civil war - apush
TRANSCRIPT
Civil War
Ramos APUSH Review B 2
• Idea that residents of a new territory should have the right to choose whether slavery would be legal or illegal there
• Douglas and the Kansas-Nebraska Act
• “Bleeding Kansas”
Popular
Sovereignty
Illinois Senator Stephen A. Douglas
Cartoon caption: “Liberty, the fair maid of Kansas in the hands of the “border ruffians”
Sectionalism and Causes of Civil War
• Miss Missouri Compromise, 1820
• Nully Nullification Controversy, 1832
• Gagged Gag Rule, 1836
• When Wilmot Proviso, 1848
• Clay‘s Compromise of 1850
• Kangaroo Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
• Bit ― Bleeding Kansas‖
• Dumb Dred Scott case, 1857
• John‘s John Brown, 1859
• Ear Election of 1860
Election 1860
• SC Secession
• MS, FL, AL, GA, TX, LA follow
Civil War 1861-1865
• Fort Sumter (April 1861)
• Anaconda Plan: Union blockade designed to strangle the South
• 1st Bull Run (1861)—1st land battle of Civil War
• Shiloh—1st extremely bloody battle of the war (TN); Grant wins
• Peninsula Campaign (1862): McClellan fails to take Richmond; Leebecomes commander
• Antietam (1862): Lee fails to successfully invade Maryland; Lincoln issues
• Emancipation Proclamation
• Gettysburg (1863): Military turning point of the war; Confederates never fully recover
• Vicksburg (1863): Union gains control of Mississippi River
• Grant‘s Wilderness campaign and drive into Richmond: 1864-65
• Appomattox Court House (April 1865): Lee surrenders to Grant
Ramos APUSH Review B 6
• First military draft in U.S. history (1863)
• Exceptions: substitutes, slave owners
• New York City draft riots
• Other drafts in American history
Conscription
and the Draft
Controversy
Diplomacy During Civil War
• Secretary of State William H. Seward
• Trent Affair, 1862 –U.S. arrested two Confederate diplomats on a British ship.
• Alabama issue— U.S. demanded British cooperation in not helping Rebs.
• Charles Francis Adams—U.S. ambassador to Britain who helped keep her neutral.
• Ultimatum to French in Mexico, Maximilian—French forces left Mexico in 1867
• Purchase of Alaska, 1867 (―Seward‘s Folly)
Impact of Civ War
• Social
– Abolition of slavery
– Blacks disenfranchised and segregated
• Economic
– Pacific Railway Act, 1862 (transcontinental railroad)
– Banking Act, 1863
– Morrill Tariff (increase)
– Homestead Act, 1862
– Morrill Land Grant Act
Ramos APUSH Review B 9
• Both enacted in 1862 during the Civil War
• Both encouraged western expansion and settlement
• Pacific Railway Acts
• Homestead Act
Transcontinental
Railroad •
Homestead Act
Impact of Civil War
• Constitutional
– 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments
– States could not leave the Union
• Political
– Military Reconstruction Act, 1867
– Republicans dominated the White House for the next 50 years.
– Solid South‖: Southern ―Redeemers‖ eventually regained control of the South
Ramos APUSH Review B 11
• Habeas corpus: a person cannot be held in jail indefinitely without formal charges being filed against them
• “Copperheads”/“Peace Democrats”
• Ex parte Merriman
• Long-term effects of suspending habeas corpus
Suspension of Habeas Corpus during the
Civil War
Chief Justice Roger Taney
Reconstruction 1865-1877• Reintegrate Confederate states
• Freedmen’s Bureau
• Military Reconstruction Act (1867) placed southern states under martial law and forced states to ratify the 14th Amendment to be readmitted to the Union.
• Civil Rights Act of 1875 sought to end segregation and discrimination in public places
• KKK terrorism reduced political influence of southern blacks (and white Republicans)
• Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction – Northerners got their candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes,
elected president
– Southerners saw the Union Army removed from the last three Reconstruction states of Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina
Ramos APUSH Review B 13
• Many freedmen couldn’t afford their own land
• Sharecropping: landholders divided their property into plots and provided farmers on each plot with seed and farm implements to work the land
• The sharecropper used a portion of his crop to pay the landholder
• Landholders often abused the system
Sharecropping
Ramos APUSH Review B 14
• Originally organized as a social club for Confederate veterans
• Top goal became assuring white supremacy
• Violent tactics
• Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871 • decline of the KKK
• Revivals in the 1920s, 1950s and 1960s
The Ku Klux Klan
Former Confederate general Nathan Bedford Forrest, the first Grand Wizard of the KKK
Reconstruction Amendements
• 13th Amendment: abolished slavery
• 14th Amendment: Provided citizenship to
African Americans
• 15th Amendment: Guaranteed voting rights
for African Americans