Claims, Counterclaims, and Evidence

Argumentative Writing

Write down everything you know about the following three terms:

–Arguments–Claims–Evidence

Freewrite

› Convince because of perceived merit and reasonableness of the claims and proof

› Supports claims with sound reasoning

› Demands relevant, sufficient evidence, statistics, or definitions for support

› Something far beyond surface knowledge is required

ARGUMENT› Appeals to character or

credentials of the writer

› Appeals to audience’s self-interest or emotion

› Can be based on personal opinion untethered to evidence

PERSUASION

How is argument different from persuasion?

› States a claim or claims that showcases the author’s point of view as well as what the opposition will state

› Showcases why the author’s viewpoint is correct while also showcasing the counterpoint (the other side)

› The author will prove why he/she is right

Argumentative Writing

The goal is to get the reader to acknowledge that your side is valid and deserves consideration as another

point of view.

Research is a part of

this genre of writing.

› Think of argumentative writing as a debate.– A debate is a discussion between people in which

they express different opinions about something.

› In the case of essay writing, YOU the writer are having a debate in your essay.– You always back up your claim by showcasing

why the other side is WRONG.

› You are presenting multiple perspectives, but you are clearly from one side.

That’s debatable…

Imagine you are a defense attorney—in the attorney’s closing arguments, he has to state what the prosecution stated and why his defense is right.

1. Closely read your assigned standard.

2. Circle all the verbs (the skills).

3. Underline the nouns (the concepts).

4. Create a visual representation of what the standard expects a student to be able to do.

UNWRAPPING THE STANDARDS

CCSS.9-10.W1

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

CCSS.9-10.W1a

Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationship among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence.

CCSS.9-10.W1b

Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience’s knowledge level and concerns.

CCSS.9-10.W1c

Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and counterclaims.

CCSS.9-10.W6

Use technology, including the internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology’s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically.

CCSS.9-10.W7

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigations.

CCSS.9-10.W8

Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation.

Gallery Walk

› Should athletes be held to a higher standard than other people?

› Carefully read the text packet at your group’s table.

› Craft an argumentative essay that does the following:–States your claim–Supports your claim with evidence–Addresses the counterpoint

› Due Date: TBA @ the end of class

On Demand Writing Task