civil rights movement objectives: explain the major figures, movements and actions of the civil...
TRANSCRIPT
CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT
Objectives:
Explain the major figures, movements and actions of the Civil Rights Movement in America.
BR - Rachel Carson reading and chart
Who Wanted But So
HW - june 2009 - 1-10
Intro - Review Case and decision of Plessy v Ferguson
1. Jackie Robinson
2. NAACP
3. BROWN DECISION
used courts and boycotts to achieve equality
Linda Brown - had to travel to segregated school in Topeka, Kansas
NAACP hires THURGOOD MARSHALL - argues that seg. lawsviolate 14th am. = protection clause - cause AA children psychological damage by lowering their self esteem
SC decides that "seperate but = has no place in public education"and orders "integration with all deliberate speed"
little immediate effect
Major league baseball player that broke the color barrier in the modern era
4. Rosa Parks
5. MLK JR and Southern Christian Leadership Counference
NAACP member - Montgomery, Alabama refused to give up seat on bus to white passenger
arrested and found guilty
appealed to SC
below organize a boycott of buses - eco loss causes them to reverse discr. policy before SC decision does
6. Civil Disobedience
7. Passive Resistance
8. Little Rock Crisis - 1957
refusal to obey unjust laws
ex: sits in at lunch counters of Woolworth's in Greensboro, NC - SNCC
non compliance to those in power
ex: boycott of buses in Montgomery Alabama by AAs
Gov Faubus in Arkansas refuse to comply with integration
National Guard sent into Central High School to "prevent riot" - instead white mob prevents LITTLE ROCK 9 from registering for school
Eisenhower sends in the 101st Airborne to escort students in....
9. Freedom Riders
10. Civil Rights Act of 1957 -
1960-
11. James Meredith
12. Letter from a Birmingham Jail
13. Medgar Evers
14. National Urban League
15. SNCC
group that rode buses in DEEP SOUTH to try and desegregate interstate busing - met with VIOLENCE - eventually successful
est commission to investigate racism in south and secure voting rights for AAs
increased AA voting rights
AA that tried to register at the U of MISSGovernor barred his entry - riot broke out - 2 killedKennedy sent in troops to help him register
MLK jailed for leading nonviolent marches to protest the lack of integrationhe paralleled AAs struggle with early Christians and Gandhi in India
(1963) - NAACP leader than was assassinated in his front yard by a member of the White Citizens' Council - man was not found guilty until 1994
Helped AAs find jobs in industry and aid Southern blacks moving North
16. Black Power
CORE
17. Nation of Islam
18. Malcolm X
19. Black Panthers
- separatist movement that believed in militant activism
civil rights group opposed to integration
separatist religious organization
leading figure in the Nation of Islam - assassinated after he promoted working together with white to end discrimination
militant African American separatist group
19. Kerner Commission
20. Civil Rights Act of 1964
of 1968
federal commission found that there were 2 Americas - 1 white and 1 black
created stiff penalties for those who practiced discrimination in voting or employment - withholds federal funding from schools or communities that practice discrimination
Bans discrimination in rental units and real estate transactions
21. Voting Rights Act of 1965
1970
22. Heart of Atlanta Hotel v US
23. Affirmative Action
24. Reverse Discrimination
Bakke v. the Regents of the University of California
25. 24th Amendment
suspended literacy tests in some areasprovides fed help to new voters
ends all literacy tests and est 30 day residency requirement
owner believed US gov could not regulate private local hotel
refused to comply with desegregation mandates
SC declared that Congress could regulate since he served individuals from other states - under the Interstate Commerce Clause
Certain percentage of positions are set aside for minority populations ---QUOTAS
majority population is denied a position due to Affirmative Action
argued that special admissions practices of Davis Medical College operated to exclude him on the basis of his race...a violation of the 14th amendments equal protection clause
SC decision- quotas were not unconstitutional innately but if their practice was discriminatory then they were illegal - Bakke was admitted to their medical school
prohibited poll taxes
ADD BAKER v CARR (1962) -
SC applied the 14th am. to equally sized election districts in TN where urban residents were under represented
this violation necessitated the "one person one vote" reapportioning of election districts
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