civil rights, global migration, and multi-cultural education
TRANSCRIPT
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Construction of Meaning through
Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
Oakland University Center for Teaching and Learning
Faculty Development Institute
September 13, 2012
Session #11
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Session 1: Overview of PBL
AGENDA
12:00 – 12:15 Introductions
12:15 – 1:00 Rationale, History, and Models
of PBL
1:00 – 1:30 Group Discussion
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Introductions
Name
Department
Courses Taught
Interest in and Experience with
PBL
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Rationale
Dissatisfaction with traditional
lecture-based approach to
instruction in higher education
Need for new approaches to
teaching and learning that would
improve student engagement in the
learning process and maximize
student learning outcomes
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History
Originally developed as an
instructional model for medical
students at McMaster University
(Canada) in 1968
Currently used as the sole
instructional method in medical
schools across the country
Used in all levels of education
and in all disciplines/fields
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Definition
Instructional method through
which fundamental knowledge is
mastered by solving ill-
structured problems
Basic information, concepts,
and skills are thus acquired in a
contextually-bound format that
simulates real-world use and
application6
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Common Features of PBL
Learning is initiated by a problem
Problems are based on complex, real-world issues or situations
All information needed to solve the problem is not initially given
Students identify, find, and use appropriate resources in working
toward a solution
Students work in groups (usually permanent for the semester)
Learning is active, integrative, cumulative, and connected
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Example
http://video.search.yahoo.com/search/video;_ylt=
A0PDoS5n6FFQCzoA34qJzbkF?p=problem-
based%20learning&fr=yfp-t-701-s&fr2=piv-image
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Steps Involved in PBL
STEP I: Define the problem
STEP II: Discuss knowledge you think you already
have that relates to the problem
STEP III: Identify what additional information is needed
to solve the problem
STEP IV: Review the problem in light of the new
information and redefine the problem if
necessary
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Or…
Present the problem
Organize ideas and prior knowledge
Pose questions (what else do we need to know?)
Assign responsibility for questions; discuss potential sources of
additional information
Research questions; summarize; analyze findings
Reconvene, report on research
Integrate new information; refine questions and redefine the problem
as necessary
Final solution
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Common Models of PBL
Medical School (or Structured)
Floating Facilitator (or Guided)
Hybrid (Combines traditional lecture with PBL)
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Medical School Model
Stable, permanent groups of 5 – 10 students
May have a dedicated tutor
Very student-centered environment
Group discussion/work is the primary or sole classroom
activity
May be a good choice for…
Highly motivated, experienced learners
Small, upper-level seminar classes 12
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Floating Facilitator Model
More structured format
Greater degree of instructor input into the learning issues,
resources, and student group work
Instructor rotates through groups asking questions, guiding
discussion when appropriate, and checking understanding
Group size of 4-5 students
Groups report on findings followed by whole-class discussion or
mini-lectures
May be good for large, introductory level courses or courses in
which a TA is available to assist 13
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Hybrid Model
Non-exclusive use of PBL
Integrates PBL with other instructional methods
such as lecture, large-group discussion, etc.
Uses the PBL learning experience to enhance
and supplement knowledge gained in the class
May be good as an entry point for transforming a
course into a PBL format14
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Factors to Consider when Choosing a Model
Class size
Intellectual maturity of the learners
Student motivation
Course objectives and learning
outcomes
Instructor preferences
Availability of teaching assistants
or peer facilitators
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General Findings from Research on the
Effectiveness of PBL
Content and conceptual knowledge is
comparable or superior to that obtained
from traditional lecture-based courses
PBL leads to:
Improvement in student attitude and
performance
Deeper approach to learning
Improved interpersonal skills
Student acceptance of responsibility for learning
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Group Discussion
What are your thoughts now about
PBL?
What do you find interesting or
exciting about PBL?
What concerns would you have
about converting a class to a PBL
format? 17