % g t=e%" F &us% esses9 ;" du$% gt=e%" F ads9 a'' =ad sa-e s "t < ;" du$t a d sa-e g a'Ea$= P s- ed d%<<e"e t &"a ds9 $=a ged &"a ds9 % du$ed t sta"t a d$ t% ue < " d%<<e"e t "eas s

• +ut a'' a;;'%$a ts d%d ?t =a!e $'a%- aga% st a'' R?s

@ | P a g e



o eldSa$ !%''e J: $f the individual claims of each mem&er of the representedgroup had to &e pleaded &y reference to specific dates and events therepresentative procedure might well &e rendered ineffective for thevery 7ind of group claim it is intended to facilitate .Ea$= g" u; -e-&e" -ust =a!e a $'a%- aga% st e!e"y "es; de t

SUPREME COURT >OPT OUT? PROCEEDINGS: SAME RULES APPL4

&A/E• Re'e!a t se$t% %s Part 4A &u9reme Court Act

o E a$t'y t=e sa-e se$t% s as ,CA9 &ut us% g t=e SCA• Ca-e % t ;e"at% % 2///• +ased Pa"t I A < t=e ,CA a's a ;t ut syste-

@5 | P a g e



@) SER ICEW AT I& IT

• Procedure <: BicB tBe P i 7orms tBe ! o7 tBe claim <ei 6 made a6ai sttBe !

C NTE?T• D%<<e"e t "u'es a;;'y < ":

o D%<<e"e t ty;es < Ds 7s;e$%a' ;a"ty: d%sa&'ed9 $ -;a y9 -% "9 g !9;a"t e"s=%;9 < "e%g )

o D%<<e"e t ty;es < a$t% so Se"!%$e uts%de t=e u"%sd%$t% 7 %$9 a t=e" state9 a t=e" $ u t"y)

E?A/• I t" S;e$%a' Pa"ty 3=at d $u-e t L $at% Pe"s a' O"d% a"y• Ty;e < Se"!%$e:

o Pe"s a' Se"!%$eo O"d% a"y Se"!%$eo Su&st%tuted Se"!%$e

• P" < < Se"!%$e• Se"!%$e Outs%de Ju"%sd%$t%• D?s O;t% s O $e Se"!ed

3ACH*R "N!•

Pu"; seo G%!e D t%$e < t=e $'a%- s t=ey a"e aFa"e < %t a d $a ta e "eas a&'e

ste;s t "es%st de<e d• E $e;t% t ReHu%"e-e t < Se"!%$e

o A;;'%$at% s -ade e ;a"te 7e.g. A t P%''e" "de")

&TARTIN* P INT %ER%IEW• 1) S;e$%a' Pa"ty

o Is t=e ;a"ty t &e se"!ed a s;e$%a' ;a"tyC "; "at%Pa"t e"s=%;M% "

a d%$a;;edG !e" -e t 7CFt= " %$)M t " e=%$'e I u"%es 7TAC)

• 2) Out < Ju"%sd%$t%o Is t=e ;a"ty t &e se"!ed F%t=% t=e u"%sd%$t%

3%t=% %$I a t=e" StateI a t=e" C u t"y

• 8) Pe"s a' Se"!%$eo

Pe"s a' se"!%$e %s 'y used F=e"e %t %s s;e$%<%$a''y "eHu%"ed: r+#013"%t TP t%$e r11#04,$)Su&; e a F%t ess r11#04,$)

@6 | P a g e



• ) O"d% a"y Se"!%$eo E!e"yt=% g e'seo E.g. % te"' $ut "y a;;'%$at% s

SPECIAL PARTIES

CORPORATIONS• Se"!%$e e<<e$ted &y 'ea!% g F%t= -ay " $=a%"-a ;"es%de t t=e" =ead <<%$e" t F

$'e" $'e" -a age" se$"eta"y t=e" s%-%'a" <<%$e" < t=e $ "; "at% +#04,a)• &10'? Cor9oratio s Act : Se"!%$e 7% $'ud% g < "%g% at% g ;" $ess) -ay &e

e<<e$ted &yo Lea!% g %t ; st% g %t t $ -;a y?s "eg%ste"ed <<%$e 10'?,a)o De'%!e"% g $ ;y t d%"e$t " F= "es%des % Aust"a'%a 10'?,<)o Lea!% g It ; st% g %t t add"ess %< '%Hu%dat "?s <<%$e10'?,c)o

Lea!% g It ; st% g %t t add"ess < ad-% %st"at " 10'?,d)

,OREIGN CORPORATIONS• Reg%ste"ed < "e%g $ -;a %es -ay &e se"!ed &y 'ea!% g " ; st% g t=e "%g% at% g

;" $ess t t=e add"ess < t=e ' $a' age t +01C? Cor9oratio s Act• l: a99lies i7 tBe local a6e t is i tBe curre t Gurisdictio

MINORS• Pe"s a' se"!%$e U1( %s e<<e$ted &y se"!% g a ;a"e t gua"d%a < t=e -% "9 a d %<

t=e"e %s e9 t=e ;e"s F= - t=e -% " "es%des " % F= se $a"e t=e -% "

%s+#04,<)

ANDICAPPED PERSONS• E<<e$ted &y servi 6 it o a liti6atio 6uardia 7%< t=e"e %s e)9 " F=e"e t=e"e %s

e9 t=e 9erso itB Bom tBe 9art: resides or Bose care s Be is i+#04,c)

COMMON3EALT GO ERNMENT• E<<e$ted &y se"!% g %t secretar: o7 tBe A*Ks de9artme t " Australia

*over me t &olicitor +#04,d)

ICTORIAN GO ERNMENT• E<<e$ted &y se"!% g %t t=e Australia *over me t &olicitor +#04,e)

PARTNERS IPS• 3=e"e $ or more 9erso s carr: o <usi ess as 9art ers % %$9 t=ey -ay &e

sued % <%"- a-e 1.#01,1)o A y ;e"s $a""y% g &us% ess F%t=% %$t "%a % a a-e " sty'e t=e" t=a

t=at ;e"s Ys F -ay &e sued % t=at a-e " sty'e as %< %t Fe"e t=e a-e <a <%"-9 a d Ru'es 1@./2 t 1@./* s=a'' a;;'y9 F%t= a y e$essa"y - d%<%$at% 9as %< t=at ;e"s Fe"e a ;a"t e" a d t=e a-e % F=%$= t=e ;e"s $a""%es &us% ess Fe"e t=e a-e < t=at ;e"s Ys <%"-. 1.#10

• ri6i ati 6 9rocess aga% st ;a"t e"s % t=e <%"- a-e u de" 1.#01 -ay &ese"!ed

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o A y e " - "e < t=e ;a"t e"s 1.#0(,1),a) " a y ;e"s at t=e ;"% $%;a';'a$e < &us% ess % %$t "%a F= a;;ea"s t =a!e $ t" ' " -a age-e t <t=e ;a"t e"s=%; &us% ess 1.#0(,1),<)

o 3=et=e" " t a y ;a"t e" %s ut < %$t "%a 1.#0(,$)

MOTOR E ICLE INJURIES

• , " ;e"s a' % u"y " deat= a"%s% g ut < a - t " !e=%$'e a$$%de t9 t=e "%g% at% g;" $ess -ust &e se"!ed t=e de<e da t a d t=e TAC +#05

PERSONAL SER ICE

W AT I& IT• A s9eci7ic t:9e o7 service tBat is re@uired i certai circumsta ces

C NTE?T• L < ":

o 3"%to TP N t%$eo Su&; e a 3%t ess

W IC ! C"/ENT&• Ru'e

o O 'y t=e d $u-e ts t=at a"e "eHu%"ed ;e"-%tted t &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y9eed &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y i cludi 68 +#01

O"%g% at% g ;" $ess -ust &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y +#0$,1) T=%"d Pa"ty N t%$e -ust &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y 11#04,$)Su&; e a a F%t ess -ust &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y 4$#05

o Ot=e" D $u-e ts N t ReHu%"% g Pe"s a' Se"!%$e 4 u $a se"!e t=e" d $u-e ts ;e"s a''y &ut F%'' t "et"%e!e $ stsF=e"e u e$essa"%'y % $u""ed

• O"%g% at% g P" $esso O"%g% at% g ;" $ess -ust &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y9 ea$= D9 e $e;t F=e"e

;" !%ded +#0$,1)C ;y s=a'' &e sea'ed % a$$ "da $e F%t= 5#11 +#0(,$)N t e$essa"y t s= F a "%g% a' d $u-e t9 % "de" t e<<e$t ;e"s a'se"!%$e +#0(,4)

o A "%g% at% g ;" $ess -ust &e se"!ed F%t=% 12 - t=s < %ssue u 'esse te ded &y $ u"t "de"9 t=e"F%se %t &e$ -es sta'e 5#1$

W T E ECT PER& NAL &ER%ICE• ,%"st Atte-;t at Pe"s a' Se"!%$e

o E<<e$ted &y leavi 6 a sealed co9: o7 tBe docume t itB tBe 9erso t

&e se"!ed +#0(,1),a)• Se$ d Atte-;t 7I< ;e"s d es NOT a$$e;t <%"st atte-;t)

o I< ;e"s d es ?t a$$e;t9 9ut co9: do i 9erso Ks 9rese ce F telli 6tBem ature < d $ +#0(,1),<)

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T=%s t%$e %s t g%!e y u Fa" % g < t=at <a$t. I % te d t ;us= t=et%$e u de" t=e d " < " y uW *ra c: v *ra c: ,did ot sa: it

as a rit> <ut did sa: tBe ature o7 tBe docume t> BicB asBeld to <e valid service)

o Must E su"e t=e Pe"s t &e Se"!ed get N t%$e>E su"e "%g% at% g ;" $ess % < "- < a d $u-e t F%'' $ -e t t=e

t%$e < ;e"s a-ed as a ;a"ty s t=at a y 'ate" de<au't %de<e d% g D?s ; s%t% %s <a%"'y t &e att"%&uted t a de$%s% < t=at;e"s ? Hir<: AC i Ai s ortB v Redd

• A'te" at%!es t Pe"s a' Se"!%$eo S '%$%t " Ma es N tes

3=e"e solicitor> itB autBorit:> ma es otes o tBe co9: o7 tBedocume t tBat docume t is acce9ted &e=a'< < D9 se"!%$e F%' l<e ta e to Bave <ee served o ! o tBe da: solicitor madetBe ote +#0',$)A;;'%es "ega"d'ess F=et=e" d $u-e t "eHu%"ed t &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y

" t +#0',1)o C -es t t=e N t%$e < t=e Pe"s t &e Se"!ed

3=e"e9 < " a y "eas 9 a d $u-e t Bas Kt <ee served i ma erre@uired <: Rules <ut Bas come to tBe otice o7 tBe 9erso t&e se"!ed9 d $u-e t s=a'' &e ta e t =a!e &ee se"!ed t=e day itcame to tBe 9erso Ks otice +#11

o Ag"ee-e t t Se"!%$e3=e"e t=e"e %s a a6reeme t to service 9 se"!%$e % a$$ "da $e F%t=t=e ag"ee-e t F%'' su<<%$e +#14

LEA!IN* CA&E&• A% sF "t= ! Redd 71**/)

o acts8D Fas a A-e"%$a F= Fas &e% g sued < " de<a-at%D Fas % Aust"a'%a < " ;u"; se < &ta% % g a ; e" -a$=% e '%$e seP" $ess se"!e" =e'd ut F"%t a d sa%d >t=ese d $u-e ts a"e < " y u?D a;;ea"ed t ' at t=e d $u-e ts9 &ut d%d t ta e t=e-D?s A-e"%$a 'aFye" t %t9 t=% % g %t =ad s -et=% g t d F%t= t=e; e" -a$=% e '%$e se

o Issue

ad ;e"s a' se"!%$e &ee e<<e$tedo eld ,Hir<: AC )8

Se"!%$e %s !a'%d u de" 7a) &ut t 7&)7"e 6./871)7a)) >t=e 'aF ;"esu-es t=at t=e ;e"s F%'' &e$ -e aFa"e

< t=e d $u-e t. Se'<0% te"est -ay t=e &e "e'%ed u; t e su"e t=ata a;;ea"a $e %s e te"ed a d a de<e $e - u ted9 %< t=at %s des%"ed.?7"e 6./871)7&)) >t=e ;e"s -ay Fa' aFay "e<us% g t ;%$ u; t=ed $u-e t F=%$= %s set d F % t=at ;e"s ?s ;"ese $e. I t= se$%"$u-sta $es9 t <% t=e ;e"s F%t= a'' < t=e $ seHue $es t=at -ay< '' F9 t=e 'aF u de"sta da&'y "eHu%"es t=at t=e atu"e < t=ed $u-e tW s= u'd &e des$"%&ed.?

T $ $'ude t=at t=e se"!%$e Fas % !a'%d F u'd <"ust"ate ;u"; se < "u'eRe'e!a t & e$t %s t e su"e t=at "%g% at% g ;" $ess % < "- < ad $u-e t F%'' $ -e t t=e t%$e < ;e"s a-ed as a ;a"ty s t=ata y 'ate" de<au't % de<e d% g t=e D?s ; s%t% %s <a%"'y t &e att"%&utedt a de$%s% < t=at ;e"s .

@* | P a g e



ORDINAR4 SER ICE

W AT I& IT• A s9eci7ic t:9e o7 service tBat is used Be 9erso al service is N T

re@uired

C NTE?T• L < ":

o Ge e"a''y used < " 'ate" ;" $eed% gs 7 t % %t%at% g)o M st t=% gs e $e;t OPs

R!INAR2 &ER%ICE• Ru'e

o 3=e"e 9erso al service is ot re@uired 9 d $u-e ts -ay &e se"!ed &y:

Lea!% g at Add"ess• Leavi 6 docume t at 9ro9er address < t=e ;e"s t &e

se"!ed +#0.,1),a)P st% g

• Posti 6 tBe docume t t t=e ;e"s t &e se"!ed at tBe9ro9er address K+#0.,1),<)

C -;a y I A$$ "da $e F%t= A$t• 3=e"e ;" !%s% s a"e -ade &y u de" a y A$t < " se"!%$e < a

d $u-e t a cor9oratio 9 servi 6 i accorda ce F%t= t=at9rovisio +#0.,1),c)

D• 3=e"e a s '%$%t " =as <a$%'%t%es < " t=e "e$e;t% < d $u-e ts at

a docume t excBa 6e 7D ) &y 'ea!% g t=e d $u-e t % t=atD +#0.,1),d)

,a• 3=e"e t=e s '%$%t " =as <a <a$%'%t%es9 se di 6 it <: 7ax .+#0.,1)

,e)• P" ;e" Add"ess < " Se"!%$e

o P" ;e" Add"ess

3=e"e a 9erso to <e served Bas o address 7or service 9 t=e t=e;" ;e" add"ess %s:

• I d%!%dua'o A % d%!%dua'?s usua' " 'ast F ;'a$e < "es%de $e "

&us% ess +#0.,$),a)• I d%!%dua' &e% g Sued % ,%"-s Na-e

o P"% $%;a' " 'ast F ;'a$e < &us% ess < a <%"- +#0.,$),<)

• C "; "at%o T=e "eg%ste"ed " ;"% $%;a' <<%$e < t=e $ "; "at%

+#0.,$),c)o N Add"ess

(/ | P a g e



3=e"e a 9art: is i de7ault o7 a99eara ce 9 " =as add"ess < "se"!%$e9 t=e <%'% g < t=e d $u-e t s=a'' =a!e t=e e<<e$t as se"!%$e <t=e d $u-e t t=at ;e"s R+#1$,1)

&"3&TIT"TE! &ER%ICE

W AT I& IT• WBere 9erso al ordi ar: service is im9ractical> tBe court ca allo ste9s

<e ta e to <ri 6 tBe docume ts to tBe otice o7 tBe 9erso to <e served

C NTE?T• Used F=e"e ;e"s a' "d% a"y se"!%$e %s %-;"a$t%$a'

o E te s%!e e<< "ts t se"!e ;e"s a''yo C st ge g"a;=y t%-e <a$t "s

&"3&TIT"TE! &ER%ICE• Ru'e

o 3=e"e %t %s im9ractical to serve u de" t=e Ru'es9 t=e C u"t -ay "de" t=atste;s &e ta e as t=e C u"t s;e$%<%es < " t=e 9ur9ose o7 <ri 6i 6 tBedocume t to tBe otice o7 tBe 9erso to <e served R+#10,1) &CR

• 3=e"e Pe"s t &e Se"!ed %s Outs%de %$o Su&st%tuted se"!%$e $a &e -ade tF%t=sta d% g t=at t=e ;e"s t &e

se"!ed %s ut < %$t "%a " Fas ut < %$t "%a at t=e $ --e $e-e t <;" $eed% gs R+#10,() &CR

• 3=e F%'' a O"de" < " SS &e Madeo A "de" < " su<stituted service sBould ot <e made u less %t a;;ea"s:

A) T=at t=e"e e %sts a 9ractical im9ossi<ilit: o7 actual service K• P -ust s= F e te s%!e e<< "ts Fe"e -ade t e<<e$t ;e"s a'

se"!%$e /u arra v iscBer• Me"e'y $ st a d ge g"a;=%$ s;"ead < Ds F%'' t &e e ug=K

= Fe!e"9 %< t=e"e %s a t%-e '%-%t9 t=at -%g=t -a e a$tua' se"!%$e%-; ss%&'e Amos Removals F &tora6e v &mall

+) T=at t=e metBod o7 su<stituted service as ed < " %s e F=%$=F%'' % a'' "eas a&'e ;" &a&%'%ty9 %< t $e"ta% ty9 &e e77ective to <ri 6

o led6e o7 tBe rit to ! K a dC) +ut < " ;"a$t%$a' d%<<%$u't%es9 ;e"s a' se"!%$e %s 'ega''y ;e"-%ss%&'e

• Met= ds < SSo C"%te"%a

Is t=e"e a "eas a&'e &e'%e< t=at t=e -et= d F%'' &"% g t=e ;" $eed% gst t=e F'edge < D

o , "-P st9 eFs;a;e" t%$e9 se"!e a $' se <"%e d < D9 <a$e&

• P" $ess < See % g SS

o @ parte a;;'%$at% su;; "ted &y a<<%da!%t ust%<y% g t=e a;;'%$at% % $'ud% g:Deta%'s < atte-;ts t=at =a!e &ee -ade t se"!eK AND

T=e ;" ; sed -et= d < su&st%tuted se"!%$e

(1 | P a g e



o I< SS "de"ed9 se"!%$e usua''y dee-ed t &e e<<e$ted a<te" t=e e ;%"at% < as;e$%<%ed ;e"% d a<te" $ -;'%a $e

LEA!IN* CA&E• A- s Re- !a's # St "age ! S-a'' 71*(1)

o acts8

P s ug=t a % u $t% aga% st 1* D?s F= Fe"e $ --%ttee -e-&e"s <a u %P sa%d ;e"s a' se"!%$e %-;"a$t%$a&'e &e$ause:

• C st < e<<e$t% g se"!%$e 1* Ds 7 t !e"'y "e'e!a t)K• Ge g"a;=%$a' s;"ead < de<s 7d%d ?t $a""y -u$= Fe%g=t)K• S= "t ;e"% d < t%-e F%t=% F=%$= se"!%$e =ad t &e e<<e$ted

7-ade ;e"s a' se"!%$e %-;"a$t%$a')o eld8

Lea!e g"a ted t e<<e$t su&st%tuted se"!%$e a s '%$%t " a$t% g < " D?s% t=e" ;" $eed% gs

PROO, O, SER ICE

W AT I& IT• Proo7 tBat ! Bas <ee served i tBe 7orm o7 a A &

C NTE?T• Used F=e"e:

o D <a%'s t ;ut % a a;;ea"a $eK ORo D a"gues se"!%$e d%d NOT $$u"

A I!A%IT &ER%ICE• C te t < t=e AOS

o A a<<%da!%t < ;e"s a' se"!%$e -ust state: R+#1.,1) &CR7a) <: Bom t=e d $u-e t Fas se"!edK7&) t=e Bour < t=e day9 t=e da: o7 tBe ee a d t=e date F=%$= %tFas se"!edK

7$) t=e 9lace < se"!%$eK a d7d) t=e Fay t=e ;e"s se"!ed Fas ide ti7ied• P" $ess

o AOS %s $ -;'eted a d s%g ed &y t=e ;e"s F= se"!ed9 %--ed%ate'y a<te"se"!%$e ta es ;'a$e R+#1.,1) &CR

o Must e =%&%t a sea'ed $ ;y < t=e "%g% at% g ;" $ess R+#1.,() &CR T=%s -ea s y u s= F t=e sea'ed $ ;y < t=e OP F=e <%'% g t=e AOS

• P st% go Se"!%$e %s dee-ed t &e e<<e$ted F=e t=e ;" $ess F u'd =a!e &ee

de'%!e"ed u 'ess ;" !ed t t=e $ t"a"yo Pe" R+#0.,5) &CR : , " ; st dee-ed F " % g days a<te" ; sted9 " % t=e

"d% a"y $ u"se

(2 | P a g e



&ER%ICE "T T E "RI&!ICTI N

W AT I& IT• &ervi 6 someo e Bo is ot i %ictoria

"T&I!E %IC> 3"T WIT IN A"&• I t" C"a;

o Te""%t "%es a"e T"eated as States Te""%t "%es a"e "ega"ded as states < " t=e ;u"; se < t=e A$t s5 &ervicea d Executio o7 Process Act 1''$ ,CtB) ,&EPA)

o C" ss est% g 7Re-e-&e" ) T=e $ u"t -ay "de" a stay % ;" $eed% gs %< t=e"e %s a - "ea;;" ;"%ate $ u"t t dete"-% e t=e -atte" s$0,4) &EPA

• I d%!%dua'so Ru'e

A ori6i ati 6 9rocess issued i a state territor: ca <e served

i a otBer state territor: F%t= ut t=e 'ea!e < t=e C u"t s15,1)&EPAo E<<e$t

&ervice Bas tBe same e77ect 9 a d -ay g%!e "%se t t=e sa-e;" $eed% gs9 as %< %t =ad <ee served i tBe 9lace o7 issue s1$&EPA

o 3=%$= States Ru'es A;;'y T=e state % F=%$= ;" $eed% gs Fe"e %ssuedSe"!%$e a % d%!%dua' %se77ected tBe same a: as service i tBestate Bere 9roceedi 6s ere issued s15,$) &EPA

• C -;a yo

Se"!%$e %s e<<e$ted &y 'ea!% g %t at " &y se d% g %t &y ; st t t=e $ -;a y?s"eg%ste"ed <<%$e as ;e" t=e "u'es a& !e9 "ega"d'ess < F=at state t=e <<%$e %s% s15,() &EPA ,re7erri 6 to &' &EPA)

o +us% ess P"ese $e % %$I< C =as +P % %$9 use "6./ a a& !e a d s1/ SEPA 7"e<e""ed t %s157 ))

"T&I!E A"&• Ru'e

o O"%g% at% g ;" $ess -ay &e se"!ed ut < Aust"a'%a F%t= ut 'ea!e < t=e C u"tF=e"e e < t=e e us "eHu%"e-e ts a"e -et R.#01,1) &CR

o

OP -ust % $'ude e d "se-e t % d%$at% g F=%$= e us <a$t " %s -et s t=at D$a "es; d• Ne us ReHu%"e-e ts

o ,a) t=e F= 'e su& e$t -atte" < t=e ;" $eed% g %s la d situated itBi%ictoria 7F%t= " F%t= ut "e ts " ;" <%ts) " t=e ;e";etuat% < test%- y"e'at% g t 'a d s s%tuateK

o ,<) a y act> deed> ill> co tract> o<li6atio or lia<ilit: a77ecti 6 la dsituated itBi %ictoria %s s ug=t t &e $ st"ued9 "e$t%<%ed9 set as%de "e < "$ed % t=e ;" $eed% gK

o ,c) a y relie7 is sou6Bt a6ai st a 9erso domiciled or ordi aril:reside t itBi %ictoria K

o ,d) t=e ;" $eed% g %s < " t=e admi istratio o7 tBe estate o7 a 9ersoBo died d -%$%'ed F%t=% %$t "%a " %s < " a y "e'%e< " "e-edy F=%$= -%g=t

&e &ta% ed % a y su$= ;" $eed% gKo ,e) t=e ;" $eed% g %s < " t=e executio > as to 9ro9ert: situate itBi

%ictoria> o7 tBe trusts o7 a ritte i strume t < F=%$= t=e ;e"s t &e

(8 | P a g e



se"!ed %s a t"ustee a d F=%$= ug=t t &e e e$uted a$$ "d% g t t=e 'aF <%$t "%aK

o ,7) 9roceedi 6 <rou6Bt to e 7orce 9 "es$% d9 d%ss '!e9 "e$t%<y9 a u' "t=e"F%se a<<e$t a 9 " "e$ !e" da-ages " t=e" "e'%e< i res9ect o7

<reacB o7 H 9 a d ,i) Fas -ade itBi %$t "%aK,ii) Fas -ade tBrou6B a a6e t carr:i 6 <usi ess F%t=% %$t "%aK,iii) %s6over ed <: tBe la o7 %ictoria

o ,6) ;" $eed% g &" ug=t % res9ect o7 a <reacB committed itBi %ictoriao7 a H

o ,B) ;" $eeded %s < u ded a H BicB tBe 9arties a6reed tBat tBe Courts= u'd =a!e u"%sd%$t%

o ,i) ;" $eed% g 7ou ded o a tort committed % %$t "%ao ,G) t=e ;" $eed% g %s &" ug=t % res9ect o7 dama6e su77ered Boll: or

9art: i %ictoria a d $aused &y a t "t% us a$t " -%ss% F=e"e!e"$$u""% g

o , ) i Gu ctio s ug=t "de"% g D t d " "e<"a% <" - d % g a yt=% g F%t=%%$t "%a

o ,l) ;" $eed% g %s ;" ;e"'y &" ug=t a6ai st a 9erso dul: served a da otBer 9erso is a ecessar: " ;" ;e" ;a"t < ;" $eed% gs E4o ,m) ;" $eed% g e%t=e" &" ug=t &y a mort6a6ee see i 6 sale o7 9ro9erl:

or mort6a6or see % g "ede-;t% 9 &ut d es t see a y ;e"s a' udg-e t" "de" < " ;ay-e t < a y - eys due u de" t=e - "tgage

o , ) ;" $eed% g &" ug=t u de" t=e Civil Aviatio ,CarriersK Lia<ilit:) Act1'5' ,CtB)

• Se"!%$e ReHu%"e-e tso Need NOT &e Pe"s a''y Se"!ed

Ca &e se"!ed:• Pe"s a''y a$$ "d% g t t=e 'aF % %$

OR• I a$$ "da $e F%t= t=e 'aF < t=e $ u t"y % F=%$= %t %s se"!edR.#0( &CR

o N A;;ea"a $e3=e"e a99eara ce %s <%'ed9 P -ay &e a'' Fed t ;" $eed %< t=ey=a!e $ -;'%ed F%t= R@./1 R.#04 &CR

o C !e t%Se"!%$e -ay &e a<<e$ted % a < "e%g $ u t"y ;u"sua t t a C !e t%R.#0';.#15 &CR

• Sett% g As%de Se"!%$e Outs%de Auso D -ay a;;'y t =a!e t=e C u"t 7;e" R-#0' &CR ) set as%de se"!%$e < t=e F"%tK

" stay t=e ;" $eed% gs t=e g" u d t=at R.#05,$) &CR,a) Se"!%$e Fas t aut= "%sed &y t=e Ru'esK OR,<) %$t "%a %s t a $ !e %e t < "u- 7' at ,NC)

( | P a g e



() APPEARANCEW AT I& IT

• Procedure <: BicB ! i 7orms P tBat Be i te ds to de7e d tBe 9roceedi 6so I7 ! does ot isB to de7e d> Be does ot ma e a a99eara ce a d

de7ault Gud6me t ma: <e e tered a6ai st Bim

C NTE?T• D?s "es; se t &e% g se"!ed F%t= a OP

E?A/ &TR"CT"RE• I t" C"a;• D?s O;t% s t Res; d t Se"!%$e

INTR !"CTI N T APPEARANCE

APPEARANCE• 3=at %s %t

o P" $edu"e used t % < "- P t=at D % te ds t de<e d ;" $eed% gso I< D d es t e te" a a;;ea"a $e9 a de<au't udg-e t -ay &e e te"ed

aga% st =%- $1#0$• Pu"; se

o I < "-s P'a% t%<< t=at t=e a$t% F%'' &e de<e ded

o G%!es a-e < t=e De<e da t?s s '%$%t "so P" !%des add"ess F=e"e se"!%$e $a &e e<<e$ted t=e de<e da t

W /A2 ENTER AN APPEARANCE• De<e da t

o Ma: 7ile a a99eara ce i 9erso or tBrou6B !Ks solicitor -#0(• Pe ;'e u de" d%sa&%'%ty

o L%t%gat% gua"d%a $a e te" D?s a;;ea"a $e 15#0$,1)• C "; "at%

o May <e 7iled <: a : 9erso dul: autBorised -#0(,$)• Pa"t e" sued % <%"- a-e

o OF Na-ePa"t e" -ust a;;ea" % d%!%dua''y " % =%s =e" F a-e 1.#04

o Se"!ed as Ma age"Pe"s se"!ed F%t= "%g% at% g ;" $ess as ;e"s =a!% g$ t" ' -a age-e t9 -ay t <%'e a a;;ea"a $e u 'ess t=at ;e"s %sa ;a"t e" 1.#05

o Se"!ed as Pa"t e"Pe"s se"!ed as ;a"t e"9 -ay <%'e a;;ea"a $e stat% g t=ey 7ile as a

9erso served as a 9art er 1.#0+,1),a)• T=%"dParties

o Must a's e te" a;;ea"a $es F%t=% t=e t%-e '%-%ted < " a;;ea"a $e 11#0-,1),a) " F%t=% su$= <u"t=e" t%-e as C u"t -ay a'' F 11#0-,1),<)

(5 | P a g e



• Pe"s s Added &u<stitutedo Must a's e te" a a;;ea"a $e '#11

PR CE&&• C te ts

o Must $ ta% a-e a d add"ess " $ ta$t deta%'s < ;e"s e te"% g a

a;;ea"a $e -#0+• , "-9 ,%'e a d Se"!e

o S= u'd used , "- (A " (+ 7iled i tBe court re6istr: a d served o tBeP

• D $a NOT A$t U t%' ,%'ed A;;ea"a $eo D s=a'' t ta e a y ste;s % ;" $eed% gs u 'ess D =as <%'ed a a;;ea"a $e

-#0$

TI/E R APPEARANCE• Ru'e

o I< D d es t e te" a a;;ea"a $e % t=e t%-e ;e"% d9 de<au't udg-e t -ay&e e te"ed -#04

T=e t%-e ;e"% d -ust &e -e t% ed % t=e OP se"!ed &y Po D $a e te" a a;;ea"a $e 'ate as ' g as de<au't udg-e t =as t &ee

e te"ed -#0.,1)• T%-e Pe"% ds

o Se"!ed % ICNot less tBa 10 da:s a<te" se"!%$e -#04,a)

o Se"!ed ut < %$t "%a &ut % Aust"a'%a

$1 da:s a7ter se"!%$e -#04,<)o Se"!ed % NB9 PNG

Not less tBa $- da:s a<te" se"!%$e -#04,c)o Se"!ed A yF=e"e E'se

Not less tBa 4$ da:s a<te" se"!%$e -#04,d)

!E EN!ANTK& PTI N& A TER 3EIN* &ER%E!

( PTI N&• D =as 8 ;t% s a<te" &e% g se"!ed F%t= a OP

o 1) D N t=% gDe<au't udg-e t -ay < '' F

o 2) E te" A U $ d%t% a' A;;ea"a $eI d%$ates t=at t=e a$t% %s t &e de<e dedMust ;" !%de a add"ess < " <utu"e d $u-e ts t &e se t t3a%!es a y %""egu'a"%t%es a d su&-%ts t t=e u"%sd%$t%

o 8) E te" A C d%t% a' A;;ea"a $eI d%$ates t=e a$t% %s t &e de<e dedO& e$ts t t=e $ u"t?s u"%sd%$t%

(6 | P a g e



DO NOT ING

! ! E& N T IN*• N A;;ea"a $e

o I< D d es t e te" a a;;ea"a $e9 a de<au't udg-e t -ay &e e te"edaga% st =%- $1#0$

UNCONDITIONAL APPEARANCE

ENTER& AN "NC N!ITI NAL APPEARANCE• , "-

o Must &e set ut % orm -A -#05,1)o P" t= ta"y s=a'' sea' a su<<%$%e t u-&e" < $ ;%es < " se"!%$e -#05,$)

• I d%$ates t=at:o

D F%'' de<e d t=e ;" $eed% go D S u<mits to tBe Gurisdictio o7 tBe Court

• 3a%!es D A&%'%ty t <Gect to8o C u"t?s u"%sd%$t%

I#e# " a<le to claim NCo I""egu'a"%t%es % P

I#e# " a<le to o<Gect to rit ot <ei 6 com9leted 9ro9erl:o I""egu'a"%t%es % Service

I.e. U a&'e t $'a%- F"%t Fas se"!ed % $ ""e$t'ySta'e F"%t F%'' &e -ade g d &y a u $ d%t% a' a;;ea"a $e &Beldov 3ro 3a:le:Ks &teel Wor s

CONDITIONAL APPEARANCE

W AT I& IT• ! sBo s i te tio to de7e d <ut also o<Gects to a irre6ularit:

C NTE?T• I""egu'a"%ty % se"!%$e

o Se"!%$e % te"state t $ -;'y% g F%t= SEPAo ,a%'ed t se"!e ;e"s a''y F=e "eHu%"edo Et$

• D %s a < "e%g =ead < state F= $'a%-s %--u %ty• I""egu'a"%ty % Ju"%sd%$t%

o D $'a%-s ,NC• I""egu'a"%ty % OP

o 3"%t % a % $ ""e$t < "-

ENTER& A C N!ITI NAL APPEARANCE• , "-

o Must &e set ut % orm -3 -#0-,$)

(@ | P a g e



o P" t= ta"y s=a'' sea' a su<<%$%e t u-&e" < $ ;%es < " se"!%$e -#05,$)• E<<e$t

o P"ese"!es Ds "%g=t t & e$t t ;" $edu"a' %""egu'a"%t%es " u"%sd%$t%• C u"t?s De$%s%

o Ru'eC u"t F%'' -a e a % te"%- de$%s% Ds & e$t% s

o N I""egu'a"%t%esI< $ u"t <% d %""egu'a"%t%es9 $ d%t% a' a;;ea"a $e %s t"eated as au $ d%t% a' a;;ea"a $e -#0-,()

o I""egu'a"%t%esI< t=e $ u"t <% ds a %""egu'a"%ty9 %t $a 8

• &et aside rit or ori6i ati 6 motio -#0',a) K OR• /a e a order u der r4+#0- t &ta% de<au't udg-e t

Bere tBe 9erso did ot receive otice or atte d-#0',<) K OR

•

&ta: tBe 9roceedi 6 -#0',c)

(( | P a g e



') PLEA!IN*&

W AT I& IT• ormal ritte docume ts excBa 6ed <et ee 9arties setti 6 out material

7acts le6al claims tBat tBe 9arties ill ma e at tBe Beari 6• !ra7ted <road to e a<le 9arties to 9reserve o9tio s 7or trial

o

3ut do re@uire a de6ree o7 accurac:

C NTE?T• 3%'' &e g%!e a d $u-e t a d as ed F=et=e" %t $ -;'%es F%t= "eHu%"e-e ts

o ,%"st ' at ge e"a' "eHu%"e-e ts F=%$= a;;'y t a'' ;'ead% gso T=e ' at "eHu%"e-e ts s;e$%<%$ t ea$= ty;e < ;'ead% g

• D $u-e ts t=at $ st%tute ;'ead% gs % $'ude:o 3"%t F%t= s;e$%a' % d "se-e to State-e t < $'a%-o De<e $eo G"a d-a?s "e$%;e < " >s;e$%a'? &" F %eso Re;'yo C u te"$'a%-o De<e $e t $ u te"$'a%-o Su&seHue t ;'ead% gs: "e % de"9 su""e % de"9 "e&utte"9 su""e&utte"

E?A/ &TR"CT"RE• I t" C"a;• P" $edu"e• , "-a' ReHu%"e-e ts X C te t• Pa"t%$u'a"s• D $u-e ts

o S Co De<e $eo Re;'y

• C=a''e ges a d O& e$t% s• A-e d-e ts

INTR CRAP

E2 PLEA!IN*&> W ARE 2A• Pu"; se < P'ead% gs

o I < "-s $ u"t < -atte" F=%$= de$%s% %s s ug=to De<% es %ssues s ;a"t%es F F=at %s % $ te t%o De<% es %ssues t '%-%t t=e s$ ;e < d%s$ !e"yo Pa"t%es F F=%$= e!%de $e t &"% g at t"%a'o A! %d ;a"t%es &e% g ta e &y su";"%se 7t=us a! %ds add%t% a' su";"%se $ sts)

• Deta%'o Must &e -ade F%t= >su<<%$%e t ;a"t%$u'a"%ty t e a&'e a y e!e tua' t"%a' t &e

$ du$ted <a%"'y t a'' ;a"t%es? 3o 6ior o i *u s

(* | P a g e



PR CE!"RE

TI/IN* O PR CE!"RE• I L% e C=eese

o S CP =as 8/ days <" - t=e date t=at D <%'ed a;;ea"a $e t <%'e &oC 14#0$

o De<e $e 7XCC %< used)! =as 8/ days a<te" P se"!ed S C t <%'e !e7e ce 14#0$I< D cou terclaims 9 -ust ;ut % sa-e d $u-e t as de<e $e 7 De<e $ea d C u te"$'a%-W)

o De<e $e t C u te"$'a%-P -ust <%'e a d se"!e !e7e ce to Cou terclaim F%t=% 8/ days 14#0.

o Re;'yA y Re9l: % "es; se t De<e $e De<e $e a d C u te"$'a%- -ust &e<%'ed a d se"!ed &y P F%t=% 8/ days 14#05

o C' s% g P'ead% gsA<te" 8/ days < se"!%$e < t=e 'ast ;'ead% g9 ;'ead% gs a"e $' sed14#0-

R/AL RE="IRE/ENT& AN! C NTENT

R/ALIT2 RE="IRE/ENT&•

, "-a'%tyo Des$"%;t%

Must % $'ude t=e des$"%;t% < t=e ;'ead% g 1(#01,1),a)o Date

Must % $'ude t=e date F=%$= %t %s se"!ed 1(#01,1),<)• , "-at

o Pa"ag"a;=sMust &e d%!%ded % t $ se$ut%!e'y u-&e"ed ;a"ag"a;=s 1(#01,$)Ea$= a''egat% -ust &e % a se;a"ate ;a"ag"a;= 1(#01,$)

o S%g edEa$= ;'ead% g -ust &e s%g ed &y &a""%ste" " s '%$%t " F= d"a<ted %t1(#01,()

• T=e s%g atu"e %s t a at= " a<<%"-at%o Dates9 A- u ts9 ,%gu"es

A'' dates9 a- u ts a d <%gu"es s=a'' &e % u-&e"s9 t F "ds $.#04

C NTENT RE="IRE/ENT&• C te t

o

Mate"%a' ,a$tsRu'e

• Must $ ta% a su--a"y state-e t < a'' -ate"%a' <a$ts F=%$=t=e ;a"ty "e'%es 1(#0$,1),a)

*/ | P a g e



>Mate"%a' ,a$ts?• T=%s % $'udes ALL <a$ts e$essa"y t ;" !e t=e $ause <

a$t% de<e $e• D es NOT "eHu%"e e!%de $e &y F=%$= t=e <a$ts a"e t &e ;" !ed

D $u-e t " C !e"sat%• Must ;'ead t=e e<<e$t < a d $ $ !9 &ut d Yt eed ;"e$%se

F "ds %< t=ey a"e t -ate"%a' 1(#0(• I< t=e"e %s $ t" !e"sy % "e'at% t t=e $ st"u$t% < a

d $u-e t9 t=e -ate"%a' F "ds a''eged s= u'd &e set ut % t=e;'ead% gs % <u''

,a$ts P"esu-ed T"ue• D NOT eed t ;'ead a <a$t %< %t %s ;"esu-ed &y 'aF t &e t"ue

1(#04+u"de Ot=e" Pa"ty

• D NOT eed t ;'ead a <a$t %< t=e &u"de t ;" !e %t %s t=e

t=e" ;a"ty 1(#04• I< t=e t=e" ;a"ty de %es t=%s <a$t9 t=e y u d eed t ;'ead %t1(#04

o S;e$%<y P" !%s% < A$t3=e"e t=e $'a%- de<e $e a"%ses u de" a A$t9 t=e s;e$%<%$ ;" !%s%"e'%ed -ust &e -e t% ed 1(#0$,1),<)

o Re'%e< " Re-edy C'a%-edMust s;e$%<%$a''y state a y "e'%e< " "e-edy $'a%-ed 1(#0$,1),c)

PARTIC"LAR&

R/AILITIE& IN PARTIC"LAR&• Ne$essa"y Pa"t%$u'a"s

o Ru'eE!e"y ;'ead% g s=a'' $ ta% t=e e$essa"y ;a"t%$u'a"s < a y<a$t -atte" ;'eaded 1(#10,1)

o 3=%$= Pa"t%$u'a"s a"e >Ne$essa"y?Must &e % $'uded %< t=ey a"e e$essa"y t :

• e a&'e t=e ;; s%te ;a"ty t ;'eadK 1(#10,$),a)• de<% e t=e Huest% s < " t"%a'K " 1(#10,$),<)• t a! %d su";"%se at t"%a' ' 1(#10,$),c)

• A''egat% so Ru'e

P'ead% gs -ust $ ta% t=e ;a"t%$u'a"s < a y a''eged:• M%s"e;"ese tat% 9 <"aud9 &"ea$= < t"ust9 F%'<u' de<au't " u due

% <'ue $eK1(#10,(),a)OR

• D%s "de" " d%sa&%'%ty < t=e -% d9 -a'%$e9 <"audu'e t % te t% "t=e" $ d%t% < t=e -% d9 % $'ud% g F'edge " t%$e

1(#10,(),<)• Pa"ty C'a%-% g Da-ages < " + d%'y I u"y

*1 | P a g e



o Ru'eP'ead% gs < ;a"ty $'a%-% g da-ages < " & d%'y % u"y -ust state:

• Dates # a- u ts9 < ea" % gs ' st % $ seHue $e < % u"y$ -;'a% ed < 1(#10,4),a)

• Pa"t%$u'a"s < a y ' ss < ea" % g $a;a$%ty "esu't% g <" - t=e% u"y1(#10,4),<)

• T=e date < t=e ;a"ty?s &%"t= 1(#10,4),c)• E-;' ye" deta%'s < " 12 - t=s &e< "e % u"y 1(#10,4),d)

• P" $eed% g < " L%&e'o Ru'e

T=e % d "se-e t < $'a%- F"%t " t=e state-e t < $'a%- -ust%de t%<y t=e ;u&'%$at% % "es;e$t < F=%$= t=e ;" $eed% g %s$ --e $ed 1(#10,5)

C "RT R!ERE! PARTIC"LAR&• Ru'e

o C u"t -ay "de" a ;a"ty t serve 9articulars> or 7urtBer <etter9articulars < a y <a$t -atte" stated % ;'ead% g " % a<<%da!%t <%'ed %<

e$essa"y des%"a&'e t e a&'e t=e" ;a"ty t ;'ead " < " s -e t=e" s;e$%a'"eas 1(#11

• I P"a$t%$eo Pa"ty s= u'd "eHu%"ed , + ;a"t%$u'a"s <" - t=e" ;a"ty &e< "e as % g t=e $ u"t

&PECI IC T2PE& PLEA!IN*&

STATEMENT O, CLAIM

I& A &TATE/ENT CLAI/ RE="IRE!• TP N t%$es

o Ru'e TP t%$es -ust &e % d "sed F%t= a SOC 11#01 TP t%$es -ust $ -;'y F%t= ;'ead% g "eHu%"e-e ts 11#0$

• 3"%to S;e$%a' I d "se-e t 7S C %s % $'uded % 3"%t)

3=e"e % d "se-e t < $'a%- F"%t $ st%tutes a S C % a$$ "da $eF%t= "5./ 7t=at %s9 F=e"e t=e F"%t =as a s;e$%a' % d "se-e t)9 S Cs=a'' &e se"!ed 14#01

o Ge e"a' I d "se-e t 7N S C % 3"%t)3=e"e % d "se-e t < $'a%- F"%t d es NOT $ st%tute a S C %a$$ "da $e F%t= "5./ 7t=at %s9 F=e"e t=e F"%t =as a ge e"a'% d "se-e t)9 %< D <%'es a a;;ea"a $e9 P s=a'' se"!e a S C D F%t=%8/ days < Ds a;;ea"a $e9 u 'ess t=e"F%se "de"ed 14#0$

& C C NTENT O R/ALIT2 RE="IRE/ENT&• Cause < A$t%

o Ru'e

*2 | P a g e



S C -ust d%s$' se a $ause < a$t%• , "-at 7T=e"e a"e 8 ;a"ts t a S C)

o 1) I t" du$t "y A''egat% s3=at %s %t

• A y e$essa"y <a$ts "e'at% g t t=e ;a"t%es a d t=e%" "e'at% s=%;t ea$= t=e"

E a-;'es 7 'y use ea$= e F=e"e "e'e!a t)• Esta&'%s= $a;a$%ty %< "e'e!a t

o I< us% g '%t%gat% gua"d%a t=e -ust &e ;'eaded• Esta&'%s= $ e$t% < ;a"ty t su& e$t -atte"9 %< t &!% us• S= F a $ e$t% &etFee t=e ;a"t%es• I< su% g % "e;"ese tat%!e ;" $eed% gs t=e t=e $'ass -ust &e

%de t%<%ed• Et$

o 2) Su&sta t%!e A''egat% s

3=at %s %t• A'' -ate"%a' <a$ts t=at a"e eeded t ;" !e ea$= $ause < a$t%• I< t=e"e a"e -u't%;'e C As9 t=e y u eed t ;" !%de -ate"%a'

<a$ts < " ea$= C AE a-;'es

• 3reacB o7 H8 1. Ag"ee-e t Fas !e"&a' 2. +"ea$= F=e d%d t;ay 8. +"ea$= $auses da-ages as 4 $ u'd ?t ;ay &%''s

• Ne6li6e ce8 1. D Fed duty as ;a"t e"s 2. Duty &"ea$=ed&e$auseV et$

• 3atter:8 1. D%"e$t ;=ys%$a' $ ta$t F=e =%t 4 F%t= &a''V et$o 8) P"aye" < " Re'%e<

3=at %s %t• Ide t%<y F=at "e'%e< "e-edy %s s ug=t <" - t=e $ u"t

, "-at• I t" du$ed % $a;%ta's >AND T E PLAINTI,, CLAIMS:?• N t u-&e"s % stead %t %s '%sted &y 'ette"

E a-;'e• AND T E PLAINTI,, CLAIMS:

o A ]]]]]]]]]] o + ]]]]]]]]]] o C ]]]]]]]]]]

• Pa"t%$u'a"so Pa"t%$u'a"s a"e a's "eHu%"ed see a& !e

DE,ENCE

W AT I& IT• De<e $e – T=e ;'ead% g su&seHue t t a SOC

o Res; ds t a''egat% s -ade &y P % t=e SOCo +"% gs u; a y CC " Set0 <<s

*8 | P a g e



C NTENT• Ru'e

o Pa"ty s=a'' ;'ead a y <a$t -atte" F=%$=: 1(#0.,1)t=e ;a"ty a''eges -a es a $'a%- de<e $e < t=e ;; s%te ;a"ty t-a% ta% a&'e

%< t ;'eaded s;e$%<%$a''y9 -%g=t ta e t=e ;; s%te ;a"ty &y su";"%se"a%ses Huest% s < <a$t t a"%s% g ut < t=e ;"e$ed% g ;'ead% g

A!/I&&I N& AN! !ENIAL&• Must De y " E'se Ad-%tted

o Ru'eD -ust s;e$%<%$a''y de y ea$= a''egat% -ade % t=e SOC t=at t=eyF%s= t $ test,a%'u"e t "es; d %s ta e t &e a ad-%ss% 1(#1$,1)

o E $e;t% sDa-ages a"e assu-ed t &e "e e$tedNeed t "es; d t ;a"t%$u'a"s

• 8 3ays D $a Res; do 8 Fays D $a "es; d t ea$= s;e$%<%$ a''egat% % t=e SOC: 1(#1$,()

Admit8 <a$t %s ta e as ;" !e a d %s t d%s;uted at t"%a'• ua'%<%ed ;'ead% g: Just%<y F=y 74es I d%d %t9 &ut I Fas ;us=ed)• O& e$t% ; % t < 'aF: P % t < 'aF 74es I d%d %t9 &ut '%-%tat%

;e"% d e ;%"ed)!o ot admit8 d t ad-%t9 a d as P t ;" !e %t!e :8 d t ad-%t a d de y %t

• D%<<e"e t ,a$ts t t=e S Co P" !e D%<<e"e t ,a$ts

I< ;a"ty % te ds t ;" !e d%<<e"e t <a$ts t t= se ;'eaded &y t=e;; s% g ;a"ty9 t=e ;a"ty s=a'' ;'ead t=e -ate"%a' <a$ts t=ey % te d

t ;" !e 1(#1$,()o I $ s%ste t A''egat% s < ,a$t

A ;a"ty -ay -a e % $ s%ste t a''egat% s < <a$t %< t=e ;'ead% g -a es%t $'ea" t=at t=e a''egat% s a"e ;'eaded % t=e a'te" at%!e 1(#0'

• De %a' &y J % de"o De<% e J % de" < Issue

3=e"e D d%s;utes a $'a%- &y P9 t=e ;a"t%es ag"ee t=at t=e %ssue %s %d%s;ute

J % de" < %ssue a$ts as de %a' aga% st a y a''egat% u 'ess %t %sad-%tted 1(#1(,4)

o N Re;'y Need &e Se"!edN "e;'y " su&seHue t ;'ead% g -e"e'y % % g %ssue s=a'' &e se"!ed1(#1(,1)P d es NOT =a!e t "es; d F%t= a "e;'y u less Be is raisi 6 a e

alle6atio or 7acto J I I-;'%ed at C' se < P'ead% gs

At t=e $' se < ;'ead% gs a % de" < %ssue t=e ;'ead% g 'ast se"!eds=a'' &e %-;'%ed 1(#1(,$)

* | P a g e



o N J I -ade S C " CCN % de" < %ssue9 e ;"ess " %-;'%ed9 s=a'' &e -ade a SOC "$ u te"$'a%- 1(#1(,()+e$ause %tYs t=e <%"st e de<e $e t a"gue F%t= %t

SET0O,, # COUNTERCLAIM

W AT ARE T E2• I t"

o T=e"e a"e 2 Fays < " D t &"% g a C A % =%s de<e $e d $u-e t: Set << a d CC

&ET; ,&EE IN!ER N TE&)• De<e $e D $u-e t , "-a'%t%es

o T%t'e %s >De<e $e?o A ;a"ag"a;= F%t=% -ust te t=e set0 << 7 su&0=ead% gs "eHu%"ed)

• N t a COAo Set0 << %s a de<e $e t Ps $'a%- 1(#14

N t a se;a"ate COA t=e"e< "e t=e"e %s se;a"ate udg-e tNeed t a"%se <" - t=e sa-e <a$ts &ut -ust "e'ate t - ey

• 3=e"e Set0 << %s G"eate" t=a Ps C'a%-o D s= u'd a's ;'ead t=e set0 << as a $ u te"$'a%- a d as < " udge t=e

&a'a $e 10#0'

C "NTERCLAI/ ,&EE IN!ER N TE&)•

Sa-e as SOCo rder 1( a;;'%es t a $ u te"$'a%- as %< %t Fe"e a state-e t < $'a%-

1(#15,a) a d a de<e $e t $ u te"$'a%- as %< %t Fe"e a de<e $e 1(#15,<)

• De<e $e D $u-e t , "-a'%t%eso T%t'e %s >De<e $e a d C u te"$'a%-?o Su&=ead% gs -ust &e % $'uded:

1. De<e $e2. C u te"$'a%-

• A A$t% % Its OF R%g=to Ge e"a''y

Sa-e "u'e as a SOC as %t %s a eF a$t%o P" $edu"e

Sa-e as SOCCa 'y &e $ --e $ed &y F"%t 10#01D $a CC at a y t%-e % t=e ;" $eed% g &e< "e udg-e t 10#0$P"aye" < " Re'%e<: >AND T E DE,ENDANT COUNTERCLAIMS:? 1(#15

o L%<e < %ts OFC t% ues %< Ps a$t% e ds 10#0-

C u"t $a se;a"ate CC % t %ts F t"%a' %< t=e $ u"t &e'%e!es %t F%'' de'ay;" $eed% gs " $ause ;"e ud%$e 10#0+

• J % de" < Ot=e"so I add%t% t a-% g P % t=e CC9 D $a % de" t=e"s % t=e CC

*5 | P a g e



o TE&T8 sa-e t"a sa$t% " se"%es X $ -- Huest% < 'aF <a$tSee % de" < " - "e

• L%-%tat% so CC %s t"eated as =a!% g $ --e $ed t=e date < t=e "%g% a' ;" $eed% g

&(0 Limitatio s o7 Actio s Act

REPL4

REPL2 • I t"

o 3=at %s %tI< t=e de<e $e "a%ses a eF a''egat% < <a$t t=at "eHu%"es a "es; se- "e t=a a -e"e de %a'9 P -ay "es; d % t=e < "- < a >"e;'y?

o 3=e F%'' %t &e usedRe;'y %s 'y e$essa"y %<: 1(#0'

• T=e"e %s a eF -atte" t=at F%'' -a e a de<e $e ;'eaded &y t=eDe<e da t t -a% ta% a&'eK "

• T=e"e %s a -atte" a"%s% g <" - t=e de<e $e t=at F u'd ta e t=eDe<e da t &y su";"%se %< t=e P'a% t%<< a"gued %t F%t= ut s;e$%<%$a''y;'ead% g %tK "

• P'a% t%<< Fa ts t "a%se Huest% s < <a$t t a"%s% g <" - t=ede<e $e

o 3=e"e D <%'es a CCRe;'y d $u-e t s= u'd a's % $'ude a de<e $e t t=e CC

De<e $e t CC < '' Fs sa-e "u'es as a de<e $e t a S C• S$ ;e

o Ca 'y -eet t=e de<e $eo Ca NOT "a%se eF COA " a''ege a y -atte" F=%$= %s % $ s%ste t F%t= t=e

S C• I< N Re;'y %s ,%'ed a d Se"!ed

o A'' t=e a''egat% s % t=e de<e $e a"e dee-ed de %ed 1(#1(

PLEADINGS A,TER T E REPL4

P &&I3LE PLEA!IN*& A TER T E REPL2 • O"de" < t=e C u"t ReHu%"ed

o Ca 'y &e se"!ed &y "de" < t=e $ u"t 14#0+• I $'ude:

o Re % de" 7&y D)o Su""e % de" 7&y P)o Re&utte" 7&y D)o Su""e&utte" 7&y P)

C ALLEN*E& AN! 3 ECTI N&

*6 | P a g e



INTR !"CTI N• I P"a$t%$e

o U '% e'y t su--a"%'y d%s-%ss %< 'ess d"ast%$ -easu"es a"e a!a%'a&'eo Usua''y 'ea!e t a-e d F%'' &e g"a ted a d a "de" < " $ sts t=" F aFay

su& e$t t AON• Gu s u te

o T=ey -ust &e g%!e a ;; "tu %ty < &"% g% g t= se a''egat% s &e< "e t=eC u"t % a % te''%g%&'e a d a;;" ;"%ate < "-9 ;" ;e"'y a d e$ -%$a''y;'eaded. Ma y < t=e- a- u t t $"%-% a' <<e $es9 s -e < t=e- se"% us9a d %t F u'd &e a % ust%$e t t=e ;'a% t%<<s t e te" udg-e t aga% st t=e-a d t=us s=ut t=e- ut <" - '%t%gat% g t= se a''egat% s. T=e "%g=t t due;" $ess %s -utua'. *u s

PR CEE!IN*• Stay Su--a"y Judg-e t

o P" $eed% g ge e"a''y a y $'a%- % a ;" $eed% gC u"t -ay stay a ;" $eed% g " g%!e su--a"y udg-e t F=e"e a9roceedi 6 6e erall:> or a : claim i a 9roceedi 68 $(#01,1)

• ,a) d es t d%s$' se a $ause < a$t% K• ,<) %s s$a da' us9 <"%! ' us " !e at% usK• ,c) %s a a&use < ;" $essK "• ,d) "e'ates t &at-a

o De<e $e

T=e C u"t -ay g%!e udg-e t F=e"e t=e de<e $e: $(#01,$)• ,a) d es t d%s$' se a a sFe"K "• ,<) %s s$a da' us9 <"%! ' us " !e at% us

IN! R&E/ENT• I d "se-e t P'ead% g

o T=e C u"t -ay "de" t=at t=e F= 'e " ;a"t < t=e % d "se-e t " ;'ead% g &est"u$ ut " a-e ded %< t=e % d "se-e t " ;'ead% g: $(#0$

,a) d es t d%s$' se a $ause < a$t% " de<e $eK,<) %s s$a da' us9 <"%! ' us " !e at% usK,c) -ay ;"e ud%$e9 e-&a""ass " de'ay t=e <a%" t"%a' < t=e ;" $eed% gK

",d) %s t=e"F%se a a&use < t=e ;" $ess < t=e C u"t

A/EN!/ENT

A/EN!/ENT• Ru'e

o

T=%s "u'e a;;'%es t ;'ead% gs a d "%g% at% g ;" $ess (+#01,$)o C u"t -ay "de" a-e d-e t g"a t 'ea!e t a-e d at a y stage < ;'ead% gs

< " t=e ;u"; se <: (+#01,a) Dete"-% % g t=e "ea' Huest% % $ t" !e"sy &etFee t=e ;a"t%es

*@ | P a g e



,<) C ""e$t% g a y de<e$t " e"" " % t=e ;" $eed% g,c) A! %d% g -u't%;'%$%ty < ;" $eed% gs

• ,%"st A-e d-e t 3%t= ut Lea!eo A ;a"ty ma: ame d ;'ead% gs o n%e <e7ore tBe close o7 9leadi 6s 7%.e.

F%t= ut 'ea!e)K a d a : time itB tBe CourtKs leave " $ se t < a'';a"t%es (+#0(

• A-e d-e to COA A"%s% g a<te" C --e $e-e t < P" $eed% g

Ca add " su&st%tute a $ause < a$t% F=%$= a" se a<te" t=e$ --e $e-e t < a ;" $eed% g (+#01,()

o M%sta e % Na-eA -%sta e % a-e < a ;a"ty $a &e $ ""e$ted9 e!e %< e<<e$t <$ ""e$t% %s t su&st%tute a t=e" ;e"s as a ;a"ty (+#01,4)

o L%-%tat% Pe"% dCa a-e d e!e %< t=e "e'e!a t '%-%tat% ;e"% d =as e ;%"ed (+#01,+)

o D%st% gu%s= <" - P"e!% us P'ead% gA-e d-e t -ust &e d%st% gu%s=ed <" - t=e ;"e!% us ;'ead% g r (+#05

ET ICAL 3LI*ATI N& , NL2 I RELE%ANT N E?A/)

ET ICAL 3LI*ATI N& R / HEARA& N TE&

TF sets < dut%es < " t=e 'aFye" t $ s%de":− Duty t t=e C u"t− O&'%gat% s u de" t=e Civil 2rocedure Act (>'> 7 %$)

!ut: to tBe Court

• A Aust"a'%a LaFye" ad-%tted % %$t "%a %s a <<%$e" < t=e Su;"e-e C u"t < %$t "%a7B2A 2.8.*71)).

• LaFye"s =a!e a duty t t=e C u"t a d t t=e ad-% %st"at% < ust%$e9 F=%$= !e""%det=e duty t t=e $'%e t 7su& e$t t $'%e t 'ega' ;"%!%'ege).

T=%s duty % $'udes:− Duty < $a d u" % d%s$' s% g t=e 'aF a d t=e <a$ts : P"a$t%t% e"s -ust d%s$' se

t t=e $ u"t t=e 'aF a;;'%$a&'e t a $ase a d -ust t F% g'y -%s'ead t=e$ u"t a& ut t=e <a$ts < a $ase9 " a y t=e" -atte".

− Duty t t a&use t=e $ u"t ;" $ess : P"a$t%t% e"s -ust e su"e t=at $ u"t;" $esses a"e t a&used " used < " u'te"% " " %-;" ;e" ;u"; sesK t=at %s9 < ";u"; ses t=e" t=a t=e !% d%$at% < a "%g=t < a $'%e t.

o I 3hite $ndustries 6Pld8 2ty Btd v lower = <art 6a firm8 9 G 'd&e"g J =e'd

t=at s '%$%t "s at ,' Fe" # a"t &"ea$=ed t=e%" duty t t=e $ u"t a d t=ead-% %st"at% < ust%$e F=e t=ey % st%tuted a ;" $eed% g &e=a'< <%ts $'%e t a''eg% g <"aud F=e t=e"e Fas <a$tua' &as%s < " t=at a''egat%a d % "es;e$t < a $ause < a$t% F=%$= %t &e'%e!ed $ u'd t &e F W.

*( | P a g e



T=ey =ad d e s t &uy t%-e < " t=e%" $'%e t a d ga% a >te-; "a"y&a"ga% % g sta $e.W

− Duty t t $ ""u;t t=e ad-% %st"at% < ust%$e : P"a$t%t% e"s -ust t e gage% 9 " ass%st9 $ du$t t=at %s ;"e ud%$%a' t t=e ad-% %st"at% < ust%$e.

− Duty t $ du$t $ases e<<%$%e t'y a d e ;ed%t% us'y : P"a$t%t% e"s -ust e e"$%se% de;e de t udg-e t % t=e $ du$t a d -a age-e t < $ases a d $ ;e"ate

F%t= t=e $ u"t a d ea$= t=e" t e su"e t=e s;eedy a d e<<%$%e t ad-% %st"at%< ust%$e.− Duty t $ -;'y F%t= ;e"s a' u de"ta % gs : P"a$t%t% e"s -ust st"%$t'y &se"!e

;e"s a' u de"ta % gs g%!e t t=e $ u"t % a ;" <ess% a' $a;a$%ty.

Civil Procedure Act

s 1+ – Paramou t !ut:8

Ea$= ;e"s t F= - t=e !e"a"$=% g &'%gat% s a;;'y =as a ;a"a- u t duty t t=e $ u"t t<u"t=e" t=e ad-% %st"at% < ust%$e % "e'at% t a y $%!%' ;" $eed% g % F=%$= t=at ;e"s %s% ! '!ed9 % $'ud% g9 &ut t '%-%ted t 0

7a)a y % te"' $ut "y a;;'%$at% " % te"' $ut "y ;" $eed% gK7&)a y a;;ea' <" - a "de" " a udg-e t % a $%!%' ;" $eed% gK7$) a y a;;" ;"%ate d%s;ute "es 'ut% u de"ta e % "e'at% t a $%!%' ;" $eed% g.

s 1- – verarcBi 6 o<li6atio ;re@uireme t o7 9ro9er <asis

A ;e"s t F= - t=e !e"a"$=% g &'%gat% s a;;'y -ust t -a e a y $'a%- " -a e a y

$'a%- " -a e a "es; se t a y $'a%- % a $%!%' ;" $eed% g t=at 7a)%s <"%! ' usK "7&)%s !e at% usK "7$) %s a a&use < ;" $essK "7d)d es t9 t=e <a$tua' a d 'ega' -ate"%a' a!a%'a&'e t t=e ;e"s at t=e t%-e <

-a % g t=e $'a%- " "es; d% g t t=e $'a%-9 as t=e $ase "eHu%"es9 =a!e a ;" ;e"&as%s.

s#4$ – Pro9er <asis certi7icatio

71) O t=e <%'% g < a ;a"tyYs <%"st su&sta t%!e d $u-e t % a $%!%' ;" $eed% g a d a yd $u-e t t=at $ ta% s s%g %<%$a t a-e d-e ts t t=e <%"st su&sta t%!e d $u-e t9 a 'ega';"a$t%t% e" a$t% g < " " &e=a'< < a ;a"ty t t=e ;" $eed% g -ust $e"t%<y t=at9 t=e<a$tua' a d 'ega' -ate"%a' a!a%'a&'e 0

7a)ea$= a''egat% < <a$t % t=e d $u-e t =as a ;" ;e" &as%sK7&)ea$= de %a' % t=e d $u-e t =as a ;" ;e" &as%sK7$) t=e"e %s a ;" ;e" &as%s < " ea$= 0ad-%ss% % t=e d $u-e t.

78) , " t=e ;u"; ses < t=%s se$t% 9 a dete"-% at% &y a 'ega' ;"a$t%t% e" 7a)As t F=et=e" a y a''egat% " de %a' < <a$t =as a ;" ;e" &as%s9 t=e <a$tua'

a d 'ega' -ate"%a' a!a%'a&'e9 -ust &e &ased a "eas a&'e &e'%e< as t t=et"ut= " u t"ut= < t=e a''egat% " de %a'K "

** | P a g e



7&)as t t=e ;" ;e" &as%s < a y 0ad-%ss% %s t=at t=e 'ega' ;"a$t%t% e" d est F9 a d t=e"e< "e $a t say9 F=et=e" a <a$t a''eged " de %a' %s t"ue "

u t"ue.

1// | P a g e



1/) /ET !& *AT ERIN* E%I!ENCE

W AT I& IT• TBe various metBods used to 6atBer evide ce <e7ore a trial• Met= ds < Gat=e"% g E!%de $e I $'ude:

o D%s$ !e"yo N 0;a"ty a d ;"e'%-% a"y d%s$ !e"y 7%de t%<y a D9 ;" s;e$t%!e D9 0;a"ty)o I te"" gat "%es 7Huest% s <" - e ;a"ty t a t=e" a sFe"ed u de" at=)o N t%$e t ad-%t 7;a"t%es ag"ee t ad-%t $e"ta% <a$ts)o Su&; e as 7;" $ess t $ -;e' a ;e"s t atte d t"%a' as F%t ess " t

;" du$e d $u-e ts)

C NTE?T• uest% F%'' as a& ut t=e !a"% us Fays P " D $a get a s;e$%<%$ ;%e$e <

% < "-at% <" - e%t=e" t=e t=e" ;a"ty " a t=%"d ;a"ty

!I&C %ER2

E?A/ &TR"CT"RE• I t" C"a;• N t%$e• A<<%da!%t < D $u-e ts

o S$ ;eo P ssess%o Ot=e" Ty;es < D%s$ !e"y 7Rest"%$ted9 Pa"t%$u'a"9 ,u"t=e"9 Su;;'e-e ta"y)o P"%!%'ege

• I s;e$t% < D $u-e tso Pe"-%tted Use < D%s$ !e"ed D $s

• De<au't % D%s$ !e"y• D $u-e t Dest"u$t%

INTRO CRAP

INTR CRAP• Lead% g L% e

o T=e ;" $ess &y F=%$= a'' d $u-e ts "e'e!a t t -atte"s ;'eaded a"e -adea!a%'a&'e t t=e t=e" s%de < " % s;e$t%

• 3=eo 3"%t

O 'y a;;'%es t ;" $eed% gs $ --e ded &y F"%t $'#01o 3=at %s a D $u-e t

s (- :nter(retation o' +e&is!ation A%t 1'-4 ,%ic)D $u-e tW % $'udes9 % add%t% t a d $u-e t % F"%t% g:• 7a) a y & 9 -a;9 ;'a 9 g"a;= " d"aF% gK• 7&) a y ;= t g"a;=K

1/1 | P a g e



• 7$) a y 'a&e'9 -a" % g " t=e" F"%t% g F=%$= %de t%<%es V.K• 7d) a y d%s$9 ta;e9 s u d t"a$ " t=e" de!%$e % F=%$= s u ds

VK• 7e) a y <%'- 7% $'ud% g -%$" <%'-)9 egat%!e9 ta;e " t=e" de!%$e

% F=%$= e " - "e !%sua' %-ages a"e e-& d%ed VK a d• 7<) a yt=% g F=ats e!e" F=%$= %s -a" ed a y F "ds9 <%gu"es9

'ette"s " sy-& 's F=%$= a"e $a;a&'e < $a""y% g a de<% %te-ea % g t ;e"s s $ !e"sa t F%t= t=e-

NOTICE ,OR DISCO ER4

N TICE R !I&C %ER2 • 3=at %s %t

o N t%$e g%!e t t=e" ;a"ty "eHu%"% g t=e- t -a e d%s$ !e"y < a''d $u-e ts F=%$= a"e 7 " =a!e ;"e!% us'y &ee ) % t=at ;a"ty?s ; ssess% 9t=at "e'ate t a y Huest% "a%sed &y t=e ;'ead% gs $'#0$,1)

• 3=o E%t=e" ;a"ty $a g%!e t%$e $'#0$,1)

• T%-% go A<te" t=e C' se < P'ead% gs

N t%$e $a &e se"!ed at a y t%-e $'#0$,1)o +e< "e t=e C' se < P'ead% gs

Lea!e < t=e $ u"t %s "eHu%"ed t se"!e t%$e $'#0.N t%$e se"!ed &e< "e ;'ead% gs $' se a"e ta e t &e se"!ed t=e day

a<te" ;'ead% gs $' se $'#0$,()• , "-

o N t%$e < " d%s$ !e"y s=a'' &e % < "- 2*A $'#0$,$)

A,,IDA IT O, DOCUMENTS MA ING DISCO ER4

W AT I& IT• P'ease te'' -e9 I?- stu;%d a d %'' <a%' $%!%' %< y u d Yt

o ,% e I?ll tell :ouQ 7or $0O 9 =e"e %t %s 2/W

• T=a s. I< a ;a"ty %s se"!ed t%$e < " d%s$ !e"y9 AOD %s t=e%""es; se F=%$= % $'udes t=e d $s t &e d%s$ !e"ed

TI/IN*• Ru'e

o Pa"ty se"!ed F%t= t%$e -ust -a e d%s$ !e"y F%t=% 2 days < se"!%$e$'#0(,a) " t=e day F=%$= se"!%$e %s ta e t =a!e $$u""ed $'#0(,<)

R/ AN! C NTENT A !• , "-

o AOD s=a'' &e % < "- 2*+ $'#04

1/2 | P a g e



• C te t < AODo A ! must8

Ide t%<y D $s• Ru'e

o Ide t%<ytBe docs BicB are Bave <ee i tBe9ossessio o7 tBe 9art: ma i 6 tBe A ! $'#04,a)

• P"%!%'eged D $so Privile6ed docs must <e ide ti7ied> <ut tBeir co te t

does ot Bave to <e disclosedO"de" a d Des$"%&e D $s

• Ru'eo E u-e"ate ,itemise) docume ts i a co ve ie t

order a d descri<e eacB docume t $'#04 ,<)• D $u-e ts % a G" u;

o G" u; d $s < t=e sa-e atu"e $a &e des$"%&ed as a

g" u;• Deta%'o Must &e su<<%$%e t t e a&'e t=e d $ g" u; t &e %de t%<%ed

D $s N L ge" % P ssess%• De<% e P ssess%

o P ssess% -ea s ; ssess% 9 $ust dy " ; Fe" $'#01,$)Possessio : P=ys%$a' $ "; "a' = 'd% g < d $u-e t"esu't% g <" - "%g=t t ; ssess% 7age t &a%'ee)Custod: : Me"e a$tua' ;=ys%$a' $ "; "a' = 'd% g < ad $u-e t9 "ega"d'ess < "%g=t t ; ssess%7se"!a t e-;' yee)Po er : E < "$ea&'e "%g=t t % s;e$t " &ta%; ssess% $ t" ' < d $u-e t <" - ;e"s F=

"d% a"%'y =as %t• Ru'e: D%st% gu%s=

o AOD -ust d isti 6uisB docs tBat remai i 9ossessio7rom tBose o lo 6er i tBeir 9ossessio $'#04,c)

• D $s N L ge" % P ssess%o AOD -ust:

State F=e t=ey ;a"ted F%t= d $u-e t $'#04,c),i)State F=at t=ey &e'%e!e =as &e$ -e < t=ed $u-e t $'#04,c),ii)

P"%!%'ege• I< AOD $'a%-s a y d $s a"e ;"%!%'eged9 AOD -ust s tate

su77icie tl: tBe 6rou ds 7or 9rivile6e $'#04,d)

&C PE !I&C %ER2 • 3=at d y u -ea &y S$ ;e

o 1. S$ ;% g ut s -e = tt%eso 2. 3=%$= d $u-e ts a"e "eHu%"ed t &e d%s$ !e"ed a d t=e"e< "e % $'uded %

t=e AOD• C -- LaF 7N L ge" A;;'%es)

o Must % $'ude D $s t=at F u'd: Com9a6 ie

1/8 | P a g e



+e e!%de $e u; a y %ssue % t=e $aseAd!a $e t=e $ase < t=e ;a"ty0see % g d%s$ !e"yDa-age t=e $ase < t=e ;a"ty0g%!% g d%s$ !e"yP ss%&'y 'ead t a t"a% < % Hu%"y F=%$= -%g=t ad!a $e " da-age t=e$ase < t=e ;a"ty g%!% g d%s$ !e"y

• Statuteo Su--a"y

C d%<%es t=e CL as a& !e9 e $e;t t=at t=e t= ; % t 7t"a% < % Hu%"y) %sNOT % $'uded

o Ru'eD $s "eHu%"ed t &e d%s$ !e"ed a"e a y < d $s % "2*./1./1 < F=%$=t=e ;a"ty g%!% g d%s$ %s >a are o7K at t=e t%-e d%s$ !e"y %s g%!e$'#01#01

o >AFa"e <?Ru'e

• Pa"ty g%!% g d%s$ %s e ;e$ted t $ du$t a >"eas a&'e sea"$=? t&e$ -e aFa"e < "e'e!a t d $u-e ts

Reas a&'e Sea"$=• I -a % g a "eas a&'e sea"$= a ;a"ty -ay ta e % t a$$ u t

$'#01#01,5)o ,a) T=e atu"e a d $ -;'e %ty < t=e ;" $eed% gKo ,<) T=e u-&e" < d $u-e ts % ! '!edKo ,c) T=e ease a d $ st < "et"%e!% g a d $u-e tKo ,d) T=e s%g %<%$a $e < a y d $u-e t t &e < u dK a do ,e) A y t=e" "e'e!a t -atte"

o D $u-e ts ReHu%"ed t &e D%s$ !e"ed &y t=e Pa"ty G%!% g D%s$ $'#01#01,a) D $u-e ts F=%$= t=e ;a"ty "e'%esK,<) D $u-e ts t=at ad!e"se'y a<<e$t t=e ;a"tyYs F $aseK,c) D $u-e ts t=at ad!e"se'y a<<e$t a t=e" ;a"tyYs $aseK AND,d) D $u-e ts t=at su;; "t a t=e" ;a"tyYs $ase

T ER T2PE& !I&C %ER2 • Rest"%$ted D%s$ !e"y

o T%-% gC u"t $a "de" at a y t%-e $'#05

o C te tP '%$y

• Used t a! %d a&use < ;" $essesC <%de t%a'%ty

• C <%de t%a'%ty a' e %s usua''y t e ug= t de y % s;e$t% 9&e$ause < t=e %-;'%ed u de"ta % g t=at t=e % < "-at% %s 'yused < " t=e ;u"; se < t=e a$t% /o<il

S 3=e• C --e"$%a' $ <%de $e• Pu&'%$ % te"est• Nat% a' se$u"%ty• Pa"ty %s -e"e'y <%s=% g < " % < "-at%

1/ | P a g e



• Pa"ty =as u t Fa"d - t%!eso Ru'e

C u"t $a "de" t=at: $'#05• !iscover: <: a 9art: is N T re@uired

OR• !iscover: is limited t :

o Ce"ta% d $u-e tsKo Ce"ta% $'asses < d $u-e tsK ORo Ce"ta% Huest% s % t=e ;" $eed% g

• Pa"t%$u'a" D%s$ !e"yo T%-% g

C u"t $a "de" at a y stage < a ;" $eed% g $'#0-,$)o C te t

3=e"e t=e $ u"t &e'%e!es a ;a"ty -ay =a!e 7 " ;"e!% us'y =ad) a"e'e!a t d $u-e t

Pa"ty se"!ed F%t= AOD &e'%e!es d%s$ !e"y %s % $ -;'ete9 ;a"ty F%''"eHuest <u"t=e" AND ;a"t%$u'a"o Ru'e

I< $ u"t =as 6rou ds 7or <elie7 t=at a d $u-e t 7 " $'ass < d $s) -ay&e 7 " ;"e!% us'y =ad &ee ) % t=e ; ssess% < a ;a"ty9 $ u"t -ay

"de" t=at ;a"ty s%g a a<<%da!%t stat% g:• 3=et=e" su$= d $s $'ass %s " Fas e!e" % t=e ;a"ty?s ; ssess%

$'#0-,$),a)AND

• I< ' ge" % ; ssess% 9 F=e t=e ;a"ty ;a"ted F%t= %t9 a d

F=at t=e ;a"ty &e'%e!es =as &e$ -e < %t $'#0-,$),<)o De<% e: >Court Bas *rou ds 7or 3elie7K

I< %t a;;ea"s t t=e $ u"t at a y t%-e <" - e!%de $e9 atu"e "$%"$u-sta $es < t=e $ase

o N te:AOD %s a sF " d $u-e t a d t=e"e< "e $a""%es s -e Fe%g=t9 t=us

eeds sometBi 6 si6 i7ica t to o9i e tBat tBe 9art: Bas otcom9leted it i 7ull

• ,u"t=e" D%s$ !e"yo C te t

Pa"ty se"!ed F%t= AOD &e'%e!es d%s$ !e"y %s % $ -;'ete9 ;a"ty F%''"eHuest <u"t=e" AND ;a"t%$u'a"

o Ru'e3=e"e ;a"ty <a%'s t -a e d%s$ !e"y " <a%'s t -a e su<<%$%e ta""a ge-e ts < " % s;e$t% $ ;y% g9 $ u"t -ay "de" t=e ;a"ty t dsu$= a$ts as t=e $ase "eHu%"ed $'#11

o ,a%'s t -a e d%s$ !e"y su<<%$%e t a""a ge-e ts % $'udes:,a%'s t -a e d%s$ !e"y % a$$ "da $e F%t= Rules $'#0( a d $'#04$'#11,a)

,a%'s t se"!e t%$e a;; % t% g t%-e < " % s;e$t% as "eHu%"ed &y 2*./*" 2*.1/ $'#11,<)O& e$ts t ;" du$e a y d $u-e t < " % s;e$t% $'#11,c)O<<e"s u "eas a&'e % s;e$t% t%-e " ;'a$e $'#11,d)

1/5 | P a g e



O& e$ts t a'' F d $u-e t t &e ;= t $ ;%ed " t su;;'y ;= t $ ;y <d $u-e t $'#11,e)

• Su;;'e-e ta"y D%s$ !e"yo Ru'e

Pa"ty F= -ade AOD %s u de" $ t% u% g &'%gat% t -a e d%s$ <d $s < " a y d $s &ta% ed &y t=at ;a"ty a<te" -a % g t=e AOD $'#15

o C te tNeF d $u-e t $"eatedS -et=% g Fas 'et ut "%g% a''y &ut %s F "e'e!a tEt$

1/6 | P a g e



PRI%ILE*E• Re'e!a $e

o A ;"%!%'eged d $u-e t =as t &e %de t%<%ed % t=e AOD9 &ut d es NOT =a!e t&e -ade a!a%'a&'e < " % s;e$t% &y t=e t=e" ;a"ty

• G" u ds < P"%!%'egeo Le6al 9ro7essio al 9rivile6eo P"%!%'ege aga% st se'< % $"%-% at%o P"%!%'ege aga% st e ; su"e t ;e a't%es # < "<e%tu"eo Pu&'%$ % te"esto 3%t= ut ;"e ud%$e $ --u %$at% so P"%est a d ;e %te t ;"%!%'egeo Ma"%ta' ;"%!%'ege

• Test < " Lega' P" <ess% a' P"%!%'egeo Ru'e

D $u-e t %s ;"%!%'eged a d t=e"e< "e ;" te$ted %<:•

It %s $ --u %$at% F=%$= %s -ade ;"ed -% ate'y < " t=e;u"; se < &ta% % g 'ega' ad!%$e " use < a 'aFye" % e %st% g "a t%$%;ated '%t%gat% Esso

o A t%$%;ated L%t%gat%Must &e a "ea' ;" s;e$t < '%t%gat% 9 a d t a -e"e ; ss%&%'%ty/itsu<isBi

o C=a''e g% g P"%!%'egeI a a;;'%$at% t C u"t $=a''e g% g a $'a%- < ;"%!%'ege9 C u"t -ay% s;e$t d $u-e ts to decide validit: o7 tBe claim $'#1(

INSPECTION O, DOCUMENTS

IN&PECTI N ! C&• 3=at %s %t

o A<te" AOD %s su;;'%ed9 ;a"ty %s "eHu%"ed t ;" du$e d $u-e ts "e<e""ed t < "% s;e$t% $'#0',1)

• , "-o , "- 2*C: N t%$e t P" du$e $'#0',()

• T%-% go Pa"ty =as . da:s 7rom receivi 6 otice to 9roduce to a99oi t a time

itBi . da:s a d a 9lace Bere tBe docume ts ma: <e i s9ected$'#0',$)

• I s;e$t%o Pa"ty t F= - d $u-e ts a"e ;" du$ed9 ma: ta e co9ies < d $u-e ts

$'#0',4)>Ta % g a $ ;y? i cludes 9Botoco9:i 6 d $u-e t $'#0',5)Part: 9roduci 6 docume t -ay a'' F t=e" ;a"ty t ;= t $ ;y at;'a$e ag"eed u; $'#0',5),a) " su;;'y t=e" ;a"ty F%t= a ;= t $ ;y

< d $u-e t $'#0',5),<)• Pe"-%tted Use < D%s$ !e"ed D $u-e ts

o Ru'eGe e"a''y

1/@ | P a g e



• I-;'%ed u de"ta % g t t use d%s$ !e"ed d $u-e t < " a y;u"; se t=e" t=a tBe liti6atio i BicB it is disclosedEsso , Co 7irmed i ear e)

E $e;t%• C u"t $a a'' F use % >s;e$%a' $%"$u-sta $es? !e"y =%g=

sta da"d t= ug=o E te s% < t=e Ru'e

T=%s "u'e e te ds t ;'ead% gs9 a sFe"s t % te"" gat "%es9d $u-e ta"y F%t ess state-e ts a d -ate"%a' ;" !%ded u de" 0;a"ty d%s$ !e"y Am<rid6e

o I< D $u-e ts a"e M%sused&olicitors -ay &e '%a&'e < " $ te-;t < $ u"t

DE,AULT IN DISCO ER4

!E A"LT• ,%"st ,a%'u"e t D%s$ !e"

o I<9art: ? 7ails to ma e discover: i 9eriod set> otBer 9art: ma: serveo 9art: ? otice orm $'!8 Notice o7 de7ault i discover: $'#1$#1,$)

• ,a%'u"e t D%s$ !e" A<te" &e% g Se"!ed N t%$e < De<au'to I< ;a"ty <a%'s t -a e d%s$ !e"y % @ days a<te" t%$e % de<au't &e% g se"!ed:

P" $eed% gs - a: <e dismissed $'#1$#1,(),a)ORDKs de7e ce ma: <e struc out $'#1$#1,(),<)

o

C u"t F%'' 'y % te"!e e %< &e=a!% u" =as a- u ted t a atte-;t t ;e"!e"tt=e $ u"se < ust%$e Eames i /cCa<e• C u"t $a Late" a"y

o C u"t -ay set as%de " !a"y a "de" -ade u de" $'#1$#1,() $'#1$#1,+)

DOCUMENT DESTRUCTION

INTR !"CTI N• 2 A$ts

o L at & t= < t=e a$ts

CRI/E& ACT &$54,1)• Ru'e

o 3%'' &e gu%'ty < a % d%$ta&'e <<e $e a d '%a&'e t 'e!e' 6 %-;"%s -e t 75yea"s) " <% e " & t=9 %<:

t=ey dest" y " $ $ea' " "e de"s %t %''eg%&'e9 u de$%;=e"a&'e "% $a;a&'e < %de t%<%$at% K "%< t=ey e ;"ess'y9 ta$%t'y " %-;'%ed'y aut= "%ses " ;e"-%ts a t=e";e"s t d s

o Re@uires me s rea• Aut= "%ty

1/( | P a g e



o Crimes Act &$54,1) ,I serted <: Crimes ,!ocume t !estructio ) Act$00+)

E%I!ENCE ,/I&CELLANE "& PR %I&I N&) ACT• Ru'e

o I< a d $u-e t %s u a!a%'a&'e < " a y "eas 7de'%&e"ate " t) udges $a

F:St"% e ut $'a%-s -'3,$),d)Re!e"se t=e us < ;" < -'3,$),e) Assu-e t=at $e"ta% <a$ts a"e t"ue -'3,$),a)A y t=e" t=% g t=e C u"t t=% s %s a;;" ;"%ate

o a!e t &a'a $e e<<e$t ;a"ty F= $ u'd =a!e used e!%de $e -'C,<) #"eas < " %ts u a!a%'a&%'%ty-'C,a)

o No eed to 9rove me s rea

1/* | P a g e



NON0PART4 AND PRELIMINAR4 DISCO ER4

W AT I& IT• D%s$ t ID a D• D%s$ t esta&'%s= F=et=e" t sue a ;" s;e$t%!e D• D%s$ <" - a 0;a"ty

DISCO ER4 TO IDENTI,4 A DE,ENDANT

I!ENTI 2 A !E EN!ANT• C te t

o P Fs F=at COA =e Fa ts t sue < "9 &ut d es ?t F t=e %de t%ty < t=e D• 3=e Ca %t +e Used

o 3=e"e a a;;'%$a t =as -ade "eas a&'e e Hu%"%es a d %s u a&'e t %de t%<y aD t &"% g ;" $eed% gs aga% st ($#0$,1),a)AND

o It a;;ea"s t=at a ;e"s =as "e'e!a t d $u-e ts " F'edge t ass%st su$=%de t%<%$at%($#0$,1),<)

• Ru'eo I< a& !e %s sat%s<%ed:

T=e C u"t -ay "de" a;;'%$a t t : ($#0$,$)• ,a) -a e d%s$ !e"y < d $u-e ts• ,<) atte d $ u"tK OR• ,c) atte d a "a' e a-% at%

DISCO ER4 O, A PROSPECTI E DE,ENDANT

PR &PECTI%E !E EN!ANT• C te t

o P uses t=%s t esta&'%s= F=et=e" =e =as a su<<%$%e t'y st" g $'a%- t %ssue;" $eed% gs aga% st a ; te t%a' D

o O<te used % -ed%$a' eg'%ge $e $ases t !%eF -ed%$a' "e$ "ds• Ru'e

o C u"t -ay "de" d%s$ !e"y < d $u-e t"eas a&'e $ause t &e'%e!e t=at t=e"e -ay &e a "%g=t t &ta% "e'%e<<" - a D ($#05,a)a<te" -a % g "eas a&'e % Hu%"%es9 su<<%$%e t % < "-at% t a!a%'a&'et P t de$%de F=et=e" t $ --e $e ;" $eed% gs " tK ($#05,<) ANDt=e"e %s "eas a&'e $ause t &e'%e!e t=at D =as ; ssess% <d $u-e ts ($#05,c)

11/ | P a g e



DISCO ER4 ,ROM A NON0PART4

!I&C %ER2 R / A N N;PART2 • Ru'e

o C u"t -ay "de" a o ;9art: t ma e discover: < d $u-e ts %< a"e li el:to <e i 9ossessio o7 docume ts releva t t a Huest% % t=e;" $eed% gs ($#0.

• P" < ReHu%"edo Pa"ty see % g d%s$ !e" <" - a 0;a"ty -ust s= F &y a<<%da!%t % su;; "t

t=at %t %s '% e'y t=at t=e 0;a"ty =as % t=e%" ; ssess% d $u-e ts F=%$="e'ate t a Huest% % t=e ;" $eed% g

• P" $edu"eo NP %s "eHu%"ed t se"!e a AOD a d g%!e % s;e$t% t=e usua' Fay

• P"a$t%$eo Des;%te F%de s$ ;e < "u'e9 $ u"ts te d t "est"%$t 0;a"ty d%s$ !e"y t

$ases uts%de t=e "d% a"y9 F=e"e su$= a % t"us% % t t=e a<<a%"s < ast"a ge" t t=e '%t%gat% %s e$essa"y

o 0 % 2 could also as7 for a Su&poena to get them to &ring the document tocourt

111 | P a g e



INTERROGATORIES9 NOTICES TO ADMIT9 SU+POENAS

INTERROGATORIES

W AT I& IT• Se"%es < Huest% s de'%!e"ed &y e ;a"ty t a t=e" ;a"ty9 F=%$= t=e t=e"s ;a"ty

%s "eHu%"ed t a sFe" u de" at=

C NTE?T• uest% F%'' g%!e a set < <a$ts a d a '%st < I te"s9 a d as F=%$= < t= se I te"s

-ust &e a sFe"ed 7' at s$ ;e)

&ER%IN* INTERR *AT RIE&• , "-a'%t%es

o Ru'eA y ;a"ty -ay se"!e % te"" gat "%es o a otBer 9art:> relati 6 toa : @uestio <et ee tBem i tBe 9roceedi 6 (0#0$,1)Must &e a %ssue % d%s;ute

o T%-% g3=e P'ead% gs a"e C' sed

• I te"s ma: <e served itBout leave o7 court (0#0$,$)3=e P'ead% gs a"e NOT C' sed

• C u"t -ay "de" an" (art" serve i terro6atories o a :

otBer 9art: (0#0$,()o ,u"t=e" I te"s

C u"t -ay g"a t 'ea!e t % te"" gat% g ;a"ty t se"!e <u"t=e"% te"" gat "%es (0#0$,4)

• S$ ;eo uest% +etFee Pa"t%es % P" $eed% g

Ru'e• MUST "e'ate t a Huest% &etFee t=e ;a"t%es % t=e ;" $eed% g

3%t ess C"ed%&%'%ty• NOT e ug= t -e"e'y "e'ate t F%t ess $"ed%&%'%ty

Su$$eed NOT Me"e'y Ass%st• NOT e ug= t=at t=e % < "-at% s ug=t -ay % d%"e$t'y ass%st a

$ase9 -ust "e'ate t -atte"s t=at -ust &e ;" !ed % "de" tsu$$eed % t=e $'a%- " de<e $e

o Na-es < 3%t essesCa NOT &e used t as$e"ta% a-es < F%t esses9 u 'ess t= se a-esa"e t=e-se'!es -ate"%a' <a$ts

o E!%de $eCa NOT &e used t as$e"ta% e!%de $e t=e t=e" ;a"ty % te ds t $a''

AN&WERIN* INTERR *AT RIE&• T%-% g

112 | P a g e



o Pa"ty % te"" gated =as 2 days t <%'e a d se"!e tBeir res9o se <: a77idavit(0#04,<)

• S u"$es < A s ers 7or a I terro6ated Part:o Ru'e

A sFe" <" - o led6e o7 tBe 7act or matter <ei 6 i @uireda<out (0#05,1),a)

o I< I te"" gated Pa"ty d es NOT =a!e F'edgeRu'e

• Pa"ty s=a'' a sFe" <" - a y &e'%e< t=e ;a"ty =as as t t=e <a$t "-atte" % Hu%"ed a<te"9 %""es;e$t%!e < t=e s u"$e < t=e % < "-at%

F=%$= t=e &e'%e< %s < "-ed (0#05,1),c)NO 3elie7

• S=a'' &e ta e t t =a!e a &e'%e< as t t=e <a$t " -atte" F=e"e:(0#05,1),<)

o T=e ;a"ty =as % < "-at% "e'at% g t t=e <a$t " -atte" F=%$= t < "- a &e'%e<

ORo 3=e"e9 %< t=e ;a"ty =as su$= % < "-at% 9 t=e ;a"ty =as

&e'%e< 7&ased "eas a&'e $ause) t=at t=e % < "-at% %st"ue

E $e;t% : P"%!%'ege• N eed t a sFe" F=e"e &e'%e< is 7ormed o tBe <asis o7

9rivile6ed i 7ormatio (0#05,1),d)Reas a&'e E Hu%"%es t , "- +e'%e<

• 3=e"e ;a"ty =as o 9erso al o led6e s=a'' -a e "eas a&'e% Hu%"%es t < "- &e'%e<(0#05,1),e)

3 ECTI N& T AN&WER• Ru'e

o Pa"ty s=a'' a sFe" ea$= % te"" gat "y e $e;t t t=e e te t %t -ay &e & e$ted t a y < < '' F% g g" u ds:

does N T relate to a : @uestio &etFee t=e ;a"t%es (0#0.,1),a)%su clear " va6ue " %stoo ide (0#0.,1),<)%so99ressive 7t =a"d t a sFe") (0#0.,1),c)"eHu%"es t=e ;a"ty t ex9ress a o9i io BicB tBe 9art: is ot@uali7ied t g%!e (0#0.,1),d)

9rivile6e (0#0.,1),e)

!E A"LT• ,a%' t A sFe" I te"s

o 3=e"e ;a"ty <a%'s t a sFe" % te"" gat "%es9 $ u"t -ay "de" t=at t=ey &e;" !%ded (0#0'

• ,a%' t C -;'y F%t= C u"t O"de"o I< d t $ -;'y F%t= $ u"t "de"9 , "-8/A >De<au't N t%$e? $a &e se"!ed u de"

(0#0'#1,$)• ,a%' t C -;'y F%t= De<au't N t%$e

o I< F%t=% @ days < t=%s t%$e &e% g se"!ed9 % te"" gat "%es a"e t a sFe"ed$ u"t -ay 8

=A%E T E PR CEE!IN* !I&/I&&E! 9 I, PLAINTI I& IN!E A"LT (0#0'#1,(),a)

118 | P a g e



=A%E T E !E ENCE &TR"CH "T 9 I, !E EN!ANT I& IN!E A"LT (0#0'#1,(),<)

N t%$es t ad-%t

W AT I& IT• Pa"ty se ds NTA t Pa"ty 4 s;e$%<y% g <a$ts t &e ad-%tted Pa"ty 4 -ust d%s;ute

a y <a$ts %t d es t ad-%t9 " t=ey F%'' &e ta e t &e ad-%tted

N TICE R A!/I&&I N ACT&• Ru'e

o A ;a"ty -ay se"!e a t=e" ;a"ty a t%$e < " ad-%ss% < <a$ts 7N,AO,)• N,AO,

o D $ stat% g t=at u 'ess t=e" ;a"ty d%s;utes t=e <a$ts s;e$%<%ed % t=e t%$e9t=at ;a"ty s=a''9 < " t=e ;u"; se < t=e ;" $eed% g 'y9 &e ta e t ad-%tt= se <a$ts (5#0(,1)

o A N TICE R A!/I&&I N & ALL 3E IN R/ (5A (5#0(,4)• T%-% g

o N,AO, F%'' s;e$%<y a t%-e ;e"% d % F=%$= t=e t=e" ;a"ty -ust "es; d t=e-% %-u- t%-e ;e"% d %s 1 days (5#0(,1)

• Res; d% g t a N,AO,o D%s;ut% g

I< d%s;ut% g t=e <a$t9 d%s;ut% g ;a"ty -ust se"!e a N TICE

!I&P"TEN t%$e t d%s;ute ad-%ss% IN R/ (53 (5#0(,4)o Ad-%tt% g a ,a$t ,a%'% g t Res; d

Ru'e• I< ;a"ty d es NOT d%s;ute WIT IN T E TI/E PERI !>

PART2 & ALL 3E TAHEN T A!/IT T AT ACT (5#0(,$)3%t=d"aFa' < I-;'%ed Ad-%ss%

• 3%t= 'ea!e < t=e $ u"t9 a PART2 /A2 WIT !RAW ANA!/I&&I N TAHEN T 3E A%E 3EEN I/PLIE! 32

AIL"RE T !I&P"TE (5#0(,()

N TICE R A!/I&&I N ! C"/ENT• ItYs t=e Sa-e9 &"

o E a$t'y t=e sa-e as a& !e F%t= a'' se$t% s 85./5 % stead < 85./8

C &T C N&E="ENCE&• 3=e"e D%s;uted ,a$t %s P" !ed (5#0+

o 3=e"e a ;a"ty se"!es a otice u de" Rule (5#0(,$) or (5#05,$) dis9uti 6a 7act or tBe autBe ticit: o7 a docume t a d a7ter ards t=at <a$t "d $u-e t %s 9roved % t=e ;" $eed% g9 '%a&%'%ty < "costs s=a'' &e dete"-% ed% a$$ "da $e F%t= Rule +(#1-

11 | P a g e



• 3=at D es t=at Meao I< a ;a"ty d%s;utes a <a$t F=%$= %s ;" !ed 'ate"9 t=at d%s;ut% g ;a"ty F%'' =a!e

t ;ay t=e $ sts < ;" !% g t=e <a$t• C -;a"e NTA F%t= I te"s

o I< y u use NTA % stead < I te"s9 a d t=e <a$t %s d%s;uted &ut t=e ;" !e 9t=e y u get t=e $ sts < ;" !% g &a$

o 4 u d Yt get $ sts F%t= I te"s

115 | P a g e



Su&; e as

W AT I& IT• P" $ess used t $ -;e' a ;e"s t atte d t"%a' as a F%t ess9 " t ;" du$e

d $u-e ts t t=e $ u"t

R"LE AN! R/ALITIE&• I %t%a' Stu<<

o F t S;e'' Su&; e aL% e t=%s: Su&; e a

o MUST &e C --e $ed &y 3"%tCa NL2 3E "&E! IN CA&E& W IC A%E 3EENC //ENCE! 32 A WRIT 4$#01

• Ru'eo I a y ;" $eed% g9 t=e C u"t9 &y su&; e a9 -ay "de" t=e add"essee t :

Atte d t=e C u"t t g%!e e!%de $e 4$#0$,1),a)P" du$e a y d $u-e t 7 " $ ;y < %t) " t=% g < " e!%de $e 4$#0$,1),<)+ t= 4$#0$,1),c)

• , "-o Must &e % a$$ "da $e F%t= R/ 4$A 4$#0(,1)o S=a'' t &e add"essed t - "e t=a e ;e"s 4$#0(,$)o &u<9oe a to 9roduce S ALL IDENTI,4 T E DOCUMENT OR T ING TO +E

PRODUCED 4$#0(,4),a) a d s;e$%<y t%-e9 date a d ;'a$e < " ;" du$t%

4$#0(,4),<)o &u<9oe a to 6ive evide ce S ALL SPECI,4 TIME9 DATE AND PLACE ,OR

ATTENDANCE 4$#0(,5)Date s;e$%<%ed s=a'' &e date < t"%a' " a y t=e" date as "de"ed &y t=eC u"t 4$#0(,+)

• Su&; e a t P" du$e D $u-e tso D ?t =a!e t atte d t"%a' F%t= su&; e aed d $u-e ts %< t=ey a"e ;" du$ed t

$ u"t "eg%st"y 8 days &e< "e date s;e$%<%ed % su&; e a 4$#0+

&ER%ICE &"3P ENA• Se"!%$e

o Pe"s a''yMust &e &ER%E! PER& NALL2 ON T E ADDRESSEE 4$#05,1)

o T%-% gMust &e se"!ed 5 days ;"% " t F=e atte da $e %s "eHu%"ed 4$#05,1)

o C du$t M eyRu'e

• C du$t - ey -ust &e g%!e T A!!RE&&EE 4$#0+,1)3=at %s %t

•

M ey t $ !e" "eas a&'e e ;e ses < " atte d% g• N T PA2/ENT R TE&TI/ N2

,a%'u"e t Pay C du$t M ey

116 | P a g e



• A add"essee eed t $ -;'y F%t= "eHu%"e-e ts < su&; e a tg%!e e!%de $e u 'es & C N!"CT / NE2 A& 3EEN

AN!E! TEN!ERE! T A!!RE&& A REA& NA3LE TI/E3E RE !A2 N W IC ATTEN!ANCE I& RE="IRE!4$#0+,1)

&ET A&I!E &"3P ENA• Ru'e

o Ca a;;'y t set as%de su&; e a %< %t %s: 4$#0$AN A+USE O, PROCESSKOPPRESSI EK ORNOT ,OR LEGITIMATE ,ORENSIC PURPOSE

• N t < " Leg%t , "e s%$ Pu"; seo It %s t 'eg%t%-ate t use a su&; e a t &ta% F=at F u'd % e<<e$t &e

d%s$ !e"y < d $u-e ts <" - a 0;a"ty F= %s t '%a&'e t -a e d%s$ !e"y&mall

AILIN* T C /PL2 WIT A &"3P ENA• C te-;t

o ,a%'u"e t $ -;'y F%t= ut 'aF<u' e $use %s $ te-;t < $ u"t 4$# 1$• Da-ages

o May a's &e '%a&'e < " da-ages t t=e ;a"ty F= %ssued t=e su&; e a9 %< t=e;e"s su&; e aed %s a -ate"%a' F%t ess

11@ | P a g e



11) I te"' $ut "y P" $edu"eW AT I& IT

• I terlocutor: orders a99l: <e7ore Gud6me t to 9reserve tBe status @uo9e di 6 7i al determi atio

o !o N T 7i all: determi e tBe ri6Bts o7 tBe 9arties• Preve t 7i al relie7 7rom <ei 6 u dermi ed <e7ore Gud6me t• I $'ude:

o I u $t% sI te"%- 7% t=e -ea t%-e)A t P%''e" 7Sea"$=)Ma"e!a 7,"ee e)

o Se$u"%ty < " C sts

C NTE?T• uest% F%'' as F=at ;t% s e ;a"ty =as &e< "e udg-e t

E?A/ &TR"CT"RE• I t" C"a;• A<<%da!%t• I te"' $ut "y

INTR CRAP

*ENERAL IN R/ATI N• I t" du$t%

o D t dete"-% e t=e "%g=ts < ;a"t%es9 " a yt=% g "e: t=e $ause < a$t% t=ey dea' F%t= su&s%d%a"y -atte"s

o Ge e"a''y ;"ese"!e t=e status Hu ;e d% g <% a' dete"-% at%o P"e!e t <% a' "e'%e< <" - &e% g u de"-% ed &y ste;s ta e ;"% " t t"%a'

• ea"% go e'd % a ;"a$t%$e $ u"t

PR CE&& R &TARTIN* INTERL C"T R2 PR CE!"RE&• Su-- s

o Ru'ePa"ty -a % g a IP -ust < ile a summo s 4+#01,a)

o , "-Must &e % < "- 6A 4+#04,1)

o ,%'e t 3=A;;'%$at% -ade t Judge

• ,%'e itB tBe ProtBo otar: 4+#04,$),a)

A;;'%$at% -ade t Ass $%ate Judge• ,%'e itB tBe Associate 4+#04,$),<)

• Se"!%$eo Ru'e

11( | P a g e



T=e su-- s "eHu%"es "d% a"y se"!%$e 7u 'ess &e< "e a;;ea"a $e)F=%$= -ust &e sea'ed a d su;; "ted &y a a<<%da!%t < su;; "t45#05,1)

o T%-% gSe"!%$e -ust &e $ -;'eted F%t=% a "eas a&'e t%-e &e< "e t=e day < "=ea"% g 7 'ate" t=a 2;- t=e day &e< "e)

• C u"t D%s$"et%o C u"t $a set as%de " !a"y a "de" F=e"e:

A;;'%$at% Fas -ade &ut t=e ;e"s d%d NOT atte d t=e =ea"% g < t=ea;;'%$at% 4+#0-,1)ORA;;'%$at% Fas NOT -ade t%$e t t=at ;e"s 4+#0-,$)

A I!A%IT•

I t" du$t%o A'' IPs eed a a<<%da!%t F=%$= %s esse t%a''y t=e e!%de $e < " t=e IP

• , "-a'%t%eso ,%"st Pe"s

A<<%da!%t -ust &e -ade % t=e <%"st ;e"s 4(#01,1)o Add"ess

Must state add"ess 4(#01,$)I< add"ess %s u F 9 -ay state ;'a$e < &us% ess # ; s%t% =e'd% stead 4(#01,()

o O$$u;at%

Must state $$u;at% 4(#01,$)I< t=ey d Yt =a!e e9 $a state des$"%;t% < t=e de; e t % stead4(#01,$)

o Pa"ag"a;=sS= u'd &e d%!%ded % t 9ara6ra9Bs a d um<ered co secutivel: 9a d disti ctl: 4(#01,4)

o S%g edS=a'' &e si6 ed &y t=e de; e t 7;e"s F= &"% gs t=e a<<%da!%t)4(#01,5)Ea$= ;age s= u'd &e si6 ed <: tBe 9erso <e7ore Bom it iss or 4(#01,+)

T=at ;e"s -ust rite t:9e or stam9 si6 ature 9 a d F"%te =%s "=e" ame a d address a d state-e t < ca9acit: 4(#01,.)

• C te to ,a$ts a d +e'%e<s

A<<%da!%t s=a'' &e $ <% ed t 7acts F=%$= t=e de; e t %s a&'e t statei Bis o o led6e 4(#0(,1)/a: co tai a stateme t o7 7act <ased o i 7ormatio F <elie7 %<t=e s u"$es g" u ds < t=e &e'%e< a"e $'ea"'y set ut 4(#0(,$)

• I< g" u ds t set ut <a$ts &ased &e'%e<s a"e % ad-%ss%&'eo D $u-e ts Re<e""ed t % %t

!ocume t re7erred to % a a<<%da!%tsBall ot <e a exed &ut -ay&e "e<e""ed t as a exBi<it 4(#0+,1)

11* | P a g e



E =%&%t $a &e %de t%<%ed &y se;a"ate $e"t%<%$ate a e ed &ea"% g sa-e=ead% g as a<<%da!%t 4(#0+,$)

• Ce"t%<%$ate s=a'' &e % orm 4(A 4(#0+,()• ,%'% g

o Must &e ,%'edA<<%da!%tCAN 3E "&E! I IT A&NST 3EEN8 4(#0',1)

• <%'ed4(#0',1),a)OR

• se"!ed " <%'ed % $ -;'%a $e F%t= a "de" "e: %ts se"!%$e " <%'% g4(#0',1),<)

o ,%'ed t 3=May &e <%'ed F%t= P" t= ta"y " ;" ;e" <<%$e" % $ u"t 4(# 0',$)

I u $t% s

W AT I& IT• E@uita<le orders made itB tBe 9ur9ose o7 re6ulati 6 tBe 9ositio

<et ee tBe 9arties i a actio 9e di 6 trial• T:9es8

o I terlocutor: ,i terim)o i al ,7i al)o Ex Parte , itB o l: 1 9art: 9rese t)o /a dator: ,ma e someo e do sometBi 6)o ProBi<itor: ,9reve t someo e 7rom doi 6 sometBi 6)

*ENERAL CRAP• T%-% g

o C u"t -ay g"a t a % u $t% at a y stage % a ;" $eed% g9 " &e< "e$ --e $e-e t < a ;" $eed% g 7;"% " t ;" $eed% g % u"ge t $ases 'y)(-#01

o I< % u $t% g"a ted ;"% " t ;" $eed% g9 t=e $ u"t -ay "eHu%"e au de"ta % g t=at ;" $eed% gs &e $ --e ded 4#0-

• N t%$eo C u"t -ay g"a t a % u $t% F%t= ut t%$e 7u"ge t $ases 'y) (-#0$

INTERI/ IN "NCTI N• 3=at %s %t

o I u $t% F%t= a s= "t ;e"at% ;e"% do Used F=e t=e"e %s a u"ge t eed t ;" te$t t=e status Hu

• ReHu%"e-e ts , eed all ()o 1) T=e"e %s a se"% us Huest% t &e t"%ed

P"e!% us'y F as a P, $aseo 2 ) !ama6es are ot ade@uate

I u $t% F%'' NOT &e g"a ted %< t=e ;a"ty see % g a % u $t% =assu<<%$%e t "e-edy a!a%'a&'e at 'aFo 8 ) TBe <ala ce o7 co ve ie ce 7avours 6ra ti 6 a i terlocutor:

i Gu ctio

12/ | P a g e



C u"t F%'' $ s%de":• I co ve ie ce a d BardsBi9 t t=e ;a"t%es < g"a t% g• A y ac@uiesce ce dela: ;a"t < t=e a;;'%$a t ,dela: ill

<e 7atal)o EHu%ta&'e "e-edy "eHu%"ed >$'ea =a ds?

• 3=et=e" t=e $'a%- %s 7rivolous or vexatious• !esira<ilit: o7 9reservi 6 status @uo " ;"e!e t% g

%""e;a"a&'e % u"y ;e d% g <u'' t"%a'

IN "NCTI N N C N!ITI N &EC"RIT2 R C &T&• Ge e"a' Ru'e

o Ea$= ;a"ty s=a'' &ea" t=e%" F $ sts < t=e % te"' $ut "y a;;'%$at% u 'esst=e C u"t "de"s t=e"F%se +(#$0

• E $e;t% : I u $t% C d%t% < Se$u"%ty < " C stso May g"a t % u $t% $ d%t% t=at ;a"ty a;;'y% g g%!e se$u"%ty < " $ sts

a d e ;e ses < a y ;e"s a<<e$ted (-#0(,$)o St%'' "eHu%"es t=e usua' u de"ta % g as t da-ages

• C sts su<<e"ed &y a TPo May -a e "de" < " t=e ;ay-e t 7% <%"st % sta $e9 " <% a''y) < $ sts a d

e ;e ses < a y ;e"s t &e% g a ;a"ty F= -%g=t &e a<<e$ted &y t=e g"a t< a % u $t% (-#0(,()

Sea"$= O"de"s 7>A t P%''e"? O"de"s)

W AT I& IT• I Gu ctio tBat allo s a99lica t to e ter res9o de ts 9remises to i s9ect>

co9:> detai or sei e docume ts 9ro9ert: i tBe res9o de ts 9ossessio

C NTE?T• Used F=e"e t=e"e %s a =%g= $=a $e t=e % < "-at% F%'' &e dest" yed9 =%dde "

- !ed !e"seas• A'Fays -ade e ;a"te 7as %< t=e "es; de t eF a& ut %t9 t=ey F u'd =%de t=e

% < "-at% )

*ENERAL IN• T%-% g

o Ca &e "de"ed du"% g9 " % a t%$%;at% <9 ;" $eed% gs (.3#0$,1)• E Pa"te

o Ca &e "de"ed F%t= ut t%$e t t=e "es; de t (.3#0$,1)• Pe"-%t E t"a $e

o Res; de t $a &e "eHu%"ed t ;e"-%t ;e"s s t e te" < " t=e ;u"; se <se$u"% g " ;"ese"!% g e!%de $e F=%$= -ay &e "e'e!a t t a %ssue % t=e;" $eed% g (.3#0$,1)

• , "-o S=a'' &e ;e" R/ (.3A (.3#0$,$)

RE="IRE/ENT&

121 | P a g e



• ReHu%"e-e ts < " a G"a t < a Sea"$= O"de": 7;e" A t P%''e"9 - d%<%ed &y SPR)o Extremel: stro 6 9rima 7acie case ON ACCRUED CAUSE O, ACTION

(.3#0(,1),a) AN<o Pote tial actual loss or dama6e TO APPLICATION 3ILL +E SERIOUS I,

NOT GRANTED (.3#0(,1),<) AN<o &u77icie t evide ce T AT RESPONDENT P &&E&&E& I/P RTANT

E%I!ENCE (.#0(,1),c),i) AN<o Real 9ossi<ilit: RESPONDENT /I* T !E&TR 2 SUC

MATERIAL /AHE "NA%AILA3LE (.3#0(,1),c),ii)• I-;'%ed U de"ta % g

o A;;'%$a t -a es a %-;'%ed u de"ta % g t t=e $ u"t t "e<"a% <" - us% g t=ed $u-e ts < " a y $ ''ate"a' u'te"% " ;u"; se

• A<<%da!%t % Su;; "to Ru'e

A;;'%$a t -ust ;" !%de a'' < t=%s "eHu%"ed % < "-at% % a a<<%da!%t(.3#0(,$)

o A<<%da!%t MUST INCL"!E8!escri9tio o7 tBi 6s to <e sei ed (.3#0(,$),a)

• Ca 'y se% e F=at %s % t=e s$=edu'e < %te-sAddress a d locatio < t=e ;"e-%ses (.3#0(,$),<)

• 3=et=e" t=e"e %s a !u' e"a&'e ;e"s '%!% g t=e"e 7F -a 9 u de"1( " a y t=e" ;e"s due t 'a guage -e ta' % <%"-%ty)(.3#0(,$),7)

Reaso s "de" %s s ug= a d F=et=e" t=e"e %s a "ea' ; ss%&%'%tye!%de $e F%'' &e dest" yed -a e u a!a%'a&'e (.3#0(,$),c)

Loss or dama6e t &e su<<e"ed %< "de" %s NOT -ade (.3#0(,$),d)• C u"t A;; % ted S '%$%t "

o C u"t must a99oi t a i de9e de t solicitor t su;e"!%se t=e e e$ut%< t=e sea"$= "de" (.3#0+,1)

o P -ust u de"ta e t ;ay t=e i de9e de t solicitorKs reaso a<le costsa d dis<urseme ts (.3#0(,()

• U de"ta % g as t Da-ageso Ru'e

A;;'%$a t -ust a's -a e t=e usua' u de"ta % g as t da-ageso E a-;'e

T=e a;;'%$a t9 &y %ts $ u se'9 u de"ta es t t=e $ u"t t=at %t F%'' a&%de&y a y "de" F=%$= t=e $ u"t -ay -a e as t da-ages9 s= u'd t=e$ u"t dete"-% e t=at t=e "es; de t =as su<<e"ed a y da-age &y"eas < t=%s "de" F=%$= t=e a;;'%$a t ug=t t ;ay

,"ee % g O"de"s 7>Ma"e!a I u $t% s?)

W AT I& IT• I Gu ctio tBat 9reve ts ! or TP 7rom dis9osi 6 o7 assets> removi 6 tBem

7rom tBe Gurisdictio or deali 6 itB dimi isBi 6 tBe value o7 tBem

C NTE?T

122 | P a g e



• Used F=e"e ;" ;e"ty %s % a t=e"?s ; ssess% a d t=at ;e"s -ay se''9 - !e9d%s; se <9 d%-% %s= !a'ue < t=e t=at ;" ;e"ty

*ENERAL IN• T%-% g

o Ca &e "de"ed a :time a7ter 9roceedi 6s Bave <ee issued (.A#0$,1)• E Pa"te

o Ca &e "de"ed F%t= " F%t= ut t%$e t t=e "es; de t (.A#0$,1)• TPs

o C u"t -ay -a e <"ee % g "de" aga% st a "es; de t9 F=et=e" " t t=ey a"e;a"ty t ;" $eed% gs (.A#04

o Ca &e -ade e parte aga% st a TP• Pu"; se

o G%!e < " t=e 9ur9ose o7 9reve ti 6 tBe 7rustratio or i Bi<itio o7 tBeCourtKs 9rocess t ;"e!e t t=e udg-e t &e% g ;a"t'y " F= ''y u sat%s<%ed(.A#0$,1)

• , "-o May &e % orm (.AA (.A#0$,()o MUST =a!e a<<%da!%t % su;; "t atta$=ed

• Da-ages U de"ta % go P -ust -a e t=e usua' u de"ta % go N te t=%s =as g"eat e<<e$t9 as t=e da-age < TP t &e% g a&'e t dea' F%t= a

asset -ay &e s%g %<%$a t• Su;"e-e C u"t < %$ N te < ,"ee % g O"de"s

o Gu%de t $ s%ste t a;;'%$at% < t=e "u'eso T=%s "de" %s >e t"a "d% a"y?

L%-%ted t assets u; t t=e '% e'y -a %-u- < Ps $'a%-Must a'' F < " D t -a e "-a' e ;e d%tu"e

E ECT• C u"t $a :

o Preve t t=e "es; de t <" - removi 6 tBe asset <" - Aust"a'%a(.A#0$,1)OR

o ," - dis9osi 6> deali 6 itB> or dimi isBi 6 tBe value < t= se assets(.A#0$,1)

• P" ;e"ty R%g=tso D t $"eate ;" ;e"ty "%g=ts % t=e assets " g%!e y u g"eat ER RI* T T

A&&ET& T AN AN2 NE EL&E

A I!A%IT IN &"PP RT REE IN* R!ER ,/"&T INCL"!E T E LL WIN*)• I < "-at% a& ut Judg-e t C'a%-

o I 7ormatio a<out Gud6me t T AT AS +EEN O+TAINED (.A#0$,5),a)o I< udg-e t &ta% ed IN R/ATI N A3 "T CA"&E ACTI N :

3asis o7 claim ,OR SU+STANTI E RELIE, (.A#0$,5),a),i)Amou t O, CLAIM (.A#0$,5),a),ii)I< a;;'%$at% -ade F%t= ut t%$e t R9 APPLICANTK& HN WLE!*E

AN2 P &&I3LE !E ENCE (.A#0$,5),a),iii)

128 | P a g e



• R?s Assetso Nature a d value o7 RKs assets 9 SO ,AR AS T E4 ARE NO3N TO

APPLICANT 7IN AND OUTSIDE AUSTRALIA) (.A#0$,5),<)• T=%"d Pa"t%es A<<e$ted

o Ide tit: o7 a : otBer 9erso 3 O MA4 +E A,,ECTED +4 ,REEBINGORDER (.A#0$,5),d)

• Da ge" < t=e Pe"s C t" ''% g Assets Dea'% g F%t= t=e-o 3=et=e" t=e"e %s a da 6er tBat tBe Gud6me t ill <e Boll: or 9artl:

u satis7ied (.A#05+e$ause t=e ;e"s $ t" ''% g t=e assets -ay:

• a&s$ d (.A#05,4),a)• "e- !e t=e assets <" - Aust"a'%a (.A#05,4),<),ii)• dea' F%t= t=e- su$= t=at !a'ue d%-% %s=es (.A#05,4),<),ii)

o M "e '% e'y t &e t=e $ase %< t=e "es; de t =as &us% ess % t=e" u"%sd%$t% s/areva

!I&C AR*E• Ru'e

o C u"t $a !I&C AR*E A REE IN* R!ER IN CERTAINCIRC"/&TANCE& ,E#*# C "RT /I&LE!> CIRC"/&TANCE& A%EC AN*E!)

Se$u"%ty < " C sts ,L H R P &&I3LE P IN& L%ENC2)

W AT I& IT• ! ca a99l: 7or a order tBat P 6ive securit: 7or !s costs> Bere tBere is a

ris tBat ! mi6Bt Bave o reaso a<le 9ros9ect o7 recoveri 6 tBeir costs> i7tBe: i

C NTE?T• C%"$u-sta $es t=at suggest P -ay t &e% g a&'e t ;ay Ds $ sts:

o P %s t % %$o P -ay &e$ -e % s '!e t &a "u;t

*ENERAL R"LE• Ru'e

o D $a a;;'y < " a "de" t=at P g%!e se$u"%ty < " Ds $ sts9 F=e"e t=e"e %s a "%st=at D -%g=t =a!e "eas a&'e ;" s;e$t < "e$ !e"% g t=e%" $ sts9 %< t=eya"e u't%-ate'y su$$ess<u' rder +$

• May &e O"de"ed 3=e"e:o P %s NOT % %$

P "d% a"%'yRE&I!E& "T %ICT RIA +$#0$,1),a)o P Sues < " A t=e" a d =as I su<<%$%e t Assets

P %s $ "; "at% 7 t P F= sues % "e;"ese tat%!e $a;a$%ty)9 " sues < "&e e<%t < s -e t=e" ;e"s AND "eas t &e'%e!e P =as % su<<%$%e tassets % IC t ;ay t=e $ sts < D %< s "de"ed +$#0$,1),<)

o Sa-e C'a%- Pe d% g

12 | P a g e



P" $eed% g &y P % a t=e" $ u"t < " sa-e $'a%- %s ;e d% g +$#0$,1),c)

o Issues F%t= Ps Add"essP?s add"ess %s t stated $ ""e$t'y " t stated % OP +$#0$,1),d)P =as $=a ged add"ess s% $e &eg% % g < ;" $eed% gs t a! %d$ seHue $es +$#0$,1),e)

AIL"RE T *I%E &EC"RIT2 • 3=e"e P D es NOT g%!e Se$u"%ty

o E<<e$tC u"t MA4 d%s-%ss T E P& CLAI/ +$#04

o D%s$"et% a"yIt %s u't%-ate'y d%s$"et% a"y, '' F% g <a$t "s =a!e &ee ta e % t a$$ u t:

• T=e -ea s < t=e ;e"s s F= sta d &e=% d t=e '%t%gat%•

T=e ;" s;e$ts < su$$ess " t=e -e"%ts• T=e & a <%des < t=e '%t%gat%• I< P %s a %-;e$u % us $ -;a y• 3=et=e" P?s %-;e$u % s%ty %s att"%&uta&'e t t=e D?s $ du$t• 3=et=e" P %s a ;a"ty atta$ ed # %s % esse $e $$u;y% g t=e ; s%t%

< t=e de<e $e• 3=et=e" a "de" F u'd &e ;;"ess%!e• I< %t F u'd st%<'e t=e '%t%gat%• 3=et=e" a ;"e0e %st% g s;e$%a' "e'at% e %sts• 3=et=e" t=e '%t%gat% %s a -atte" < ;u&'%$ %-; "ta $e• 3=et=e" t=e"e =as &ee a ad-%ss% " ;ay-e t % t $ u"t• 3=et=e" t=e"e =as &ee a de'ay % &"% g t=e a;;'%$at%• C sts < e < "$e-e t ;" $edu"es• 3=et=e" ' ss &ea"% g9 ' ss s=a"% g e t%ty %s % ! '!ed• T=e "%s < d%ss%;at% < assetsK a d $ sts

125 | P a g e



12a) D%s; s%t% F%t= ut t"%a'W AT I& IT

• TBe a:s tBat trial ca <e avoided• A99ox# '5 o7 cases do ot 6o to trial

C NTE?T• Fays t=at a a$t% $a &e d%s; sed < F%t= ut t"%a'

o 1) Su--a"y D%s; s%t%De<au't Judg-e t

• De<au't < a;;ea"a $e• De<au't < de<e $e• ,a%'u"e t &ey -eet a "de"

Su--a"y Judg-e t•

, " P• , " D

o 2) D%s-%ssa' < " Fa t < P" se$ut%o 8) D%s$ t% ua $e a d 3%t=d"aFa'o ) Sett'e-e t

• 3%'' a's ' at !e at% us '%t%ga ts

&"//AR2 !I&P &ITI N

W AT I& IT• WBere a de7ault o7 summar: Gud6me t is made itBout tBe eed 7or a trial

C NTE?T• Su--a"y D%s; s%t% I $'udes t=e , '' F% g:

o De<au't Judg-e tDe<au't < a;;ea"a $eDe<au't < de<e $e

,a%'u"e t &ey -eet a "de"o Su--a"y Judg-e t, " P, " D

De<au't Judg-e t

W AT I& IT• WBere Gud6me t is made itBout a trial <ecause tBere is a serious

9rocedural error

C NTE?T

126 | P a g e



• 8 s%tuat% s t=at $a "esu't % de<au't udg-e t:o De<au't < a;;ea"a $eo De<au't < de<e $eo ,a%'u"e t -eet &ey a "de" 7N t e a-% a&'e)

!E A"LT APPEARANCE• C te t

o 3=e"e D d es NOT <%'e a a;;ea"a $e F%t=% t=e t%-e '%-%t• ReHu%"e-e ts

o 3"%tO 'y a;;'%es t ;" $eed% gs $ --e $ed &y F"%t r$1#01,1)

o D d es NOT <%'e a;;ea"a $eD d es NOT <%'e a a;;ea"a $e F%t=% t=e t%-e '%-%ted r$1#01,$)

o N t%$e t P" t= ta"yP g%!es t%$e t P" t= ta"y "eHuest% g t=ey sea"$= < " Ds

a;;ea"a $e r$1#01,(),a)o A<<%da!%t < Se"!%$e

P $a te de" a a<<%da!%t ;" !% g se"!%$e r$1#01,(),<)• E<<e$t

o P -ay a;;'y < " udg-e t % de<au't < a;;ea"a $e aga% st t=e D r$1#01,$)• C u"t May a"y

o C u"t -ay !a"y " set as%de a y udg-e t % de<au't < a;;ea"a $e r$1#0.o D -ust s= F "eas s F=y a;;ea"a $e Fas t <%'ed AND -ust ;ay $ sts

t=" F aFay

!E A"LT !E ENCE ,INCL"!E& !E ENCE T CC)• C te t

o 3=e"e D d es NOT <%'e a de<e $e F%t=% t=e t%-e '%-%t• ReHu%"e-e ts

o D ,a%'s t Se"!e De<e $e De<e $e %s St"u$ OutD <a%'s t se"!e a de<e $e F%t=% t=e t%-e '%-%t9 F=e =e %s "eHu%"ed tr$1#0$,1)ORD <%'es a de<e $e9 &ut %t %s st"u$ ut u de" "2 ./2 < " $ -;'%a $eF%t= "u'es r$1#0$,()

o A<<%da!%t < De<au't % Se"!%$e < De<e $eP -ust te de" a a<<%da!%t < de<au't % se"!%$e < de<e $e r$1#0$,$)

• E<<e$to P -ay a;;'y < " udg-e t % de<au't < de<e $e aga% st t=e D r$1#0$,1)

• De<e $e t CCo I< P d es NOT <%'e a de<e $e t CC9 D $a get de<au't udg-e t r$1#0+

• C u"t May a"yo C u"t -ay !a"y " set as%de a y udg-e t % de<au't < de<e $e r$1#0.o D -ust s= F "eas s a d -e"%ts < de<e $e AND -ust ;ay $ sts t=" F aFay

"!*/ENT N AIL"RE T /EET 3E2 R!ER& R PARTIC"LAR& !I&C %ER2

12@ | P a g e



• St"a%g=t <" - NATS as t e a-% a&'e• 3=e"e a ;'a% t%<< 7ails to serve a &oC itBi tBe time limit " does ot set tBe

9roceedi 6 do < " t"%a' F%t=% 2( days t=e $ u"t -ay "de" t=e 9roceedi 6 to <edismissed $4#01

• 3=e"e a ;a"ty 7ails to com9l: itB a order to 6ive 9articulars " a y ;'ead% g "F%t= a "de" < " d%s$ !e"y " % s;e$t% < d $u-e ts " < " a sFe"s < % te"" gat "%es9t=e C u"t -ay "de":

o t=at t=e ;" $eed% g &e d%s-%ssed $4#0$,a) ORo %< t=e ;a"ty %s a de<e da t9 t=at t=e de<e $e &e st"u$ ut $4#0$,<)

• C u"t =as t=e % =e"e t u"%sd%$t% t d%s-%ss ;" $eed% gs " a de<e $e $4#05o C u"t -ay !a"y " set as%de t=%s udg-e t $4#0+,a)

Su--a"y Judg-e t

W AT I& IT•

WBere Gud6me t is made itBout a trial <ecause tBe otBer 9art: Bas oar6ume t i la or 7act• 3ased o tBe merits o7 tBe claim> ratBer tBa a 9rocedural error

C NTE?T• 3=e"e t=e"e %s a >$'ea" $ut? $ases a d t=e t=e" ;a"ty =as a"gu-e ts

o SJ &y e%t=e" t=at a $'a%- " ;" $eed% g ge e"a''y:D es NOT d%s$' se a $ause < a$t% K "Is s$a da' us9 <"%! ' us " !e at% usK "Is a a&use < ;" $ess

N "ea' ;" s;e$t < su$$esso SJ &y t=e P t=at t=e D =as de<e $eo SJ &y t=e D t=at t=e D =as a g d de<e $e

&"//AR2 "!*/ENT 32 EIT ER P R ! ,CATC ;ALL)• Cat$=0A'' 7D es t d%s$' se COA9 S$a da' us9 ,"%! ' us9 e at% us9 A&use <

P" $ess)o Ru'e

C u"t -ay stay ;" $eed% g9 " g%!e SJ9 F=e"e a ;" $eed% g ge e"a''y "a y $'a%- % a ;" $eed% g: r$(#01,1)

• ,a) d es NOT d%s$' se a $ause < a$t% K "• ,<) %s s$a da' us9 <"%! ' us " !e at% usK "• ,c) %s a a&use < ;" $ess

o Case -ust &e e"y C'ea"A $ase must <e ver: clear to arra t summar: dismissalC u"t -ust e e"$%se %ts u"%sd%$t% F%t= g"eat $a"e9 a d &e sat%s<%edt=e"e %s Huest% t &e t"%ed. I7 tBere is a @uestio to <e tried>tBere sBould <e o summar: Gud6me t Cu<illo v Commo ealtBI te ded to a99l: o l: to cases Bere ca <e o reaso a<le

dou<t tBat P is e titled to Gud6me t 9 a d F=e"e9 t=e"e< "e9 %t %s% e ;ed%e t t a'' F D t de<e d < " -e"e ;u"; se < de'ay o es v&to e

12( | P a g e



• N Rea' P" s;e$t < Su$$esso Ru'e

C u"t -ay g%!e SJ %< sat%s<%ed a $'a%-9 de<e $e " CC 7 " ;a"t t=e"e <) ast=e $ase "eHu%"es =as "ea' ;" s;e$t < su$$ess s+(,1) CPAO 'y a;;'%es t civil cases s+(,1) CPA

o E e"$%se F%t= Caut%

S= u'd &e e e"$%sed % a$$ "da $e F%t= t=e !e"a"$=% g ;u"; se < t=eCPA

T=e i6B Court rece tl: addressed tBe ederal Courte@uivale t 9 F=%$= a"e &" ad'y a a' g us ;" !%s% s9 % Spencer v +heCommonwealth Z2/1/[ CA 2(

• ,"e $= CJ a d Gu-- F J e-;=as%sed t=at ; Fe"s < t=%s % d-ust &e e e"$%sed F%t= $aut% : +he e ercise of powers tosummarily terminate proceedings must always &e attended withcaution. +hat is so whether such disposition is sought on the&asis that the pleadings fail to disclose a reasona&le cause ofaction or on the &asis that the action is frivolous or ve atious oran a&use of process.K

o A;;'%$at%C u"t $a g%!e SJ: s+(,$) CPA

• ,a) O a;;'%$at% &y P• ,<) O a;;'%$at% &y DK OR• ,c) O t=e $ u"ts F - t% 9 %< sat%s<%ed t=at %t %s des%"a&'e t

su--a"%'y d%s; se < t=e $%!%' ;" $eed% go >N Rea' P" s;e$t < Su$$ess?

L at F=et=e" t=e"e %s a >"ea'%st%$? $=a $e < su$$ess9 "at=e" t=a a><a $%<u'?E g'%s= C u"t < A;;ea' % Swain v <illman Z2//1[ 1 A'' ER *1 $ s%de"ed a s%-%'a" "u'e < $ u"t. L "d 3 '< MR sa%d at ;*2:

• J+he words ;no real prospect of succeeding* do not need anyamplification they spea7 for themselves. +he word ;real*distinguishes fanciful prospects of success or ... +hey direct theCourt to the need to see whether there is a ;realistic* as opposedto a ;fanciful* prospect of success.K

&"//AR2 "!*/ENT 32 PLAINTI• C te t

o P a"gues t=at D =as de<e $e t=e -e"%ts• E $e;t% s

o Ru'eD es NOT a;;'y t $'a%-s < " '%&e'9 s'a de"9 -a'%$% us ;" se$ut% 9 <a'se%-;"%s -e t9 sedu$t% " a''egat% < <"aud r$$#0$,$)

o I< %t D es3=e"e a $'a%- % $'udes e '%sted % 22./272)9 P -ay a;;'y < " SJ < "

t=e" $'a%-s9 a d $ t% ue ;" $eed% gs < " t=e a& !e -e t% ed $'a%-r$$#0$,()

• ReHu%"e-e ts

12* | P a g e



o 3"%tO 'y a;;'%es t ;" $eed% gs $ --e ded &y F"%t r$$#01

o A<te" A;;ea"a $eMust &e a<te" D <%'es a a;;ea"a $e r$$#0$,1)

o D =as De<e $eP -ust s= F t=at D =as: r$$#0$,1)

• N de<e $e t t=e F= 'e " ;a"t < t=e $'a%-OR

• N de<e $e e ;e$t as t t=e a- u t < t=e $'a%-o P" $ess

Su-- s• A;;'%$at% s < " SJ &y P -ust &e <%'ed &y su-- s < " <% a'

udg-e t a d su;; "ted &y a<<%da!%t r$$#0(,1)A<<%da!%t

• /ust I clude8o

e"%<y t=e <a$ts F=%$= "e'ate t t=e a;;'%$at% r$$#0(,1),a)o State t=at t=e de; e t &e'%e!es t=e"e %s de<e $e

r$$#0(,1),<)• Timi 6

o Must &e se"!ed at 'east 1 days &e< "e day < " =ea"% g r$$#0(,1),d)

• D?s Res; seo D $a d t=% g9 " -ay "es; d &y a<<%da!%t s= F% g F=y t=ey =a!e a

de<e $e9 " a t=e" "eas &y t=e"e s= u'd t &e SJ r$$#04• C u te" C'a%-s

o Sa-e ;" $ess a;;'%es r$$#0-• E<<e$t

o Must &e ER4 C'ea"SJ 'y g"a ted F=e"e P %s a&'e t s= F a u a sFe"a&'e $ase Cu<illoIt %s t e ug= t s= F t=at P %s '% e'y t F%I te ded to a99l: o l: to cases Bere ca <e o reaso a<ledou<t tBat P is e titled to Gud6me t 9 a d F=e"e9 t=e"e< "e9 %t %s% e ;ed%e t t a'' F D t de<e d < " -e"e ;u"; se < de'ay o es v&to e

o E<<e$tC u"t -ay g"a t SJ < " P a d d%s; se < t=e t"%a' r$$#0$,1)

&"//AR2 "!*/ENT 32 !E EN!ANT• C te t

o D a"gues t=at D =as a g d de<e $e t=e -e"%tso E.g. P?s $'a%- %s statute &a""ed as %t %s uts%de t=e '%-%tat% ;e"% d

• ReHu%"e-e tso 3"%t

O 'y a;;'%es t ;" $eed% gs $ --e ded &y F"%t r$$#01o A<te" A;;ea"a $e

Must &e a<te" D <%'es a a;;ea"a $e r$(#0(o D =as De<e $e

18/ | P a g e



D -ust s= F t=at D =as a g d de<e $e t=e -e"%ts r$(#0(o P" $ess

A<<%da!%t• May <%'e a<<%da!%t % su;; "t < t=e a;;'%$at% F=%$= deta%'s t=e

-e"%ts < t=e de<e $e r$(#04• Deta%'s $a &e g%!e "a''y %< $ u"t sees <%t r$(#04,1)

• E<<e$to Must &e ER4 C'ea"

SJ 'y g"a ted F=e"e D %s a&'e t s= F a u a sFe"a&'e de<e $eCu<illoIt %s t e ug= t s= F t=at D %s '% e'y t F%I te ded to a99l: o l: to cases Bere ca <e o reaso a<ledou<t tBat P is e titled to Gud6me t 9 a d F=e"e9 t=e"e< "e9 %t %s% e ;ed%e t t a'' F D t de<e d < " -e"e ;u"; se < de'ay o es v&to e

o E<<e$tC u"t -ay g"a t SJ < " D a d d%s; se < t=e t"%a' r$(#0(

181 | P a g e



D%s-%ssa' < " Fa t < ;" se$ut% : I =e"e t Ju"%sd%$t%

W AT I& IT• !ismissal o7 9roceedi 6s or a de7e ce> Bere P or ! 7ails to do a act or

ta e a ste9 re@uired <: tBe rules

C NTE?T• ,a%' t se"!e SOC F%t=% t%-e '%-%t• ,a%'s t <%'e t%$e < t"%a' " =a!e date <% ed < " t"%a' F%t=% t%-e ;e"% d

!I&/I&&AL R WANT PR &EC"TI N• Ru'e

o C u"t =as t=e % =e"e t u"%sd%$t% t d%s-%ss ;" $eed% gs " a de<e $e u;t=e <a%'u"e < ;a"ty t d a y a$t " ta e a y ste; "eHu%"ed &y t=e Ru'es$4#05

• Ca a"yo C u"t -ay !a"y " set as%de t=%s udg-e t $4#0+,a)

• C te to C u"t -ay "de" ;" $eed% g d%s-%ssed < " Fa t < ;" se$ut% F=e"e P'a% t%<<:

,a%'s t se"!e a state-e t < $'a%- F%t=% t%-e '%-%ted $4#01,a)D es t <%'e se"!e t%$e < t"%a' " a;;'y t =a!e a date <% ed < " t"%a'9F%t=% "eas a&'e t%-e a<te" $ --e $e-e t < ;" $eed% g $4#01,<),a%'s t <%'e a d se"!e t%$e < t"%a' F%t=% t%-e a'' Fed t P &y C u"t

F=e <% % g date < " t"%a' < ;" $eed% g u de" R"LE 4-#0$,3) $4#01,c) o T=%s %s <" - ea"a C=e$ %< %ts "%g=t

A'' Fs < " d%s-%ssa' %< t=e % te"ests < ust%$e de-a d %t:• +he power should &e e ercised only where the Court is satisfied

either%o 6'8 that the default has &een intentional and

contumelious e.g. diso&edience to a preemptory order ofthe Court or conduct amounting to an a&use of the

process of the CourtE oro 6(86a8 that there has &een an inordinate and ine cusa&le

delay on the part of the plaintiff or his lawyers ando 6&8 that such delay will give rise to a su&stantial ris7 that it

is not possi&le to have a fair trial of the issues in theaction or is such as is li7ely to cause or to have causedserious prejudice to the defendants either as &etweenthemselves and the plaintiffs or &etween each other or&etween them and a third party.K

o 2er Bord !riffiths in Department of +ransport v ChrisSmaller 6+ransport8 Bimited Q'# #R AC ''#: '(>).

• ,a%'u"e t O&ey a O"de"o 3=e"e t=e"e %s a 7ailure to o<e: a order 9 t=e ;" $eed% g ma: <e

dismissed 7%< P)$4#0$,1),a) " t=e de7e ce ma: <e struc out 7%< D)$4#0$,1),<)

182 | P a g e


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/civil-procedure-exam-notes-victoria-australia 133/160188 | P a g e



D%s$ t% ua $e a d F%t=d"aFa'

W AT I& IT• WBere P or ! disco ti ues ,a 9roceedi 6) or itBdra s ,a docume t)

!I&C NTIN"ANCE AN! WIT !RAWAL• Ru'e: 3%t=d"aF d%s$ t% ue a ;" $eed% g " ;a"t < %t

o Plai ti77 -ay disco ti ue a 9roceedi 6 " F%t=d"aF a y ;a"t < %t$5#0$,$)

&e< "e t=e $' se < ;'ead% gsK $5#0$,$),a) "at a y t%-e9 &y 'ea!e < t=e C u"t " F%t= t=e $ se t < a'' t=e ;a"t%es$5#0$,$),<)

o !e7e da t -ay disco ti ue a cou terclaim " F%t=d"aF a y ;a"t < %t$5#0$,()

&e< "e t=e $' se < ;'ead% gs $5#0$,(),a) ORat a y t%-e9 &y 'ea!e < t=e C u"t " F%t= $ se t < a'' t=e" ;a"t%es tt=e $ u te"$'a%- $5#0$,(),<)

• C u te" C'a%-o At a y t%-e t=e 9lai ti77 ma: itBdra a de7e ce to cou terclaim " a y

;a"t < %t a d a de7e da t ma: itBdra tBe de7e da tKs de7e ce "a y ;a"t < %t $5#0$,4)

• TP F= =as &ee J % ed &y Do A de7e da t Bo Bas Goi ed a tBird 9art: ma: disco ti ue tBe claim

made a6ai st tBe tBird 9art: &y a t=%"d ;a"ty t%$e " F%t=d"aF a y ;a"t< t=e $'a%- at a y t%-e &y 'ea!e < t=e C u"t " F%t= t=e $ se t < t=e t=%"d;a"ty $5#0$,+)

• A;;'%$at%o C u"t -ust &e sat%s<%ed9 t=e d%s$ t% ua $e %s t a a&use < ;" $ess

E.g. P $a NOT d%s$ t% ue &e$ause =e Fa ts t $ --e $e;" $eed% gs % a d%<<e"e t u"%sd%$t% F=e"e =e $ u'd "e$ !e" - "e "eMatthews% Oates v Mooney Z1*/5[ 2 C= 6/E.g. P $a NOT d%s$ t% ue t ;"e!e t a CC t=at %s 'a"ge" t=a t=e $'a%-=e %s ;u"su% g @rnst = oung v utte Mining 2lc Z1**6 1 3LR 16/5

• C stso I< P d%s$ t% ues9 =e %s usua''y '%a&'e < " Ds $ sts

• RJ " IEo D%s$ t% ua $e F%t=d"aFa' does ot 6ive rise to res Gudicata or issue

esto99el 9 u 'ess t=e"e =as &ee a sett'e-e to T=%s -ea s t=at %< P d%s$ t% ues9 =e $a st%'' &"% g <"es= ;" $eed% gs

18 | P a g e



%E?ATI "& LITI*ANT

W AT I& IT• WBere P co ti ues to <ri 6 le6al actio itBout a : reaso a<le 6rou ds

%E?ATI "& LITI*ANT&• 3= %s a e at% us L%t%ga t

o 3=e"e C u"t %s sat%s<%ed t=at a ;e"s =as Ba<ituall: AN! 9ersiste tl:AN! itBout a : reaso a<le 6rou ds % st%tutedvexatious le6al9roceedi 6s $1,1) &u9reme Court Act

• E<<e$to T=e C u"t Ca :

De$'a"e t=at ;e"s a !e at% us '%t%ga t $1,$) &u9reme Court ActP" !%de t=at t=e !e at% us '%t%ga t -ust t9 F%t= ut 'ea!e9 $ t% ue "$ --e $e a y 'ega' ;" $eed% g9 " $ --e $e a y s;e$%<%ed ty;e <'ega' ;" $eed% g $1,() &u9reme Court Act

o 3=e F%'' Lea!e &e G%!eLea!e F%'' t &e g%!e t $ --e $e ;" $eed% gs u 'ess t=e;" $eed% gs a"e t " F%'' t &e a a&use < ;" $ess $1,4) &u9remeCourt Act

185 | P a g e



12+) ,ACILITATING SETTLEMENTW AT I& IT

• TBe 9rocess o7 7acilitati 6 settleme t <et ee tBe 9arties• &ettleme t is desira<le o 9olic: 6rou ds as8

o rees u9 court resourceso &aves mo e:o Parties ca a6ree a d <otB 7eel li e tBe: Bave o

C NTE?T• T=e"e %s $ st &e e<%ts t ;a"t%es F= atte-;t t sett'e ;"% " t t"%a'

I < "-a' sett'e-e t

IN R/AL &ETTLE/ENT• A;;'%$at%

o N F t=at O"de" 26 7O<<e"s < C -;" -%se) =a!e &ee %-;'e-e t ed> it isu clear BetBer i 7ormal settleme t ca still <e used – is tBere aa s er

• RJ " IEo I7 :ou disco ti ue due to settleme t <e7ore a trial is 7i isBed ,eve

duri 6 trial) tBere is o R or IE 9reve ti 6 re;liti6atio ,altBou6Bma: <e ritte i to settleme t a6reeme t)

• T%-% go Ca sett'e at a y t%-e du"% g ;" $eed% gs &e< "e9 du"% g a d a<te" t"%a'o Ca &e % a $ t"a$t 7% < "-a''y) % $'ud% g ag"ee-e t < $'a%-s -ade a d t=e

;ay-e t < $ stsK as Fe'' a ag"ee-e t t d%s$ t% ue t=e a$t%

, "-a' sett'e-e t 8 ER& C /PR /I&E

CAL!ER3ANH F WIT "T C N I!ENCE• 3%t= ut P"e ud%$e O<<e"

o A sett'e-e t <<e" t=a %s % ad-%ss%&'e % e!%de $e• Ca'&e"da O<<e"

o A sett'e-e t <<e" t=at %s % ad-%ss%&'e % e!%de $e9 &ut %s ad-%ss%&'e < " t=e;u"; se < dete"-% % g $ sts

ER& C /PR /I&E• 3=at %s %t

o A <<e" <" - e ;a"ty t a t=e" t sett'e t=e -atte"o T=%s <<e" %s e < "$ea&'e &y t=e $ u"t &y $ se t

• Ru'eo 3%t= ut P"e ud%$e

186 | P a g e



O<<e" -ade u de" O26 F%'' &e ta e t &e -ade F%t= ut ;"e ud%$eu 'ess t=e <<e" ;" !%des t=e"F%se r$+#05

o N D%s$' su"e t t=e C u"t U t%' ,% a'%sedO26 <<e"s a"e NOT d%s$' sed t t=e $ u"t u t%' a'' Huest% s < '%a&%'%tya d "e'%e< =a!e &ee dete"-% ed r$+#05 ,$)

• P" $edu"eo 3"%t% g

Must &e % F"%t% g $+o Ide t%<%ed as a O26

Must % $'ude a state-e t F=%$= %de t%<%es %t as a O26 <<e" r$+#0(,1)o Mu't%;'e

Mu't%;'e <<e"s $a &e se"!ed r$+#0(,$)o T%-% g

Ca <e made at a : time &e< "e udg-e t $+#0(,1)A t%-e '%-%t < " a$$e;ta $e $a &e s;e$%<%ed r$+#0 (,()

I< t%-e '%-%t %s s;e$%<%ed9 <<e" %s ;e < " t=e s e" < 1 days9 "u t%' udg-e t r$+# 0(,()

o A$ F'edge-e t < O<<%$eRe$e%!% g ;a"ty -ust g%!e F"%tte a$ F'edge-e t < <<e" F%t=% 8days < se"!%$e r$+# 0(,(),i)

o 3%t=d"aFO<<e"s ca ot <e itBdra duri 6 tBe 9eriod tBat it is o9e 7oracce9ta ce u 'ess t=e C u"t "de"s s 9 " u 'ess t=e <<e" %s re9laced<: a o77er BicB is more 7avoura<le t t=e <<e"ee $+#0(,5)

o N t ,%'edO26 <<e"s a"e NOT <%'ed F%t= t=e $ u"t

o Ca NOT &e % $'uded % A<<%da!%tCa NOT &e % $'uded % a a<<%da!%t

• C st C seHue $eso C u"t D%s$"et%

N te t=e $ u"t =as d%s$"et% % -a % g $ sts "de"s9 s t=ese "u'es a"e ust ge e"a' r$+#0-

o O<<e" A$$e;tedP "-a''y e t%t'ed t $ sts ;a"ty ;a"ty &as%s u; t date < se"!%$e

$+#0(,.)o Ps <<e" %s "eGected> a d P 6ets Gud6me t e@ual or <etter tBa amou t

o77eredC'a%- $ $e" s deat= " & d%'y % u"y

• P gets $ sts ta ed a % de- %ty &as%s $+#0-,$ ),a)Ot=e" C'a%-s

• P gets $ sts u; t a d % $'ud% g t=e day < <<e" a ;a"ty ;a"ty&as%s AND t=e"ea<te" a % de- %ty &as%s $+#0-,$ ),<)

o Ds <<e" %s "eGected> a d P does N T 6ets Gud6me t e@ual or <ettertBa amou t o77ered

D ;ays Ps $ sts ;a"ty ;a"ty &as%s u; t day t=e <<e" Fas se"!edANDP ;ays Ds $ sts a<te" t=at date a ;a"ty ;a"ty &as%s $+#0-,( )

18@ | P a g e



="ICH C &T& &"//AR2 Part: Part: Costs8 A'' $ sts e$essa"y " ;" ;e" < " t=e atta% -e t < ust%$e " < " e < "$% g

" de<e d% g t=e "%g=ts < t=e ;a"ty F= se $ sts a"e &e% g ta ed 6Most common ? default&asis8 +(#$'&olicitor Clie t Costs8 A'' $ sts "eas a&'y % $u""ed a d < "eas a&'e a- u t 6Slightlymore generous than &are minimum of 2arty 2arty costs8 +(#(0I dem it: Costs8 ALL $ sts % $u""ed e $e;t % s <a" as t=ey a"e < u "eas a&'e a- u t "=a!e &ee u "eas a&'y % $u""ed 6Closer to what solicitor actually charges their client8+(#(0#1

18( | P a g e



18) TRIALW AT I& IT

• WBe e actuall: 6et to trialU

T"%a'

&ETTIN* ! WN R TRIAL• Ge e"a'

o A;;'%ed t ALL ;" $eed% gs9 F=et=e" $ --e $ed &y F"%t " OM r4-#01o a!e a date < " t"a%' %s NOT e ug= -ust a's set d F < " t"%a'

• T"%a' Dateo ,% ed at t=e d%"e$t% s =ea"% g F=%$= %s a& ut Fee s a<te" t=e F"%t %s se"!ed

• ReHu%"e-e ts t Set D Fo N t%$e < T"%a'

Ru'e• P -ust s%g 9 <%'e a d se"!e a t%$e < t"%a' u de" r4-#0$ at $' se

< ;'ead% gs a d a<te" e $=a ge < e!%de $e• N t%$e < t"%a' s= u'd &e % , "- (A r4-#0(

I< P ,a%'s t <%'e a d se"!e N t%$e < T"%a' % a Reas a&'e T%-e• D -ay <%'e a d se"!e t%$e < t"%a' r4-#04,1)

OR• D -ay a;;'y t d%s-%ss $'a%- < " Fa t < a ;" se$ut%

r4-#04,1)o 7see ;"e!% us t ;%$)

o T"%a' ,eesMust &e ;a%d t t=e $ u"t &e< "e t"%a'9 su& e$t t e $e;t% s

• S;e$%a'%st L%st Exce9tioo A t"%a' % a s;e$%a'%st '%st d es NOT eed t &e set d F < " t"%a' r4-#01,$)o I $'udes:

Ad-%"a'ty L%stK Te$= ' gy9 E g% ee"% g a d C st"u$t% L%st 7TECL%st)K C --e"$%a' L%stK C "; "at% s L%stK I te''e$tua' P" ;e"ty L%stK

a'uat% 9 C -;e sat% a d P'a % g L%st

PLACE AN! / !E TRIAL• P -ay I d "se t=e OP F%t= P'a$e a d M de

o 3"%tP -ay % d "se F"%t F%t= ;'a$e a d - de < t"%a' r 5#0-

o OMP -ay % d "se OM F%t= ;'a$e < t"%a' r 5#0-

o I< P d es NOT i dorseDe<au't ;'a$e %s Me'& u" e

De<au't - de %s t"%a' &y udge a' e• Judge " Ju"y

o Ge e"a' Ru'e

18* | P a g e



A : PROCEEDING T ER T AN T &E 3EL W & ALL 3ETRIE! WIT "T A "R2 UNLESS COURT ORDERS 4.#0(,$)S=a'' &e "R2 &I? 4.#0$,4)

o 3"%t F%t= C t"a$t T "tP" $eed% gs C //ENCE! 32 WRIT AND "N!E! NC NTRACT 7INCLUDING IMPLIED +4 LA3) OR T RT 7INCLUDING

DAMAGES ,OR +REAC O, STATUTOR4 DUT4) S ALL +E TRIE!32 "R2 4.#0$,1)

o ReHuest < " Ju"y3= t ReHuest

• P i rit• ! <: otice i riti 6 TO P F PR T N TAR2

, "-a'%t%es• 3 IT IN 10 !A2& A TER LA&T APPEARANCE EIT ER

PART2 &I*NI IE& T E !E&IRE TO A E PROCEEDINGTRIE! 32 "R2 4.#0$,1),a)

• Must ;ay "R2 EE& ARE PAI! 4.#0$,1),<)E<<e$t

• I< t=e "eHuest %s ;" ;e"'y -ade9 t=e"e %s a P, "%g=t t t"%a' &y u"yTRE% R

C u"t D%s$"et%• C u"t -ay "de" a -atte" '%sted < " t"%a' &y u"y t ;" $eed &y

Fay < udge a' e *"NN& PER RRE&T

C N!"CTIN* T E TRIAL• O"a' E!%de $e

o E!%de $e %s ge e"a''y g%!e "a''y " /./27a) 9 &ut $a &e g%!e % F"%t% g F=e"eF%t ess state-e ts a"e "de"ed % s;e$%a'%st '%sts

o T=e $u""e t t"e d %s aFay <" - a<<%da!%ts• 3= Sta"ts

o Ge e"a' Ru'e T=e ;a"ty F= &ea"s t=e us < ;" < g es <%"st r4'#01,$)3=e"e 3"R!EN PR AN2 ="E&TI N LIES ON T E P>P & ALL 3E*IN 4'#01,$),a)3=e"e 3"R!EN PR N ALL T E ="E&TI N& LIES ON

T E !> ! & ALL 3E*IN 4'#01,$),<)o C u"t D%s$"et%

C u"t =as !e"a'' d%s$"et% as t F= sta"ts r4'#01,1)• S;'%tt% g a Case

o Se;a"ate Huest% s $a &e t"%ed se;a"ate'y r4.#04o C u"t $a a'' F "de" a ;a"ty t s;'%t t=e%" $ase Protea

• O;e % g Add"ess a d E!%de $eo O;e % g Pa"ty

Pa"ty F= &eg% s 7usua''y P) -ay -a e a A!!RE&& PENIN* T EPART4?S CASE 4'#01,4)

T=at ;a"ty t EN A!!"CE& T EIR E%I!ENCE 4'#01,4)

1 / | P a g e



Ea$= F%t ess -ay &e $" ss0e a-% ed &y D a d "e0e a-% ed &y P s$-Evide ce ActP t=e $' ses =%s $ase 7$a NOT $a'' a y <u"t=e" e!%de $e)

o Ne t Pa"tyD $a e'e$t t $a'' e!%de $e a d -a e a >N Case? su&-%ss%PR TEAN

I< D F%s=es t $a'' e!%de $e9 D ;e s9 $a''s e!%de $e a d F%t esses $a&e $" ssed a d "e0e a-% ed as a& !e

o C' s% g Add"essesI< e t ;a"ty =as $a''ed e!%de $e9 " te de"ed a yt=% g % $" ss0e a-% at%

• Ne t ;a"ty gets t=e &e e<%t < $' s% g 'ast " *./175)EL&E> PENIN* PART2 CL &E& LA&T R4'#01,+)

%ER!ICT AN! "!*/ENT• De<% %t% s

o %erdict8 C $'us% "ea$=ed -atte"s < <a$to ud6me t8 C $'us% "ea$=ed -atte"s < 'aF a d "de"s -ade

N te t=at - st t"%a's % ! '!e udges a' e9 s t=e d%st% $t% %s < '%tt'e%-; "ta $e

• C u"t =as +" ad P Fe"so C u"t $a M6ive sucB Gud6me t or ma e sucB order as tBe case

re@uires ;a"ty?s a;;'%$at% at a y t%-e % t=e ;" $eed% g9 F=et=e""eHuested % "%g% at% g ;" $ess " t "5*./171)

•

Rese"!ed a d De'ayed Judg-e to Judg-e t $a &e "ese"!ed " de'%!e"ed F%t= "eas s ;" du$ed 'ate"o J?s s=a'' ta e e77ect 7rom da: it is delivered 9 u 'ess $ u"t t=e"F%se "de"s

"5*./271)• , "-a'%t%es

o O"a' Judg-e tS=a'' &e &" ICIENT T &TATE RE&"LT RALL2 3IT OUTREASONS9 +UT WRITTEN REA& N& S ALL T EN AND T ERE +E P"3LI& E! 32 !ELI%ER2 T T E A&& CIATE 5'#04

o Aut=e t%$at%

Judg-e ts a d O"de"s -ust &e R/ALL2 A"T ENTI CATED A,TERCOURT AS DELI ERED JUDGMENT AS CONDITION O,EN,ORCEMENT OR APPEAL +0#01Aut=e t%$ated F=e a < "- < t=e "!*/ENT I& !RAWN "P AND&ETTLE! IN ACCORDANCE 3IT ORDER 6/9 IS &EALE! 32PR T N TAR2 3IT SEAL O, T E COURT +0#0$,1)

Case Ma age-e t T%-e'% e

1 1 | P a g e



1 2 | P a g e



14) C &T&W AT I& IT

• /o e: tBat a 9art: ma: recover 7rom tBeir o99o e t to reim<urse tBem 7orex9e ses i curred i tBe liti6atio

• Note tBat cost orders are 6e erall: must less tBa actual le6al costsi curred

C NTE?T• T=at - ey stu<< y u $a use t &uy t=% gs '% e %$e0$"ea- a d 'aFye"s

E?A/• Ge e"a' Ru'e• R%g=t t C sts• C st I de- %ty Ru'e• E $e;t% t t=e CIR

o I $'ud% g: 'aFye"s a d % te"' $ut "y• C -;'e

o 3=e"e P F% s9 a d D?s CC a's F% so 3=e"e P F% s aga% st D1 a d ' ses aga% st D2 7MPO)

• ua tu-

I t" du$t%

*ENERAL IN R/ATI N• De<% %t%

o C sts a"e - ey t=at a ;a"ty -ay "e$ !e" <" - t=e%" ;; e t % '%t%gat% 9< " "e%-&u"se-e t < ;a"t%$u'a" e ;e ses % $u""ed % t=e '%t%gat%

• Pu"; seo C sts aFa"ds a"e des%g ed t "e%-&u"se < " s -e 'ega' e ;e ses % $u""ed %

$ du$t% g t=e '%t%gat%o T=%s %s a d%s% $e t%!e < " &"% g% g u -e"%t "% us $ases " de<e d% g

u -e"%t "% us &as%so T=ey a"e t ge e"a''y des%g ed t % de- %<y a ;a"ty < " a'' e ;e ses %t =as

% $u""edo +UT t=ey a"e a's used t d%s$%;'% e ;a"t%es a d e $ u"age sett'e-e t

• U "e;"ese ted Pa"t%eso U "e;"ese ted ;a"t%es $a t $'a%- < " t=e t%-e t=ey =a!e s;e t ;"e;a"% g

a d "u % g t=e%" $ase 7e $e;t% %s se'<0"e;"ese ted s '%$%t "s)• P '%$y

o T=ey $a u de"-% e a$$ess t ust%$e a$t% g as a &a""%e" t ; "e" ;'a% t%<<sa d a's t=e ad!e"sa"y syste- F " s &est F=e"e eHua' <% a $%a' a&%'%t%es a deHua' Hua'%ty < "e;"ese tat%

P WER AN! !I&CRETI N T E C "RT

1 8 | P a g e



• D%s$"et% < t=e C u"to T=e C &T& AN! INCI!ENTAL T ALL MATTERS IN T E COURT9 IS

IN T E !I&CRETI N T E C "RT AND COURT AS ,ULL PO3ER TO!ETER/INE 32 W / AND T W AT E?TENT C &T& ARE TO +EPAID s$4 &u9reme Court Act

o P Fe" a d d%s$"et% < C u"t as t $ sts u de" s2 < t=e A$t s=a'' &e

e e"$%sed su& e$t t a d % a$$ "da $e F%t= t=%s O"de" +(#0$• T%-% g

o May e e"$%se ; Fe" # d%s$"et% as t $ sts AT AN2 &TA*E T EPR CEE!IN* OR A TER IT& C NCL"&I N +(#0(,1)

o C sts "eHu%"ed t &e ;a%d s=a'' &e PAI! RT WIT ,I//E!IATEL2) UNLESS COURT ORDERS +(#0(,$)

• Pa"t%$u'a" uest% " Pa"t < t=e P" $eed% go C u"t -ay -a e "de" < " $ sts % "e'at% t a PARTIC"LAR ="E&TI N

IN PART A PROCEEDING +(#04,1)o C u"t & ALL I? PR P RTI N T TAL C &T& ATTRI3"TA3LE TO

PARTICULAR UESTION PART +(#04,$)• Ta % g

o 3=at d es t=%s -ea D y u ;ay ta $ stso C &T& T 3E TA?E! 32 TA?IN* /A&TER /A&TER OR

PR T N TAR2 !EP"T2 PR T N TAR2 3 ERE TM DIRECTS+(#05

o O<<%$e"s < C u"t t ass%st ea$= t=e" % ta at% +(#0+o 3=e"e a ;a"ty %s t &e ;a%d $ sts9 ;a"ty s=a'' &e ENTITLE! T TA?E!

C &T& +(#0.,1)I stead o7 taxed costs 9 COURT /A2 R!ER A PART4 ISENTITLED TO

• A ; "t% s;e$%<%ed % "de" < ta ed $ sts +(#0.,$),a)• Ta ed $ sts <" - u; t stage < ;" $eed% gs s;e$%<%ed % t=e

"de" +(#0.,$),<)• G" ss su- s;e$%<%ed % "de" % stead < ta ed $ sts +(#0.,$),c)• Su- % "es;e$t < $ sts t &e dete"-% ed % su$= -a e" as

C u"t d%"e$ts +(#0.,$),d)o De<au't Judg-e t

3=e"e 7 !E A"LT ) "!*/ENT ENTERE! R C &T& UNDER

$1#0(,$) COSTS & ALL N T 3E TA?E!> 3"T I?E! 32PR T N TAR2 IN ACCORDANCE 3IT APPENDI A SCALE +(#0-,1)

C &T& LITI*ATI N• 3=at a"e t=ey

o T=e amou t o7 costs i a le6al 9roceedi 6 BicB tBe court orders e;a"ty t ;ay t a t=e"

• Ge e"a' Ru'eo Re<e""ed t &y r+(#0$o U 'ess t=e"F%se ;" !%dedV t=e $ sts < a d % $%de ta' t a'' -atte"s % t=e

C u"t V %s % t=e discretio < t=e C u"t a d t=e Court Bas 7ull 9o er todetermi e <: Bom a d to Bat exte t tBe costs are to <e 9aid s2 71) Supreme Court Act

1 | P a g e



• R%g=t t C stso Su& e$t t t=e "u'es " a y "de" < t=e $ u"t9 a ;a"ty d es NOT =a!e a "%g=t

t $ sts u 'ess %t $a <% d a "u'e t=at e t%t'es t=e- t $ sts r+(#1(

Ty ;es < C st s F T E C &T IN!E/NIT2 R"LE

C &T IN!E/NIT2 R"LE• C st I de- %ty Ru'e

o Su$$ess<u' ;a"ty "e$ !e"s $ sts <" - t=e u su$$ess<u' ;a"t 2 ,I#E# C &T&LL W T E E%ENT)

o A't= ug= "eas a&'e e ;e$tat% t=e"e %s right t $ sts9 $ u"t =as a&s 'ute9u <ette"ed d%s$"et% 3:r s v !ave:

• T=e"e a"e Fays $ sts $a &e ta edo Part: a d Part: costs8 A'' $ sts e$essa"y a d ;" ;e" "68.2*o &olicitor a d clie t costs8 A'' $ sts "eas a&'y % $u""ed "68.8/o I dem it: costs8 A'' $ sts9 e $e;t t= se u "eas a&'y % $u""ed "68.8/.1o tBer8 su$= t=e" &as%s as C u"t -ay d%"e$t +(#$-,d)

1) PART2 AN! PART2 3A&I&• Ru'e

o A'' $ sts ecessar: or 9ro9er < " t=e attai me t o7 Gustice " < "e 7orci 6 or de7e di 6 tBe ri6Bts < t=e ;a"ty F= se $ sts a"e &e% gta ed "68.2*

•

A;;'%$at%o De<au't

M st $ -- T=%s %s t=e de<au't ; s%t% r+(#(1

o G % g +ey d P PI "de" t g &ey d t=ese $ sts t=e"e -ust &e -a'%$% us "u "eas a&'e &e=a!% u"s 7+ g% " J % !unns )

• >Ne$essa"y " P" ;e"?o Ne$essa"y < " Atta% -e t < Just%$e

V necessarily ta7en or performed for the attainment of justice or themaintaining or defending of the litigant*s rights L 3 = A !il&ey Btd vContinental BiIuers

o Reas a&'e Pe"< "-ed F%t= ut E t"a!aga $eor although not necessarily performed for such purposes wouldreasona&ly have &een performed for any of those purposes withoute travagance 3 = A !il&ey Btd v Continental BiIuers

o NOT % C <'%$t F%t= LaFand not in conflict with law the practice of the Court and the usage ofthe legal professionK 3 = A !il&ey Btd v Continental BiIuers

o % ds%g=tDete"-% at% %s NOT -ade F%t= t=e &e e<%t < =% ds%g=t

o I< D u&t

1 5 | P a g e



I< t=e"e %s d u&t a& ut F=et=e" a $ st %s e$essa"y " ;" ;e"9 %t %s"es '!ed aga% st t=e ;e"s $'a%-% g t=e %te-

$) & LICIT R AN! CLIENT 3A&I&• Ru'e

o

A'' $ sts "eas a&'y % $u""ed a d < "eas a&'e a- u t "68.8/• D%<<e"e $e t P P

o Ge e"a''yS C %s s'%g=t'y - "e ge e" us t=a t=e &a"e -% %-u- < ;a"ty ;a"ty

o D u&tI< t=e"e %s a& ut a $ st9 %t %s dete"-% ed % <a! u" < t=e ;e"s $'a%-% gt=e a- u t

• T=%s %s t=e ;; s%te t P Po Reas a&'e ess < A- u t

I assess% g "eas a&'e ess < a- u t9 $a ' at a y $ stsag"ee-e t &etFee t=e s '%$%t " a d =%s =e" $'%e t

• E a-;'e < 3=e S C F%'' &e O"de"edo U e$essa"y De'ay % De<e $e

May &e aFa"ded aga% st a su$$ess<u' D t=e g" u ds t=at %t Fas tu t%' t=e 'ast day < t=e t"%a' t=at D "e!ea'ed t P a -e"%t "% us g" u d< " "e<us% g %ts $'a%- =ad t=e"e &ee a ea"'%e" d%s$' su"e9 t=e t=e'%t%gat% -ay =a!e &ee a! %ded %er a Tradi 6 v Ne I diaI sura ce

o Ma'%$% us " U "eas a&'e +e=a!% u"I "de" t g &ey d t=ese $ sts t=e"e -ust &e -a'%$% us "u "eas a&'e &e=a!% u"s 7+ g% " J % !unns )

() IN!E/NIT2 3A&I&• Ru'e

o A'' $ sts % $u""ed e $e;t % s <a" as t=ey a"e < u "eas a&'e a- u t " =a!e&ee u "eas a&'y % $u""ed "68.8/.1

o Gett% g $' se" t F=at t=e s '%$%t " a$tua''y $=a"ged t=e $'%e t• A;;'%$at%

o uest% s < u "eas a&'e ess a"e "es '!ed % <a! u" < t=e ;e"s t F= -$ sts a"e ;aya&'e r+(#(0#1,$)• G" u ds < " AFa"d% g I de- %ty C sts

o D =as N C=a $e < Su$$ess3=e"e D s= u'd =a!e F t=ey =a!e $=a $e < su$$ess3lac <ur v &tate o7 N&W ,u re9orted)

o Pu&'%$ I te"estPIG F% s a d %t %s % t=e ;u&'%$ % te"est t g"a t t=%s NGO $ sts a% de- %ty &as%s Aus ederatio o7 Co sumer r6a isatio s I c>To<acco I stitute o7 Aus

o M%suse " A&use < t=e L%t%gat% P" $ess T=e t%-% g a d $%"$u-sta $es % F=%$= t=e ;" $eed% g F=e"e &" ug=ta- u t t -%suse a d a&use < t=e '%t%gat% ;" $ess 3olla6 v A;*,C tB)

1 6 | P a g e



o U "eas a&'e P" ' g% gU "eas a&'e ;" ' g% g " de'ay < a $ase Ros ia v *I

o Mega0L%t%gat%3=e"e P s= u'd =a!e "e<% ed t=e %ssues % d%s;ute t a! %d $ sts&' F% g ut t a "%d%$u' us a- u t &eve Net or Ltd ,&ac ville 8>I -y !%eF t=e e ;e d%tu"e < 2// -%''% V %s t 'y Faste<u'9 &ut

& "de"s s$a da' us? )

E $e;t% s t t=e C sts I de- %ty Ru'es

INTR !"CTI N• Ru'e

o C u"t =as d%s$"et% t de!%ate <" - t=e $ sts % de- %ty "u'e9 %< a y < t=e< '' F% g e $e;t% s a;;'y

Pa"ty F% s % t=e F" g $ u"tPa"ty "e e$ts a ge e" us sett'e-e t <<e"Pa"ty u't%-ate'y F% s9 &ut ' ses s -e %ssuesPu&'%$ % te"est '%t%gat%Pa"ty a$ts % su$= a Fay as t=e $ u"t t=% s t=ey s= u'd PA2 +"ea$= < t=e !e"a"$=% g &'%gat% s % t=e CPA

• De;"%!e Su$$ess<u' D < C stso Need a - "e $ -;e''% g "eas t de;"%!e a su$$ess<u' D < $ sts %ERNA

PART2 WIN& IN T E WR N* C "RT•

U e$essa"%'y %g= C u"to 3=e"e a ;a"ty sues a d F% s % a u e$essa"%'y =%g= $ u"t9 t=e $ u"t -ay

"de" t=e F% % g ;a"ty % de- %<y t=e ' s% g ;a"ty < " e t"a $ sts t=e ' se"s;e t % de<e d% g t=e -atte" % t=e - "e e ;e s%!e $ u"t R+(#$4,1)

o D es t APPL2 I PR CEE!IN*& A%E C //ENCE! IN AN T ERC "RT F TRAN& ERRE! T T E C "RT +(#$4,4)

WINNIN* PART2 RE ECT& A *ENER "& &ETTLE/ENT ER• Sett'e-e t

o See t ;%$ 12+ ><a$%'%tat% g sett'e-e t? a& !e

PART2 "NTI/ATEL2 WIN&> 3"T L &E& N & /E I&&"E&• C u"t Ca :

o , '' F t=e Ge e"a' C st I de- %ty Ru'eAFa"d $ sts &as%s < ge e"a' 7$ sts % de- %ty) "u'e t P as P %s t=e

!e"a'' F% e"9 des;%te ' s% g s -e %ssueso Is 'ate Issues

Is 'ate %ssues as a ;a"t < $auses < a$t% a d -a e P ;ay < " %ssues DF 9 a d D ;ay < " %ssues t=at P F

o Pe"$e tage A;;" a$= 7M st P"e<e"a&'e)

1 @ | P a g e



C sts aFa"ded as a ;e"$e tage &ased t=e t%-e s9e t o eacBissue yrnesC u"t a&'e t est%-ate % ;e"$e tage -a e" due t ge e"a' d%s$"et%a<< "ded &y s 2 SCA

P"3LIC INTERE&T LITI*ATI N• P '%$y

o C u se' s '%$%t "s =a!e a$ted % t=e ;u&'%$ % te"ests " a ;" & &as%sa d =e $e $a &e see t =a!e a$ted a$$ "d% g t t=e =%g=est %dea's < t=e'aF a d e!e %< u su$$ess<u' t=ey =a!e se"!ed t=e " 'e < t=e 'aF a d =e $et=e $ --u %ty 7 2ostscript of +ampa 6"uddoc7 v -ardalis8 per eaumont =

rench ,, 8• Pu&'%$ I te"est G" u; 3% s

o PIG -ay get t=e%" $ sts ;a%d a % de- %ty &as%s To<acco I stituteo T &a$$ ,a$ts

Pu&'%$ % te"est g" u; &" ug=t su$$ess<u' a$t% t "est"a% t=eRes; de t <" - -a % g -%s'ead% g a d de$e;t%!e state-e ts %ssues < ;u&'%$ =ea't=

Judge aFa"ded % de- %ty $ sts t ;'a% t%<< a<te" $ s%de"% g ;u&'%$% te"est as;e$t a d t=at ;" $eed% gs Fe"e a test $ase F=et=e";ass%!e s- % g e da ge"ed t=e =ea't= < 0s- e"s

• Pu&'%$ I te"est G" u; L seso PIG -ay a! %d gett% g $ sts "de" aga% st t=e- Ruddoc

PART2 ACT& IN A WA2 T AT T E C "RT T INH& T E2 & "L! PA2 • Ru'e

o Cat$= a'' as $ u"t =as t=e <% a' a d <u'' d%s$"et% t dete"-% e $ sts s$4&CA

• E a-;'eo T=e ;a"ty uses u de"=a ded ta$t%$s

%er a• D CAUSED T E ACTION +4 NOT RESPONDING TO PS

RE UEST ,OR IN,ORMATION• D 3ASTED TIME AND MONE4 +4 AMENDING AND DEN4ING

E ER4 APPLICATION IN T E STATEMENT O, CLAIM• T ERE 3AS NO ORDER O, COSTS AS T E TRIAL 3AS

S ORT9 +UT D 7T E 3INNER) 3AS ORDERED TO PA4 T EACTUAL ,ULL LEGAL +ILL O,, T E P ,OR T E LEAD UP TO

TRIAL

PART $#4 CPA8 &ANCTI N& R C NTRA%ENIN* T E %ERARC IN*3LI*ATI N&

• Ru'eo I e e"$%s% g %ts d%s$"et% as t $ sts9 a $ u"t -ay ta e % t a$$ u t a y

$ t"a!e t% < t=e !e"a"$=% g &'%gat% s s$-,$) CPA• E<<e$t

1 ( | P a g e



o 3=e"e a 9erso Bas co trave ed a : overarcBi 6 o<li6atio 9 $ u"t -ay-a e a y "de" %t $ s%de"s a;;" ;"%ate % t=e % te"ests < ust%$e % $'ud% g:&$',1) CPA

,a) a "de" t=at t=e 9erso 9a: some or all o7 tBe le6al costs orotBer costs or ex9e ses o7 a : 9erso arisi 6 7rom tBeco trave tio < t=e !e"a"$=% g &'%gat%

,<) a "de" t=at t=e 'ega' $ sts " t=e" $ sts " e ;e ses < a y;e"s &e ;aya&'e %--ed%ate'y a d &e e < "$ea&'e %--ed%ate'y

1 * | P a g e



C sts O"de"s aga% st LaFye"s

C &T R!ER& A*AIN&T LAW2ER&• Ru'e R+(#$(

o 3=e+(#$(,1) 3=e"e a s '%$%t " =as $aused $ sts t &e:

• i curred im9ro9erl: OR WIT "T REA& NA3LE CA"&E 9R

• t &e WA&TE! 32 LAW2ER AIL"RE T ACT 3ITREA& NA3LE C /PETENCE # E?PE!ITI N

o E<<e$tC u"t -ay "de" t=at:

• C'%e t d es NOT =a!e t Pay S '%$%t " +(#$(,1),a)o All or a : o7 tBe costs &etFee t=e s '%$%t " a d t=e

$'%e t <e disallo edOR

o I< $'%e t =as a'"eady ;a%d s '%$%t "9 t=e solicitor re9a: tt=e $'%e t t=e F= 'e " ;a"t < a y - ey ;a%d a$$ u t

< $ sts• S '%$%t " Pays C'%e ts C sts +(#$(,1),<)

o &olicitor must 9a: to tBe clie t> all or a : o7 tBecosts F=%$= t=e $'%e t =as &ee "de"ed t ;ay t a y;a"ty

•

S '%$%t " Pays Ot=e" Pa"t%es C sts +(#$(,1),c)o &olicitor 9a:s all or a : o7 tBe costs 9a:a<le <: a :

9art: t=e" t=a t=e $'%e t +(#$(,1),c)• Sa-;'e C%"$u-sta $es < ,a%'u"e t A$t F%t= Reas a&'e C -;ete $e

o S '%$%t "s AND +a""%ste"s T=%s ""LE ,R+(#$() APPLIE& T 3 T & LICIT R& AN!3ARRI&TER& +(#$(,.)

o Ru'eA s '%$%t " AIL& T ACT WIT REA& NA3LE C /PETENCEAN! E?PE!ITI N 3 ERE A N2 APPLICATI N IN TRIAL A

PR CEE!IN*8 r+(#$(• CAN N T C N%ENIENTL2 3E EAR!• Ca NOT ;" $eed• ,a%'s• I& A! "RNE! WIT "T AN2 "&E "L PR *RE&&

AND t=%s $$u""ed &e$ause t=e s '%$%t " <a%'ed t :• Atte d % ;e"s " &y ;" ;e" "e;"ese tat%!e +(#$(,$),a)• ,%'e a y d $u-e t F=%$= ug=t t =a!e &ee <%'ed +(#$(,$),<)• L dge de'%!e" a y d $u-e t < " use < t=e C u"t +(#$(,$),c)• +e ;"e;a"ed F%t= a y ;" ;e" e!%de $e " a$$ u t +(#$(,$),d)• Ot=e"F%se ;" $eed +(#$(,$),e)

o O;; "tu %ty t &e ea"d

15/ | P a g e



S '%$%t " %s t &e g%!e "eas a&'e ;; "tu %ty t &e =ea"d &e< "e C u"t&e< "e t=e "de" %s -ade R +(#$(,()

C sts < " INTERL C"T R2 EARIN*& AN! &ATELLITE LITI*ATI N

*ENERALL2 • ,a%'% g t Pay

o 3=e"e C u"t -a es % te"' $ut "y "de"9 %< ;a"ty '%a&'e t ;ay $ sts <a%'s t d s >T E C "RT /A28

!ismiss tBe PR CEE!IN* 7I, PART4 IS PLAINTI,,) +(#0(,(),a)&tri e out tBe !E ENCE 7I, PART4 IS DE,ENDANT) +(#0(,(),<)

C &T PTI N&• Costs Reserved8 uest% < $ sts < % te"' $ut "y ;" $eed% gs %s de<e""ed u t%'

;" $eed% g %s <% a'%sed• No order as to costs8 Pa"t%es &ea" t=e%" F $ sts < a =ea"% g

o I &ILENT A& T C &T&8 T 3E !ECI!E! N A PART2 PART2 3A&I&• Costs i tBe cause8 C sts a"e t &e & " e &y t=e ;a"ty t=at u't%-ate'y ' ses t=e a$t%• Costs i a : eve t8 3% e" < % te"' $ut "y ;" $eed% gs gets $ sts "ega"d'ess

udg-e t at t"%a'• Costs TBro A a:8 C sts Fasted &e$ause ste;s a'"eady ta e &e$ -e ; % t'ess9 t

&e & " e &y ;a"ty t=at $aused t=e- t &e$ -e ; % t'ess•

Costs 7ollo tBe eve t8 T=e I de- %ty Ru'e F% % g ;a"ty =as $ sts ;a%d &y t=e' s% g ;a"ty• Costs o7 tBe actio 8 e t%"e du"at%• Costs o7 tBe trial8 'y ;e"% d du"at% < t"%a'

-u't%;'e ;a"ty $ st "de"s

P su$$eeds $'a%-9 D su$$eeds $ u te"$'a%-

P WIN& N CLAI/> ! WIN& N C "NTERCLAI/• Ge e"a' Ru'e

o P F%'' &e e t%t'ed t $ sts < " t=e $'a%-9 a d D F u'd &e e t%t'ed t $ sts < "t=e $ u te"$'a%-

• O!e"'a;o Issue

S -e $ sts F%'' =a!e &ee % $u""ed % "e'at% t & t= t=e $'a%- a dt=e $ u te"$'a%-

o A sFe"Ca'' +at-a 9 =e F%'' F F=at t d

o I< +at-a %s U a!a%'a&'e

151 | P a g e



C u"t =as d%s$"et% t d F=at %t <ee's %s a;;" ;"%ateDe;e ds t=e $%"$u-sta $es

9tio s8• O<<set• A;; "t% % ;" ; "t% t t=e aFa"ds -ade• A;; "t% % ;" ; "t% t ;e"$e tage t%-e s;e t ea$= $'a%-

152 | P a g e



W ERE CLAI/ &"CCEE!& A*AIN&T NE ! AN! AIL& A*AIN&T AN T ER

*ENERALL2 • Ge e"a' Ru'e

o L s% g D ;ays Ps $ stso P ;ays t=e F% % g Ds $ sts

• A'te" at%!e'y: MPOo C u"t $a e e"$%se %ts d%s$"et% t aFa"d a >-u't%;'e ;a"ty "de"? % $'ud% g:

+u'' $Sa de"s

3"LL CH R!ER• Ge e"a' Ru'e

o L s% g D "e%-&u"ses P < " F% % g Ds $ stso Ex9lai tBat Please

L s% g D ;ays Ps $ stsP ;ays t=e F% % g Ds $ sts

• L s% g D "e%-&u"ses P < " t=e ;ay-e t < t=e F% % g Ds $ sts• T=us P &ea"s t=e "%s %< ' s% g D &e$ -es &a "u;t 7< " e a-;'e)

a d $a t "e%-&u"se P %ucadi ovic v Lom<ardi F /e:ers, rs)

• 3=e 3%'' a +O &e G"a tedo TE&T

Is %t "eas a&'e < " t=e u su$$ess<u' D t &e '%a&'e < " t=e Ps $ sts AND

t=e $ sts < t=e su$$ess<u' Do A;;'%$at%

/ust i7 tBe losi 6 ! did sometBi 6 to i duce tBe P i to sui 6tBe i i 6 !

• I< t=e u su$$ess<u' D d%d t=% g t 'ead t=e P % t su% g t=esu$$ess<u' D9 %t %s d%<<%$u't t see F=y t=e u su$$ess<u' D s= u'd&e '%a&'e < " t=e P?s e"" " < udg-e t % su% g t=at D >ou!# $

a&&e!as ,1'-4) 5- AL R 5+0

&AN!ER& N R!ER• Ge e"a' Ru'e

o L s% g D ;ays t=e F% % g Ds $ sts d%"e$t'yo Ex9lai tBat Please

L s% g D ;ays Ps $ sts AND t=e F% % g Ds $ sts3% % g D &ea"s t=e "%s %< ' s% g D &e$ -es &a "u;t

• G" u ds < " G"a t% go Sa-e as +u'' $o I de$%d% g F=et=e" t g"a t +u'' $ " Sa de"s 9 ust ' at t=e s;e$%<%$

$ase•

D%<<e"e $e t +u'' $ O"de"o T=e 'y d%<<e"e $e %s F=e"e t=e ' s% g D =as - ey

3ulloc 8 +a "u;t ' s% g D $a NOT "e%-&u"se P9 s P %s ut < ; $ et

158 | P a g e



&a derso 8 +a "u;t ' s% g D $a NOT ;ay F% % g Ds $ sts9 sF% % g D %s ut < ;%$

ua tu- < C sts

W ERE PARTIE& CAN N T A*REE N C &T&• Ge e"a' Ru'e

o I< ;a"t%es $a t ag"ee $ sts9 t=e t=e -atte" g es t t=e Ta % g Maste"+(#(-

• , "-a'%t%eso Must &e % %t%ated &y su-- s 7, "- 68A) r+(#(-,1)>,()o T=e ;a"t%es -ust %ssue a &%'' < $ sts % t=e a;;" ;"%ate < "- F=%$= deta%'s a''

$ sts % $u""ed+%'' < $ sts -ust &e <%'ed a d se"!ed as a atta$=-e t t t=e su-- s

• Ta % g Maste"o Pa"t%es a;;ea" &e< "e t=e Ta % g Maste" F= -a es a dete"-% at% ea$=

$ sts r+(#(5o 3%'' =a!e "ega"d t A99e dix A o7 &CR F=%$= $ ta% s a s$a'e < $ sts

15 | P a g e



15 ) EN RCE/ENT

W AT I& IT• I7 tBe Gud6me t de<tor ,loser) does ot o<e: tBe order> tBe success7ul

9art: ca ta e ste9s to e 7orce

C NTE?T• 3=e"e ' se" d es ?t &ey t=e "de"

*ENERAL R"LE• Ge e"a' Ru'e• 3%'' JD see a stay• JCs d%s$ !e"y t gat=e" % < "-at%• M de < e < "$e-e t• E < "$e-e t aga% st 0;a"t%es

GENERAL IN N EN RC2

*ENERAL• NOT Se'< E e$ut% g

o Judg-e ts a"e NOT se'<0e e$ut% go I< udg-e t de&t " d es NOT &ey t=e "de" su$$ess<u' ;a"ty $a ta e ste;s

t e < "$e• I $e t%!es < " Judg-e t De&t " t O&eyo I te"est

A$$"ues at 15\9 F=%$= %s <a" =%g=e" t=a t=e $ --e"$%a' "ateo E < "$e-e t C sts

T=e Judg-e t De&t " %s '%a&'e < " a y $ sts % $u""ed &y t=e su$$ess<u';a"ty t e < "$e t=e udg-e t

o P" ;e"tyP" ;e"ty s 'd t e < "$e udg-e t de&t usua''y "ea'%ses a ;"%$e 'esst=a -a" et !a'ue

• 3=y F u'd t=e JD t ;ayo N $a;a$%ty 7;ay-e t F u'd < "$e &a "u;t$y)o Ig "a $e < %ssues 7SCA s5@06/) $ st $ seHeu $eso Des%"e t a;;ea'o +e''%ge"e $e

• T%-% go JC =as 15 yea"s t e < "$e t=e udg-e t LAA s5,4)

NCE T E "!*/ENT I& *I%EN• Aut=e t%$ated

o Judg-e t -ust &e aut=e t%$ated 7$ u"t sea's a < "- sett% g ut t=e deta%'s <t=e udg-e t)

155 | P a g e



• Pa"ty Na-eso Pa"t%es a"e F "e<e""ed t as t=e Judg-e t C"ed%t " 7F% e") a d Judg-e t

De&t " 7' se")• P"e0T"%a' D%s$uss% s

o Due t t=e ; ss%&%'%ty t=at JD $a NOT " F%'' NOT ;ay9 %t %s !%ta' t d%s$usse < "$e-e t9 $ sts a d "%s < 0sat%s<a$t% F%t= $'%e t +E,ORE

;" $eed% gs a"e %ssues9 " a de<e $e %s <%'ed

Stay < e < "$e-e t

&TA2 E?EC"TI N• Ru'e

o JD -ay a;;'y < " a stay < e e$ut% t de'ay t=e udg-e t r++#1+o JD -ust s= F >s;e$%a' $%"$u-sta $es?

• D%s$"et% a"yo At t=e d%s$"et% < t=e $ u"t

• I P"a$t%$eo A;;'%$at% %s <te -ade %--ed%ate'y a<te" udg-e t9 t t=e udge =ea"% g

t=e -atte"o Stay %s usua''y set < " a ;e"% d < t%-e 7e.g. 8/ days)

• E<<e$to JC $a NOT e < "$e t=e udg-e t u t%' t=e e d < t=e stay ;e"% d

M des < E < "$e-e t

&PECI IC / !E& EN RCE/ENT• Ru'e

o P F= =as su$$eeded %s >e t%t'ed t t=e <"u%ts < %ts udg-e t? A ot• M des < E < "$e-e t

o 3=%$= a"e A!a%'Ge e"a''y - st - des < e < "$e-e t a"e a!a%'a&'e t a y JC

S -e a"e - "e su%ted t - ey udg-e ts+est - de F%'' de;e d t=e <% a $%a' $%"$u-sta $es < t=e JD

• Ca use !I&C %ER IN AI! EN RCE/ENT +.o Ty;es

3a""a ts• 3a""a ts < se% u"e a d sa'e• 3a""a t < ; ssess%

+a "u;t$y• A;; % t-e t < "e$e%!e"• +a "u;t$y F% d% g u;

T=%"d Pa"ty• Atta$=-e t < de&ts• Atta$=-e t < ea" % gs

156 | P a g e



C=a"g% g "de"I sta'-e t "de"

*AT ERIN* IN R/ATI N• Ru'e

o JC $a use" !iscover: i Aid o7 E 7orceme t rder +. t assess JDsassets a d esta&'%s= F=%$= e < "$e-e t "de" %s a;;" ;"%ate

• Se"!%$eo Must &e se"!ed ;e"s a''y

• A;;'%$at%o JD atte ds $ u"t a d ;" du$es a y d $u-e ts "a' e!%de $e a& ut a y

;" ;e"ty $a;a&'e < sat%s<y% g t=e de&t R+.#0$,1)

WARRANT &EI "RE AN! &ALE• Ru'e

o JC $a a;;'y < " a Fa""a t < e e$ut% 7se% u"e # sa'e) r+-#0(• , "-a'%t%es R+-#04

o JC F%'' a;;'y F%t= ut t%$e t P" t= ta"y us% g , "- 6(Ao JC ;ays <eeso P" t= ta"y F%'' < "Fa"d &EALE! C P2 T & ERRI R

E?EC"TI N WIT A !IRECTI N R T E & ERRI T &EI E AN!&ELL PR PERT2 T &ATI& 2 T E W LE "!*/ENT !E3T,INCL"!IN* C &T WARRANT> PA&T WARRANT&> "!*/ENT>

C &T& F INTERE&T)• T%-% g

o 3a""a t F%'' &e !a'%d < " 1 yea" a d -ay &e e te ded < " 1 yea" R+-#05• Se% u"e < G ds

o , "$ed E t"yCa NOT < "$e e t"yI< e t"y %s t ;e"-%tted9 'y ;t% %s t sue < " $ te-;t < $ u"t

o Ty;e < P" ;e"ty A%AILA3LE R &EI "RERea' ;" ;e"ty9 ;e"s a' ;" ;e"ty9 - ey # &%''s < e $=a ge T3 1$(5S=e""%<< d es NOT =a!e t "e- !e assets9 %t %s su<<%$%e t t ;'a$e a

t%$e t=e g ds say% g t=ey =a!e &ee se% edo E $'uded P" ;e"ty

P" ;e"ty T AT W "L! 3E PR TECTE! IN T E E%ENT A3ANHR"PTC2 CAN N T 3E &EI E! &4$ &CA

• 3=e"e a T=%"d Pa"ty C'a%-s OF e"s=%; < Se% ed G dso Ru'e

Pa"ty $'a%-% g % te"est -ust <%'e t%$e F%t= t=e S=e""%<< R1$#0(o I te";'eade" Su-- s

I< JC $= ses t d%s;ute t=e $'a%-9 t=e S=e""%<< F%'' a;;'y t t=e $ u"t < "

a dete"-% at% as t F= se ;" ;e"ty %t %s R1$#0.o C te t

,"%e ds ;" ;e"ty%"ed ;" ;e"ty

15@ | P a g e



• Sa'e < Se% ed G dso Au$t%

Must &e at au$t% <%"st9 a d t=e $a &e s 'd at ;"%!ate sa'e %< au$t%<a%'s t att"a$t adeHuate &%ds

o M !ea&'e P" ;e"ty ,%"stS= u'd se'' - !ea&'e ;" ;e"ty &e< "e "ea' ;" ;e"ty

o P" $ess < Sa'e 7Ca-s N tes as P" &a&'y N t E a-% a&'e)!rder of Sale " per r#9.$4%

• ( ) 01here it appears to the Sheriff that the propert s"b!ect to lev "nde awarrant is more than s"fficient to satisf the amo"nt to be levied, he shall ta&e orsell so muc of t e 'ro'ert as a''ears to t e S eriff to e sufficient *

• (*) S"b!ect to paragraph (2), Sheriff shall ta3e or sell propet 4o (a) #n s"ch order as seems to the Sheriff best for the prompt exec"tion of

the warrant witho"t "nd"e expense5• (+) 6and shall not be p"t "p for sale "nder the warrant "ntil all other propert

liable to sale "nder the warrant has been sold "nless the debtor re7"ests

,ime lace and Mode of Sale 8per r#8.$/%• (1) 0 shall "pt "p for sale all propert laible to sale "nder a warrant4o (a) As earl as ma be having regard to the interests of the parties A.$o ( ) At t e 'lae 0 ic seems to t e S eriff est for a eneficial sale

of t e 'ro'ert• (9) #n the case of propert , other than land, which is liable for sale "nder a

warrant, the Sheriff ma as the Sheriff thin3s fit sell the propert either b privatecontract O: p"blic a"ction

Ad ertisement of Sale ( per ;<=>;)

3ANHR"PTC2 AN! WIN!IN* "P• P" $ess

o +a "u;t$y t%$e %s se"!ed t=e JD F=%$= "eHu%"es ;ay-e t % 1 days T31$-1

o ,a%'u"e t ;ay $ st%tutes a a$t < &a "u;t$y F=%$= e t%t'es t=e JC t ;"ese ta &a "u;t$y ;et%t% T3 1$-1

o I< JD %s t=e de$'a"ed &a "u;t9 t"ustee % &a "u;t$y %s a;; % ted t "e'easet=e &a "u;ts assets T3 1$-1

• I P"a$t%$eo May &e &ette" gett% g a % sta'-e t "de" as JDs $u""e t assets -ay t

sat%s<y t=e $'a%-9 es;e$%a''y $ s%de"% g t=e"e -ay &e t=e" $"ed%t "s t=ateed t &e ;a%d

EN RCE/ENT A*AIN&T T IR! PARTIE&• C te t

o JC -ay &e a&'e t $ ''e$t <" - a TP F= Fes t=e JD - eyo Re<e""ed t as a >atta$=-e t < de&t?

• Atta$=-e t < De&tso

OF% g a d A$$"ued T=e de&t -ust &e F% g a d a$$"ued r.1#0$

• 4 u $a NOT atta$= a <utu"e de&to +a A$$ u ts

15( | P a g e



I $'udes a y a- u t % t=e &a a$$ u t < t=e JD r.1#0(o C u"t O"de"

ReHu%"es a $ u"t "de" t &e -ade r.1#04A;;'y su-- s F%t= a<<%da!%ts 7 t%$e %s t "eHu%"ed)

• O"de"s -ust &e <%'ed a d se"!ed 0;a"t%es• Atta$=-e t 7Ga" %s=) < Ea" % gs

o 3=at %s %t3=e"e t=e JC %s ;a%d a "egu'a" a- u t d%"e$t'y <" - t=e ea" % gs < t=e

JDN te %t %s =%g='y "egu'ated &y rder .$

o ReHu%"e-e tsC u"t -ust &e sat%s<%ed ea" % gs a"e F%'' &e ;aya&'e t JDCa NOT ga" %s= t "edu$e ea" % gs &e' F t=e ;" te$ted ea" % gs "ater.$#05,5)Ca &e ad u" ed t a'' F e-;' ye" t atte d " ;" !%de % < "-at%

ea" % gs

C AR*IN* R!ER• 3=at %s %t

o C u"t "de"s a t%$e t=e ;" ;e"ty s t=at %t s= Fs a % te"est r.(#0$o O<te d e F%t= s=a"es " se$u"%t%eso % d < '% e a $a!eat9 &ut F%t= ut a ;" ;e"ty % te"est a d F%t= Fay - "e

$= $ 'ateG%!es ;"e<e"e $e !e" u se$u"ed $"ed%t "s

IN&TAL/ENT R!ER&• 3=at %s %t

o JD as s t=at =%s de&t &e ;a%d << % % sta'-e t rder +1 ud6me t !e<tRecover: Act 1'-4

• A;;'%$at%o O<te d e F%t= t=e $ se t < t=e JCo It %s ; ss%&'e t !a"y t=e te"-s 'ate" a;;'%$at%o 3=e g"a ted9 ;e"ates as a stay < t=e" e < "$e-e t -et= ds s' !RA

• 3=e 3%'' %t &e G"a tedo C u"t F%'' $ s%de":

Reas a&'e ess < ;ay-e t ;e"% d JDs ge u% e a&%'%ty t ;ay t=e % sta'-e ts

• Ne$essa"y '%!% g e ;e ses < t=e JD• 3=at %< JD D es NOT Pay I sta'-e ts

o C u"t $a %-;"%s JD < " u; t / days %< =e ;e"s%ste t'y a d F%'<u''y de<au'tsF%t= ut a = est a d "eas a&'e e $use s1' !RA

Re7ere ces8N tes a d < "-at a"e &ased Nat De!%tsa %s? tes

15* | P a g e



Ja-es e"ta a d HEARA &TRETT NK& N TE& A%E 3EEN A!!E!3AT/AN WA& %ER2 ELP "LCA/ AR%E2K& N TE& A%E 3EEN A!!E!&T"!2 !I&C"&&I N& WIT LAC LAN &ALT> ANNA KCALLA* AN> ALE?

2 R&T N> /IHE 3AILE2 F HEARA &TRETT N A%E 3EEN A!!E!Le$tu"e"s Fe"e G"eg Re% =a"dt9 a"% e Lud' F9 Ra da'' u e

civil procedure - exam notes (victoria, australia)

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