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Civil WarPOLITICS AND ECONOMICS
I. President Abraham Lincoln 1861-
1865
A. First inaugural address
B. Lincolns cabinet
C. Savvy able leader
II. Attack on Fort Sumter April 12
1861
A. Federal fort in S.C.
B. Lincolns dilemma
C. April 12th Sumter attacked
D. Lincolns response
E. 4 more states secede: VA, AK, TN, NC
III. The Border Slave States (MO, KY, MD, later WV)
Why were these states so important?
A. Remain in the Union
B. Some forced
C. Politically important
Who has the
advantage
IV. Confederate Assets
A. Defensive advantage
B. Some superior moral position/ states rights
C. Excellent military leaders
D. Agricultural lifestyle made good soldiers
V. Confederate Weaknesses
A. Lack of significant industrial capacity/ South was primarily
agricultural.
B. Severe supply shortages
C. Lack of Southern railroads/ destruction
D. No foreign intervention.
E. How could the confederates have won?
VI. Northern Advantages
A. Union pop: 22 mil
B. ¾ the nations wealth
C. 75% of the nations railroads
D. Union control of the sea
E. Union sentiment
F. Better logistics, planning, and weapons
VII. The confederate states of
America
A. Constitution similar
B. Jefferson's Davis’ strong gov. opposed
VIII. European Diplomacy during
the War
A. Monarchies supported confederate cause
B. Britain kind of neutral
C. French Diplomacy
IX. Raising Armies: North and South
A. Northern troops” volunteers, Federal conscription law, new York
draft riots, immigration
B. South: volunteers than conscripts
C. African Americans in the north
D. Slaves in the south
E. Native Americans
X. Civil War Economics
A. North: income tax, Morrill tariff act, national banking system,
greenbacks
B. South: blockade limited customs, bonds, taxes, paper money-
inflation
C. Prosperity in the north
Millionaire class, use of machinery expanded,
Westward movement: Homestead act 1862, Morrill land grant act,
pacific railway act
D. Demise of king cotton
XI. Lincoln and the suspension of
civil liberties
A. War time president
B. The blockade/ anaconda plan
C. Increasing military w/o approval
D. Extended enlistments
E. Advanced 2 mil
F. Suspended Habeas Corpus
G. Voting in boarder states
H. Newspapers suspended
XII. The Civil War was the first
“modern” war (“total war”)
Civilians eventually became targets of enemy armies.
Southern plantations were intentionally destroyed by Union armies.
Some southern cities experienced utter destruction.
Much of society’s resources were allocated to the war effort.
The massive size of Civil War armies foreshadowed 20th century wars.
Modern technology and logistics
The Minie ball, used in both Union and Confederate muskets, were devastating to soldiers.
Ironclads foreshadowed steel navies.
The railroad transformed war logistics..
Civil War1861-1865
I. Union War Strategy
4 phases
• Anaconda plan
• Control the Mississippi
• Devastate the south
• Capture Richmond
II. The Civil War Begins 1861
A. Battle of Bull Run
B. General George B. McClellan
1. overcautious, and worried about being outnumbered
War in the east 1961
The Union Blockade
War in the Eastern theater 1862
The Emancipation Proclamation
The War in the West
War in the East: Lee's last victories
Union Corps Casualties (k/w/m)
I Corps 6059 (666/3231/2162)
II Corps 4369 (797/3194/378)
III Corps 4211 (593/3029/589)
V Corps 2187 (365/1611/211)
VI Corps 242 (27/185/30)
XI Corps 3807 (369/1924/1514)
XII Corps 1082 (204/812/66)
Cavalry Corps 852 (91/354/407)
Artillery Reserve 242 (43/187/12)Confederate Corps Casualties (k/w/m)
First Corps 7665
(1617/4205/1843)
Second Corps 6686
(1301/3629/1756)
Third Corps 8495
(1724/4683/2088)
Cavalry Corps 380 (66/174/140)
The end of war in the West
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/the-union-siege-of-vicksburg-
video
End of War in the East
https://w
ww.yo
utube.
com/w
atch?v
=x5fbY
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