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241241--205205Computer Engineering Circuits Computer Engineering Circuits Voltage Current and ResistanceVoltage Current and Resistance

DK22

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Chapter 2Chapter 2Voltage Current and ResistanceVoltage Current and Resistance

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OUTLINE

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

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Atomic Structure

•> 29 Electrons•> Orbit the nucleus in four shells•> 1 valence electron

The valence Electrons of copper are not bound to the given atom but free to move. Free electrons make copper an excellent conductor .

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Categories of Materials

ConductorsOne to three valence electrons : Silver, Copper …

SemiconductorsFour valence electrons : Silicon and germanium.

InsulatorsMore than four valence electrons.

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Electrical ChargeElectrical charge (Q) : an electrical property of matter that exists because of an excess or deficiency of electrons.

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Electrical Charge

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Electrical Charge

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Electrical Charge

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Positive and Negative Charge

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Voltage, Current and ResistanceVoltage

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Current

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Current

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Current

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Resistance

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Conductance

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Voltage And Current SourceVoltage SourceIdeal Voltage Source

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Voltage Source

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Voltage Source

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Voltage SourceElectronics Power Supply

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Current SourceIdeal Current Source

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ResistorFixed Resistors

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ResistorCutaway view of Resistors

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ResistorResistor Color Code

A B C D

Value of Resistor = AB x 10C ±D% Ohm

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ResistorResistor Color Code

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Resistor Color Code

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ResistorFive-band Color CodeFor precision resistors with tolerances of 1%, 2% or less

A B C D E

Value of Resistor = ABC x 10D ±E% Ohm

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Five-band Color Code

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Resistor Label Code

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Variable Resistor

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Variable Resistor

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Variable Resistor

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The Electric CircuitBasic Circuit

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Basic Circuit

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Circuit Current Control

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Circuit Current Control

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Circuit Current Control

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Switch Type

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Several Varieties of Mechanical Switches

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Semiconductor Switches

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Protective Devices

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Wires

•• AWGAWG : American Wire Gauge• Cross-sectional area : Circular mil (CM) , one circular mil is the area

of a wire with a diameter of 0.001 inch or 1/1000 Inch (1 mil)

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Wires

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Wires Resistance

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Wires Resistance

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Ground

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Example of using grounds in a circuit application

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Ground

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Basic Circuit measurements

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Measuring Current

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Measuring Voltage

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Measuring Resistance

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Summary

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