civil war plans and early battles chapter 11 section 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Civil War Plans and Early BattlesChapter 11 Section 1
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• Contrast the resources and strategies of the North and South.
• Describe the outcomes and effects of the early battles of the Civil War.
Objectives
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Northern Advantages
• Population 22 Million, South 3.5 Million whites, 5.5 million slaves
• 85% of the nation’s industry. NY alone out-produced the entire south
• Southern slave system slowed industrial development
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• The north had 20,000 miles of railroad track while the south had 9,000
• The north had the U.S. Navy, while the south had no Navy to start the war.
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Southern Advantages
• They only had to play defense
• They had excellent military leadership
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Southern Plan for Victory
• Capture Washington, D.C.
• Strike through the Shenandoah Valley
• Gain European support
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Anaconda Plan
• Union plan for victory:• 1: Capture Richmond,
the Confederate capital.
• 2: Gain control of the Mississippi River
• 3: Institute a naval blockade of the south.
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Lincoln’s War Strategy
• was initially to preserve the Union
• was aimed at keeping the four border states in the Union, even though they allowed slavery. He thought this was crucial to winning the war
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The border states did not join the Confederacy. They stayed in the Union.
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• The East—Manassas and later Richmond, Virginia
• The Mississippi Valley—western Kentucky, Tennessee, and then Shiloh and the port of New Orleans
• The Southwest—New Mexico
Early battles of the Civil War occurred in three areas of the North American continent.
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First Battle of Bull Run
• Lincoln ordered his troops to march on the Confederate capital of Richmond
• They were met by Confederate troops at Manassas Junction about 30 miles from D.C.
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• The Confederates held the high ground and were able to send the Union troops running back
• Bull Run convinced people the war was not going to be a quick and easy affair
• Both sides began to train and prepare more seriously
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The Battle of Shiloh
• General Grant defeated the Confederates at Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, giving the North control over Tennessee and Kentucky
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Grant was marching towards Mississippi when he met up with
Confederate General P.T. Beauregard
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• Grant was surprised by the attack and his troops were forced back
• They were able to regroup the next day and their counterattack was able to defeat the southerners
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New Orleans
• Union control of the Mississippi River depended on taking New Orleans
• Admiral David Farragut attacked and took the city
• The loss of its largest and most profitable city was a blow to southern morale
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• Both the North and the South were shocked by the large number of dead and injured from the battles.
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• Contrast the resources and strategies of the North and South.
• Describe the outcomes and effects of the early battles of the Civil War.
Objectives