Civil War Test 87.5% Average Test Corrections: Before school, Wednesday 10/28 or Wednesday 11/4 Reconstruction Brain Dump Groups of 4 No phones 1 Surface/Laptop Per Group Download worksheet from website 15 points total Top 3: Extra credit! Reconstruction Brain Dump Stage 1: Fill in as much as you can from memory, general knowledge. Reconstruction Brain Dump Stage 2: Fill in as much as you can from the textbook (Chapter 11). Reconstruction Brain Dump Stage 3: Fill in as much as you can using whatever resource you want Reconstruction Brain Dump Stage 4:your document to Mr. Buker Warm Up How do you reconcile a fight with a friend? Reconstruction How do you reconcile a fight with a friend when 700,000 people died? Slavery Did Not Die Honestly How was the Civil War both the cause and product of revolutions? Was the Civil War a revolution in its own right? Was Southern society broken? What groups were involved in Reconstruction? How did the Civil War change the definition of human rights? What is the authors message? Why does he bring in modern politics? What is the significance of the following quote: Racism-like the constitutional persuasions sometimes practiced, wittingly or not, to defend it- never dies honestly. History is never so easy Slavery Did Not Die Honestly The 14 th Amendment: Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. What is this saying? What was the original purpose of the 14 th Amendment? Slavery Did Not Die Honestly Are there lasting impacts of Reconstruction? What are they? Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln assassinated With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan; to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. Lincolns assassination changes the course of Reconstruction Reconstruction Abraham Lincoln assassinated With malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in; to bind up the nation's wounds; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphan; to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. Lincolns assassination changes the course of Reconstruction Take Out Huck Finn Song Lyrics and Explanations SS Notes Huck Finn Lyrics Activity 1.Listen to someones song while reading their lyrics 2.On their sheet, write: 1.Your name 2.Do you approve of connection? 3.1 specific example from Huck Finn that shares the same theme Ex: Friendship - HF recognizes how much Jim cares for him and how much he cares for Jim after HF pranks Jim after the fog. You need at least 3 people to listen and respond to your song. Huck Finn Jigsaw Work on your written response to Jigsaw Question with your table group Responses MUST include: Complete sentences Essay organizaton A clear thesis statement that responds to the prompt (label thesis). Title, Author, Genre (TAG) (label) Brief context information (label) 2 specific references to the book (w page citations). (label) Homework Read and complete study guide for next two chapters Warm Up What problems did the country face with Reconstruction? What were the different groups that emerged during Reconstruction? Reconstruction Lincolns Plan: -Moderate -Focused on reunification -Loath of Loyalty for Confederate States -Excluded Military Officers, Judges, Congressmen, Confederate soldiers who didnt treat black soldiers as POWs -Supported by conservative and moderate Republicans -Opposed by Radical Republicans -Wanted sweeping reform of South Andrew Johnson A combative man who lacked most president virtues. Essentially illiterate, Johnson was provincial and bigoted- he harbored fierce prejudices. He was also short-tempered and impetuous What does this quote tell you about Johnson? Andrew Johnson Southern Democrat Pro-Union Favored small farmers Opposed bloated, corrupted aristocracy Racist: Damn the negroes, I am fighting those traitorous aristocrats, their masters Strict Constructionist Andrew Johnson Johnsons Plan: -New State Constitution -New State Government -Repeal Secession -Cancel War Debts -Ratify 13 th Ammendment The white man alone must manage the South 13 th Amendment January of 1865 Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Congress During Reconstruction End of 1865: Every Southern State had created New Government Federal Congress dominated by Radical Republicans -Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner 40 acres and a mule Remember Charles Sumner? Congress During Reconstruction The Civil Rights Act All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed were citizens entitled to full and equal protection of all laws Vetoed by Andrew Johnson This claim is modest for a man made President by an assassin Overturned by Congress Congress During Reconstruction Congress needs to justify Civil Rights Act All persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed were citizens entitled to full and equal protection of all laws How can they make this Constitutional? Congress During Reconstruction The 14 th Amendment Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. Problems During Reconstruction Using Chapter 11 from the textbook, fill in the left column with problems the country faced during Reconstruction, as well as a brief description of the problem Test Corrections Still an option, before or after school Excluding Wednesday 10/28 (staff meeting) Reconstruction: Questions What should happen to Confederate leaders? Who should rebuild the South? What should happen to former slaves? Land? Education? Social Equality? Voting Rights? Why is Andrew Johnson so awful? What path should Congress take? How can the North enforce these changes? The New South Total War destroyed Southern Infrastructure Property values plummeted Cotton plantations either seized by government or destroyed Labor system left in disarray The New South Southern defeat transformed Southern Society Union soldiers sent to maintain order Every day, every hour that I live increases my hatred and detestation, and loathing of that race. They [Yankees] disgrace our common humanity. As a people I consider them vastly inferior to the better classes of our slaves." Distrust of Yankees instilled in Southerners "Fear God, love the South, and live to avenge me" Andrew Johnson: Problems Johnson withdrew Union troops from South Southern governments began to set up "black codes Laws intended to restrict freedom and rights to African-Americans Spelled out rights for African-Americans: Work for wages, own property, marry, file lawsuits Could not vote, serve on juries, become citizens Ensured a workforce for plantation owners Forced former slaves to sign work contracts "Maintained" social structure in South by preventing upward mobility for African-Americans Andrew Johnson: Problems Vetoed Civil Rights Act and Freedmans Bureau Freedmen's Bureau: Established March 3, 1865 by Congress in order to provide "such issues of provisions, clothing, and fuel to relieve destitute and suffering refugees and freedmen and their wives and children Negotiated labor contracts Set up schools- Fisk and Howard University Provided food and housing Could divide confiscated Southern plantations in order to provide for former slaves Johnson Vetoed Freedmens Bureau Confiscated land back to Southerners Sharecropping Andrew Johnson: Problems Johnsons Plan clashes with Radical Republicans in Congress Congress Takes Control Congress passes Reconstruction Acts of 1867 South divided into 5 military districts Expected to create new Constitutions Congress Takes Control Johnson throws a fit Congress responds with 2 new acts Command of Army Act Limits Presidential military power Tenure of Office Act President banned from firing federal officials without Johnson throws a fit Fires Edwin Stanton (Sec. of War) Congress votes to remove Johnson from office The Election of 1868 Former Confederates barred from voting 3 Groups Emerge in the South: Freedmen New Voters Mainly Republican (duh) Scalawags White Southerners who opposed secession Poor farmers Republicans Carpetbaggers Former Soldiers Republicans Flooded South to grab political opportunity The Election of 1868 Grant (Republican) wins 4 th youngest President (46) Great beard The Election of 1868 Grants win gives Republicans control Plans went unabated 15 th Amendment Passed The 15 th Amendment Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation White Resistance to Reconstruction Former Confederate States actively oppose Reconstruction Angry about voting rights Refuse to support Reconstruction Governments Voting rights Higher taxes Land loss Radical Southerners begin to form terrorist groups KKK White Brotherhood Knights of Camile The Ku Klux Klan Kyklos Clan Formed by former Confederate Soldiers Led by Nathan Bedford Forrest First Imperial Grand Wizard Attempted to end black: Voting Rights Education Social Advancement Right to Bear Arms The Ku Klux Klan In effect, the Klan was a military force serving the interests of the Democratic party, the planter class, and all those who desired restoration of white supremacy. Its purposes were political, but political in the broadest sense, for it sought to affect power relations, both public and private, throughout Southern society. It aimed to reverse the interlocking changes sweeping over the South during Reconstruction: to destroy the Republican party's infrastructure, undermine the Reconstruction state, reestablish control of the black labor force, and restore racial subordination in every aspect of Southern life. Erik Foner Bellingham, 1926 Election of : Congress grants amnesty to most former Confederates Grant growing tired of Reconstruction Election of 1876 Election ends without clear winner: Florida, South Carolina and Louisiana were disputed Sent to House of Reps Compromise of 1877: Hayes becomes President Troops removed from South Reconstruction ended Redeemer Governments White supremacists gain power in Southern "Redeemer Governments Southern States pass laws to prohibit African- Americans from voting Poll Tax: Made voting a luxury that many African- Americans couldn't afford Literacy Tests: Tests administered to African-Americans to test their "ability" to vote effectively Grandfather Clauses: Excused whites from having to pay tax or take literacy tests Segregation re-established by Jim Crow Laws Warm Up What were the biggest problems to solve during Reconstruction? What different groups emerged during Reconstruction? Reconstruction Activity You need: 1 packet of documents 11x17 piece of paper Something to write with Reconstruction Activity Today your table group will complete a series of tasks in order to answer the prompt In pairs, you will respond to the prompt tomorrow Write the prompt in the middle of the top of your paper: What caused Reconstruction to fail? Reconstruction Activity First Task Rank your evidence from most important to least important This is a strict ranking No clustering or combining Reconstruction Activity Second Task Flip your paper over Write the event (Reconstruction) in the center of your paper Position evidence on the paper so that long term evidence is furtherst away from the event, and short term causes are close to the event Reconstruction Activity Third Task Put your evidence into 2-4 categories Label each category with a simply heading Reconstruction Activity Fourth Task Put your evidence into 2-4 categories Label each category with a simply heading Now, turn each heading into a topic sentence Reconstruction Activity Fifth Task: Using the evidence provided, write a thesis statement for the prompt: Why did Reconstruction fail? Submit your thesis statement to the following link (also on Twitter/Website): Partner Write Using the documents provided, and evidence from your notes, answer the following prompt: Why did Reconstruction fail? Please underline your thesis statement When finished you may: Work on tonights homework Read and take notes on chapters: 12.1, 12.2, 12.4, 12.5