civil war. fundamental causes immediate causes blockade confederacy border states arsenal ...
TRANSCRIPT
Terms to Know
Fundamental Causes Immediate Causes Blockade Confederacy Border States Arsenal Gettysburg Address Emancipation Proclamation Draft
FUNDAMENTAL CAUSES
Fundamental Causes are events that happen over a period of time and do not DIRECTLY lead to the event.
For Example:1. Slavery2. Economic Differences3. Sectionalism
IMMEDIATE CAUSES
Immediate causes are events that happen right before the major event and lead DIRECTLY to the event
For Example: 1. John Brown’s Raid on Harpers’ Ferry 2. The Election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 3. South Carolina secedes from the Union
A. Seven States Secede
1. The Original Confederate States of America (see map)
a. South Carolina (The first to secede)b. Georgiac. Floridad. Alabamae. Mississippif. Louisianag. Texas
These states make up the Deep South.
ORIGINAL CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina
I. The Road To War
Confederate capital formed – was originally Montgomery, Alabama, but was later moved to Richmond, Virginia.
Confederate president – Jefferson Davis
Confederate vice-president – Alexander Stephens (from Georgia). He was against secession, but was still respected by all Southerners.
I. The Road To War
Fort Sumter protects Charleston, South Carolina
The fort was controlled by the Union (North).
South Carolina fired cannons at Fort Sumter and forced the Union to surrender the fort to the Confederacy.
This is considered the start of the Civil War.
I. The Road to War
After the attack on Fort Sumter, four more states joined the Confederacy
1. Virginia 2. Tennessee 3. North Carolina 4. Arkansas
This brings our total number of Confederate States to 11.
I. The Road to War
4 states had slaves but refused to join the Confederacy. 1. Missouri 2. Kentucky 3. Maryland 4. Delaware
II. CIVIL WAR ADVANTAGES
NORTH SOUTH
Greater population to draft from.
Better Industry to produce weapons and food.
An established government and military
More Railroads
Home field advantage – although it destroyed the land, they knew the land.
Better military leaders in the beginning.
Felt they were fighting for a cause (States Rights)
III. Strategies
NORTH (ANACONDA PLAN) SOUTH (KING COTTON DIPLOMACY)
Use their well established navy to create a blockade around the South.
Take Control of the Mississippi River.
Use blockade runners to sneak past the blockade.
Convince England that they need cotton so bad that they would break through the blockade and help the South.
Fight defensively, make the Union attack them in battles.
Civil War Battles
Battle of Bull Run First Battle of the Civil War. Won by the Confederacy (big surprise to
everybody) Showed both sides that it was going to be a
long war.
Battles Continued
Battle of Antietam1. Single bloodiest day in American History with over 23,000 casualties (killed, wounded, or missing) in a 10 hour period.2. Fought in Maryland (border state)3. After the battle, Abraham Lincoln thought he could convince the South to surrender so he issued the Emancipation Proclamation.
Battles Continued
Battle of Vicksburg Won by the North and gave them control of
the Mississippi River. North was led by Ulysses S. Grant. Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas were cut off
from the rest of the Confederacy.
Battles Continued
Battle of Gettysburg Only Civil War battle fought in a free state
(Pennsylvania) Won by the North Over 46,000 casualties Was the turning point of the war. Most people
felt that whoever won this battle would win the whole war. They were right.
Battles continued
Battle of Chickamauga Largest battle fought in Georgia (just over the
border from Chattanooga, TN) Won by the Confederacy, but they still had to
retreat Gave the North a staging point from which to
attack Atlanta (the industrial center of the South)
Battles Continued
Fort Pulaski Protected Savannah, GA. Union forces attacked from Tybee Island with
rifled cannons, which shoot farther. South was forced to surrender and the North
could take control of Savannah, GA.
Battles Continued
Battle of Appomattox Last battle of the Civil War Afterwards, Robert E. Lee surrendered to
Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse, which marks the end of the Civil War.
V. Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
Leaders: William T. Sherman
– told by Ulysses S. Grant to take control of Atlanta’s transportation and industry.
James Johnston – first put in charge of protecting Atlanta
John B. Hood – replaced Johnston.
Sherman’s campaign continued
Battles fought between Chattanooga and Atlanta Dalton Resaca New Hope Allatoona Kennesaw Mountain (won by South) Jonesboro
Sherman’s Campaign Continued
Sherman’s March to the Sea Went from Atlanta to Savannah Destroyed everything in their path to make
Georgia want to quit fighting. Savannah offered to Lincoln as a Christmas
present.