civil war and reconstruction part 1

8/7/2019 civil war and reconstruction part 1

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Civil War and Reconstruction

Part 1: North and South Differences

Christian Jones

Based on Oklahoma EOI Standards


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Southern Economy

The South's economy relied heavily on agriculture.

Crops grew very well in the temperate climates and fertile soil.

The main cropscotton, tobacco, sugar, and ricerequired thework of many people to be harvested, especially on largeplantations.

French convicts were cheap labor for the plantation owners inLouisiana, but they were not skilled to work the fields.

Slavery was a source of cheap labor for plantation owners, andthey were familiar with farming, especially rice crops.


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Northern Economy

The North's cold climate made farming in this region difficult.

Also, most of the soil was rocky and lacked necessary minerals forgrowing crops.

Instead, the North relied on industry for their economy.The textile, or cloth, industry was very important in the North.

The South sent its cotton to New England factories, where workers spun itinto cloth to make clothes, bedding, and other fabrics.

As the Industrial Revolution came to America, more and more factorieswere built in the North to make other goods which were sold all overthe U.S. The rapid construction of railroads provided the Northeast andthe Midwest with an extensive transportation system, whichcontributed greatly to their economic stimulation.


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Abolition andSlavery

Fredrick Douglass

Grimk SistersHarriet Tubman

Sojourner TruthWilliam Lloyd Garrison


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Fredrick Douglass

Born a slave in Maryland, FrederickDouglass escaped in 1838 andwent to Massachusetts.

He published his autobiography

called A Narrative of the Life ofFrederick Douglass, AnAmerican Slave in 1845.

He was a great speaker and gavemany speeches about hisexperience as a slave.

Douglass fought to abolish slaveryand get equality for AfricanAmericans.


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GrimkSisters

Angelina and Sarah Grimk grewup in a slave-owning family inSouth Carolina.

They saw how rough and mean

slave owners were to theirslaves.

The sisters moved to Philadelphiaand spoke out against slavery.

The sisters also joined the Quakersand used the Bible in theirarguments against slavery.


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Harriet Tubman

Harriet Tubman was an escaped slavewho helped other slaves escape onthe Underground Railroad, anetwork of people and homes whereescaped slaves could go on their

way to the North or Canada.

Tubman was a conductor on theUnderground Railroad, whichmeant she helped lead other slaveson the path to freedom.

She made nineteen trips to the Southand helped over 300 slaves escape.


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Sojourner Truth

Sojourner Truth was one of the mostimportant African Americans in theabolitionist movement.

She was born a slave called Isabella,

but she changed her name after sheachieved freedom.

She traveled as a speaker and becamevery important to both theabolitionist movement and thewomen's rights movement.

She was a very effective speaker eventhough she was illiterate.


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William LloydGarrison

William Lloyd Garrison wasan avid abolitionist.

He started an abolitionist

newspapercalled TheLiberator in the 1830s.

Garrison called for theimmediate emancipation of

all slaves, and in 1833, hestarted the American Anti-Slavery Society with otherabolitionists.


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Sectionalism

Sectionalism occurs when a person identifies with a particularsection or region of the nation as opposed to identifying withthe nation as a whole, ornationalism.

While nationalism was high in the early 1800s, the dramaticdifferences between the North and South led to a rise insectionalism.

Instead of feeling a sense of loyalty and pride for the United

States, people felt that pride for their own region.This led the members of some states to hold doctrines such as

popular sovereignty and nullification.


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PopularSovereignty

During the early and mid-19th century, popularsovereignty was a term that meant allowing eachstate or territory to decide for itself whether or not

slavery would be permitted.As new states were admitted into the Union, the federal

government tried to keep an equal balance betweenslave and free states.

When this was not plausible, new states were able todecide the slavery question through popularsovereignty.


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Nullification Crisis

The Nullification Crisis was a conflict over states' rights.

Congress enacted tariffs in 1828 and 1832 on imported goods in order to protect Americanfactories.

In response to the tariff, Vice President John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, an advocate of states'rights, wrote the "South Carolina Exposition and Protest" in which he argued that states could

declare an act of Congress null and void.

South Carolina decided to declare the tariffs null and void within their state , which meant theyrefused to follow the federal law.

South Carolina thought that the tariffs were unfair because they were forced to pay higher pricesfor goods.

South Carolina threatened to secede if the government tried to enforce the law, and PresidentJackson was getting ready to send troops to South Carolina.

Henry Clay introduced a new tariff, which lowered the tax rates over a few years, and SouthCarolina did not secede.

Vice President John C. Calhoun publicly disagreed with Jackson's position on the NullificationCrisis, which led to Calhoun's resignation of the vice presidency in 1832.


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Webster-Hayne Debate

In 1830, Senators Robert Hayne ofSouth Carolina and DanielWebster of Massachusettsdebated whether or not states had

the right to nullify a federal law.Robert Hayne argued that states had

the right to nullify a bill thatCongress had passed.

Daniel Webster argued that only the

Supreme Court had the right todecide whether or not a law wasconstitutional.

civil war and reconstruction part 1

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