Civil War!!Civil War!!

Events Leading to…(ReCap)Events Leading to…(ReCap)

Missouri Compromise Missouri Compromise Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Laws/Personal Fugitive Slave Laws/Personal Liberty LawsLiberty Laws

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas

Dred ScottDred Scott Dred Scott was a slave; owner takes Scott with him to Dred Scott was a slave; owner takes Scott with him to

Illinois & Wisconsin (free states) to liveIllinois & Wisconsin (free states) to live 4 years later Scott & his master move back to Missouri4 years later Scott & his master move back to Missouri Scott’s master died & Scott sues for freedomScott’s master died & Scott sues for freedom Scott argued he should be free on the grounds that he Scott argued he should be free on the grounds that he

became free when entering a free statebecame free when entering a free state Missouri Court ruled against Scott; case went to the US Missouri Court ruled against Scott; case went to the US

Supreme CourtSupreme Court March 6, 1857 – Chief Justice Roger Taney upheld the ruling March 6, 1857 – Chief Justice Roger Taney upheld the ruling

against Scott, saying Scott had no right to sue because he against Scott, saying Scott had no right to sue because he was considered propertywas considered property

Huge victory for slave supporters; slavery cannot be Huge victory for slave supporters; slavery cannot be prohibitedprohibited

Lincoln-Douglas DebatesLincoln-Douglas Debates Stephen Douglas is running for re-election as Stephen Douglas is running for re-election as

Senator for Illinois (1858)Senator for Illinois (1858) Running against him is Abraham Lincoln Running against him is Abraham Lincoln

(Republican)(Republican) Douglas is against slavery, but runs a “popular Douglas is against slavery, but runs a “popular

sovereignty” campaignsovereignty” campaign– He argues Popular Sovereignty would allow slavery to He argues Popular Sovereignty would allow slavery to

“pass away” (tries to get support from North & South)“pass away” (tries to get support from North & South) Lincoln argues anti-slaveryLincoln argues anti-slavery Both participate in a series of debates over Both participate in a series of debates over

slaveryslavery Douglas wins the Senate seat, but Lincoln gains Douglas wins the Senate seat, but Lincoln gains

respectrespect

Harper’s FerryHarper’s Ferry October 16, 1859 John Brown led 21 men to Harpers Ferry, October 16, 1859 John Brown led 21 men to Harpers Ferry,

VirginiaVirginia Goal was to capture the US arsenal and use the guns to Goal was to capture the US arsenal and use the guns to

arm the local slaves for an uprisingarm the local slaves for an uprising Attack goes wrong; Brown and his men get trapped in the Attack goes wrong; Brown and his men get trapped in the

arsenalarsenal US Army is sent inUS Army is sent in 10 men were killed (including 2 of Brown’s sons)10 men were killed (including 2 of Brown’s sons) Brown is wounded, captured, and put on trial for treasonBrown is wounded, captured, and put on trial for treason Brown is found guilty of treason and hangedBrown is found guilty of treason and hanged Event causes further split between North & SouthEvent causes further split between North & South

– South views Brown as evilSouth views Brown as evil– North views Brown as a martyrNorth views Brown as a martyr

Election of 1860Election of 1860 Republican Party surprises many, nominates Abraham Republican Party surprises many, nominates Abraham

Lincoln as their presidential candidateLincoln as their presidential candidate Lincoln campaigns against spread of slavery, but promises Lincoln campaigns against spread of slavery, but promises

no interference with slavery in the Southno interference with slavery in the South Southerners don’t believe Lincoln’s promise; most states Southerners don’t believe Lincoln’s promise; most states

leave him off their ballotsleave him off their ballots 4 major candidates, which splits the votes4 major candidates, which splits the votes Lincoln won the election, but received less than ½ of the Lincoln won the election, but received less than ½ of the

popular vote (wins no Southern state)popular vote (wins no Southern state) South upset that Lincoln wins, feeling they have no political South upset that Lincoln wins, feeling they have no political

powerpower South uses election to argue conflict between state’s rights South uses election to argue conflict between state’s rights

and federal control – leads to secessionand federal control – leads to secession

Secession! (Not succession)Secession! (Not succession) Lower South secedes, led by SC.Lower South secedes, led by SC.

– TX, LA, Miss, AL, GA, SC, & FL form Confederate States of Am.TX, LA, Miss, AL, GA, SC, & FL form Confederate States of Am.– ““states voluntarily joined USA; they could also choose to states voluntarily joined USA; they could also choose to

leave”leave”– Jefferson Davis chosen as President of CSAJefferson Davis chosen as President of CSA

Lincoln has 3 optionsLincoln has 3 options– Let South go in peaceLet South go in peace– Offer a compromiseOffer a compromise– Make South return to the union (war)Make South return to the union (war)

War begins at Fort Sumter, SC (April 12, 1861)War begins at Fort Sumter, SC (April 12, 1861)– Union troops stationed in Charleston control Ft. SumterUnion troops stationed in Charleston control Ft. Sumter– Supply ship turned away in January by southern blockadeSupply ship turned away in January by southern blockade– Lincoln sends supplies again; Davis orders attack on Ft. SumterLincoln sends supplies again; Davis orders attack on Ft. Sumter– Southern troops bombard Ft. Sumter; Union troops give upSouthern troops bombard Ft. Sumter; Union troops give up

War!!!War!!! Attack on Fort Sumter is open act of aggression; Lincoln Attack on Fort Sumter is open act of aggression; Lincoln

calls for volunteer troops to attack Southcalls for volunteer troops to attack South Virginia is unwilling to fight fellow SouthernersVirginia is unwilling to fight fellow Southerners

– VA secedes on April 17; 3 more states follow (NC, TN, AK)VA secedes on April 17; 3 more states follow (NC, TN, AK)– Loss of VA is major blow to North (large pop & some industry)Loss of VA is major blow to North (large pop & some industry)– Western VA secedes from VA; will form West Virginia in 1863Western VA secedes from VA; will form West Virginia in 1863

Advantages/DisadvantagesAdvantages/Disadvantages– Population: North has 22 million, South has 9 million (4 million Population: North has 22 million, South has 9 million (4 million

are slavesare slaves– 90% of all US factories are in the North90% of all US factories are in the North– 2x as many railroads in the North2x as many railroads in the North– South had geographic advantage (knowledge of the land)South had geographic advantage (knowledge of the land)– South had a “cause” as well as better military leadersSouth had a “cause” as well as better military leaders

Battle StrategiesBattle Strategies Northern had to conquer South in order to winNorthern had to conquer South in order to win Battle Strategy called the “Anaconda Plan” – 3 partsBattle Strategy called the “Anaconda Plan” – 3 parts

– Blockade southern ports; cut off imports & exportsBlockade southern ports; cut off imports & exports– Take control of Mississippi River; cut the South in ½ Take control of Mississippi River; cut the South in ½ – Take Southern capital of Richmond, VATake Southern capital of Richmond, VA

Southern Strategy is defensiveSouthern Strategy is defensive– Trying to win independence; mainly have to defend & prolong Trying to win independence; mainly have to defend & prolong

warwar– Southern leaders encouraged to attack if opportunity arisesSouthern leaders encouraged to attack if opportunity arises– Invasion of North possibleInvasion of North possible

Major LeadersMajor Leaders– North: McLellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant, ShermanNorth: McLellan, Burnside, Hooker, Meade, Grant, Sherman– South: Lee, JacksonSouth: Lee, Jackson

Union Generals: Top (l-r) – McLellan, Burnside, Hooker; Bottom (l-r) – Meade, Grant, Sherman

Confederate Generals – Robert E. Lee & Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

Major BattlesMajor Battles Bull Run – 1Bull Run – 1stst fighting of the war; South wins fighting of the war; South wins Monitor v. Merrimack – 1Monitor v. Merrimack – 1stst ironclad battleships ironclad battleships Antietam – bloodiest single day of fighting; Lincoln issues Antietam – bloodiest single day of fighting; Lincoln issues

Emancipation Proclamation (British stay out)Emancipation Proclamation (British stay out) Fredericksburg – greatest victory for SouthFredericksburg – greatest victory for South Chancellorsville – Stonewall Jackson killedChancellorsville – Stonewall Jackson killed Gettysburg – TURNING POINT of the war; South fights Gettysburg – TURNING POINT of the war; South fights

defensively for remainder of wardefensively for remainder of war Vicksburg – splits South in ½; North controls Miss.R.Vicksburg – splits South in ½; North controls Miss.R. Atlanta/Sherman’s March – assures Lincoln’s re-election; Atlanta/Sherman’s March – assures Lincoln’s re-election;

cripples Southern moralecripples Southern morale Appomattox Courthouse – General Lee surrenders ending Appomattox Courthouse – General Lee surrenders ending

the warthe war