clad materials. resistance welding lesson objectives when you finish this lesson you will...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Clad Materials. Resistance Welding Lesson Objectives When you finish this lesson you will understand: Learning Activities 1.View Slides; 2.Read Notes,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551c1e0f550346a84f8b59fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Clad Materials
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Resistance Welding
Lesson ObjectivesWhen you finish this lesson you will understand:•
Learning Activities1. View Slides; 2. Read Notes, 3. Listen to lecture4. Do on-line workbook
Keywords
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Steel - Aluminum Cladding
Cleaning
Rollinga. Coldb. 600-750 F
Post-Heating ~ 1000F
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Hansen, Const of Binary AlloysMcGraw-Hill, 1958
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Aluminum
Steel
FeAl3, Fe2Al5
(Brittle)Si > 0.25% in SteelTends to Reduce Brittle Iron-Alumindes Thus Higher Post Roll Temperatures can be employedSteel
Steel
Aluminum
Steel
Steel
Aluminum
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Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert,Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999
Fe-Al Clad Material
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Table of Steel and Aluminum Properties
MP Elect ResistmicroOhm Cm
Therm CondW/(m K)
Fe 2700-2800 F ~15 ~51Al 890-1180 F ~5 167
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Heat Flow in Spot Welding (Fe - Al)
Steel
Aluminum
Fe
Al
Fe
Al
The lower MP of AluminumCauses Rapid Nugget GrowthWhich Can Lead to Al ExpulsionA Larger Electrode on the AlSide Might Help
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Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel,Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999
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Steel
Aluminum
Fe-Al Weld
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Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert,Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999
Fe-Al
Fe-Fe/Al-Al
IMC = Fe2Al5
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Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel,Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999
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Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert,Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999
Fracture Occurred on Tensile LoadAt the IMC Interface
With Thinner Aluminum Sheet,Fracture Occurred by NuggetPull-out
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Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel,Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999
![Page 15: Clad Materials. Resistance Welding Lesson Objectives When you finish this lesson you will understand: Learning Activities 1.View Slides; 2.Read Notes,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551c1e0f550346a84f8b59fb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Heat Flow in Spot Welding (Fe - Trans - Al)
Steel
Steel
Aluminum
Aluminum
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Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert,Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999
Steel
AluminumSteel Aluminum Transition
Fe-Fe/Al-Al Weld
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Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel,Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999
Weld With 2 mm Steel
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Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel,Practical Welding Today, May/June 19991 MM Thick Steel (Faster Cooling)
Shrinkage Voids in AlDue to Faster Cooling
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Oikawa et al, RSW of Steel & Al Sheet Using Insert,Science & Tech of Welding & Joining, vol4, 1999
![Page 20: Clad Materials. Resistance Welding Lesson Objectives When you finish this lesson you will understand: Learning Activities 1.View Slides; 2.Read Notes,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551c1e0f550346a84f8b59fb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chang et al, Spot Welding Al to Steel,Practical Welding Today, May/June 1999
![Page 21: Clad Materials. Resistance Welding Lesson Objectives When you finish this lesson you will understand: Learning Activities 1.View Slides; 2.Read Notes,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062621/551c1e0f550346a84f8b59fb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Titanium
Aluminum
Aluminum - Titanium
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Properties of Ti & Al
MP Elect ResistmicroOhm Cm
Therm CondW/(m K)
Ti ~3035 F 57-171 6-16Al 890-1180 F ~5 167
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Ti-Ti Welds
AluminumHigh ConductivityLow ResistivityLow MP
TitaniumLow ConductivityHigh ResistivityHigh MP
Ti melts, Heat flows to Al (melts a little because lower MP)but because of High Al Conductivity, Heat conducted to Electrodes
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Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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The high MP & high Resistance Ti pushes heat into the AluminumCausing melting and expulsion along the Interface
Ti-Al WeldsElectrode IndentedForcing Al Expulsion
Ti
Ti
Al
Al
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Ti
Al
TiAl
Ti to Al Weld
Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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No Current RangeExpulsion
Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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Oxide film betweenAl & Ti prevents interdiffusion
This also promotesInterfacial Failure
Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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Al-Al WeldsCase 1 Electrode Free
to MoveCase 2 Electrode
Restrained
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Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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No RestraintWith Restraint
Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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Watanabe, Resistance Welding of Ti/Al clad plate,Welding International, May 1996
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AluminumStainless Steel
Stainless Steel Clad Aluminum & Copper
CopperStainless Steel
Hot Rolled