CIVIL RIGHTSActivism, new legislation, and the Supreme Court advance equal rights forAfrican Americans.

EQ What were the important people and

events of the Civil Rights Movement? How can we use this information to be better citizens today?

AKS 51a - explain the importance of President Truman's order to

integrate the U.S. military and the federal government 51b - identify Jackie Robinson and the integration of baseball 51c - explain Brown v. Board of Education and efforts to

resist the decision 51d - describe the significance of Martin Luther King, Jr.'s

Letter From a Birmingham Jail and his I Have A Dream speech

51e - describe the contrasting views of Stokely Carmichael, Malcolm X, and other radicals of the Civil Rights movement

51f - describe the causes and consequences of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965

WHAT DOES A 14 YEAR OLD BLACK BOY GET FOR WHISTLING AT A WHITE WOMAN IN 1955 MISSISSIPPI?

WHEN DID THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT START?

HAS IT ENDED?

TAKING ON SEGREGATION Activism and a series of Supreme Court

decisions advance equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s.

PLESSY V. FERGUSON 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling:

separate but equal constitutional Many states pass Jim Crow laws

separating the races

THE NAACP LEGAL STRATEGY Focuses on most glaring inequalities of

segregated public education Places team of law students under

Thurgood Marshall win 29 out of 32 cases argued before

Supreme Court

BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION Marshall’s greatest victory is

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

In 1954 case, Court unanimously strikes down school segregation

REACTION TO BROWN Within 1 year, over 500 school districts

desegregate Some districts, state officials, pro-white

groups actively resist

LITTLE ROCK NINE

Movie

REVIEW What Supreme Court decision

established “separate, but equal?” What Supreme Court decision

overturned “separate, but equal?” What is the name of the group that

famously tested this case in AK? What is the name of the 14-year old

boy brutally beaten in MS?

THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT 1955 NAACP officer Rosa Parks

arrested for not giving up seat on bus

Elect 26-year-old Baptist pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. leader

“SOUL FORCE” King, others found Southern

Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

Join Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)

Tactics: Civil disobedience, massive demonstrations, Non-violence

REVIEW1. Who founded the SCLC? What were their tactics?2. What was the result of Rosa Parks not giving up

her seat on a Montgomery, AL bus?3. What did SNCC stand for?4. What Supreme Court decision established

“separate, but equal?”5. What Supreme Court decision overturned

“separate, but equal?”6. What is the name of the group that famously

tested this case in AK?

SIT INS

CORE’S FREEDOM RIDES Freedom riders—blacks, whites sit,

use station facilities together Attorney general, Interstate Commerce

Commission act: ban segregation in all interstate travel

facilities

INTEGRATING OLE MISS 1962, federal court rules James

Meredith may enroll at U of MS

HEADING INTO BIRMINGHAM April 1963, SCLC demonstrate to

desegregate Birmingham King arrested, writes “Letter from

Birmingham Jail”

KENNEDY TAKES A STAND June, JFK sends troops to force Gov.

Wallace to desegregate U of AL

THE DREAM OF EQUALITY August 1963, over 250,000 people

converge on Washington Speakers demand immediate passage

of civil rights bill King gives “I Have a Dream” speech

I HAVE A DREAM…. What do you have a dream about? I have a dream….

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

LBJ SIGNS CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 prohibits discrimination because of

race, religion, gender

FREEDOM SUMMER Freedom Summer—CORE, SNCC

project to register blacks to vote in MS

Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party formed to get seat in MS party

Fannie Lou Hamer—voice of MFDP at National Convention—wins support

THE SELMA CAMPAIGN 1965, voting rights demonstrator killed

in Selma, AL Second march, with federal protection,

swells to 25,000 people

3-2-1 3 things you learned 2 things you want to learn more about 1 question you have

VOTING RIGHTS ACT OF 1965 Congress finally passes Voting Rights

Act of 1965 Stops literacy tests, allows federal

officials to enroll voters

AFRICAN-AMERICAN SOLIDARITY Malcolm X —controversial Muslim

leader, speaker; gets much publicity Stokely Carmichael, head of SNCC,

calls for Black Power: Black Panthers fight police brutality,

want black self-sufficiency Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent

confrontations with police

KING’S DEATH Seems to sense own death in Memphis

speech to striking workers Is shot, dies the following day, April 4,

1968 King’s death leads to worst urban rioting

in U.S. history over 100 cities affected

Robert Kennedy assassinated two months later

REVIEW1. Who were the Freedom Riders?2. What letter did King write after being arrested in

Birmingham?3. What happened during Freedom Summer?4. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1964?5. What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 change?6. Define Black Power. 7. Who were the Black Panthers?8. Who was Malcolm X?9. What happened after the death of MLK?

CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibits

discrimination in housing More black students finish high school,

college; get better jobs Greater pride in racial identity leads to Black

Studies programs More African-American participation in movies,

television Increased voter registration results in more

black elected officials

UNFINISHED BUSINESS White flight reverses much progress toward

school integration Unemployment, poverty higher than for

whites Affirmative action—extra effort to hire,

enroll discriminated groups 1960s, colleges, companies doing government

business adopt policy Late 1970s, some criticize policy as reverse

discrimination

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