clara advanced networking in latin america and the clara initiative lishep 2004 rio de janeiro,...
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ClaraClaraAdvanced networking in Latin America and the CLARA initiative
LISHEP 2004Rio de Janeiro, Brazil February 2004
Michael StantonCLARA Technical CommitteeRede Nacional de Ensino e Pesquisa do Brasil - [email protected]
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20042
ClaraClaraA Brief Story of Networking in Latin America
• Political, linguistic and cultural considerations have traditionally led to considerable interaction between countries within the region
However, networking has not followed this model:• First connections (BITNET) starting 1986 using satellite
links between the US and each country separately• Same topology inherited with transition to Internet• Even multilateral initiatives (RedHUCyT in mid 90s and
AMPATH from 2001) have used traffic hubs in the US.
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20043
ClaraClaraFirst global conections from LA countries
Two “classical” phases of connectivity:
• e-mail networks (BITNET, UUCP)
• full Internet (IP) connectivity
• Table shows the dates of the first connections for each LA NREN (National Research and Education Network)
MX CL BR NI UY PY VE AR CR
e-mail 86 86 88 88 88 89 90 90 90
IP 89 92 91 94 94 95 92 93 93
CO EC PE BO CU PA GT SV HN
e-mail 90 91 91 91 91 92 92 94 94
IP 94 92 94 95 96 94 95 96 95
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20044
ClaraClara
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20045
ClaraClaraInfluence of telecommunications infrastructure
• Until very recently, the only available telecom infrastructure for data communication was by satellite– cost independent of distance– no incentive for establishing links within the region, as all
countries were mainly interested in access to global Internet
• Recent important changes (since late 1990s):– end of state telecom monopoly in many countries
• competition and lower prices• most LA NRENs replaced by commodity IP providers
(for economic or political reasons)– building out of new infrastructure based on submarine
fibre optical cables
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20046
ClaraClaraOptical cable infra-structure
• Advances in optical transmission technologies have recently made it possible to build very long distance undersea communications systems based on DWDM
• In the late 1990s, several new DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) cable systems were built, vastly increasing the installed capacity
• Principal new undersea cable operators in Latin America:– Global Crossing– Telecom Italia – Sparkle – Telefonica International Wholesale Services - TIWS
(E-mergia)– New World Networks (ARCOS cable)
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20047
ClaraClaraNew Optical Cables in Latin America
E-mergia (TIWS)Global Crossing & TI SparkleGlobal Crossing ImpSatTransandinoUniSur
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Miami
to New York
to California
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20048
ClaraClaraNew cables in the Caribbean (Maya & Arcos)
Curacao
North Miami
Cat Island
Crooked Island
Providenciales(Turks & Caicos Islands)
Puerto Plata
San Juan
Punta Cana
WillemstadPunto Fijo
Riohacha
UstupoMariaChiquita
PuertoLimon
Bluefields
PuertoCabezas
PuertoLempira
Trujillo
PuertoCortes
PuertoBarrios
Ladyville
Cancun
Tulum
271km
309km
319km
376km
258km
325km 291km
1006km
242km372km
351km
314km301km371km
270km
279km
258km
339km
241km294km
363km
165km
114km
474km
521km Maya
Arcos(festoon)
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 20049
ClaraClaraPresent Advanced R&E Connectivity in Latin America
AmPath• uses Global Crossing• connects AR, BR (2), CL,
VE• 45 Mbps (one size fits all)• all connections are point to
point from Miami, and thence to Abilene
Mexico• cross-border connections to
USA (TX and CA)
AmPath
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200410
ClaraClaraPresent State of Latin American NRENs
Established education and research networks:
• With dedicated Advanced R&E connections: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, Venezuela
• Some with dedicated int’l connectivity:Costa Rica, Cuba, Uruguay
Education and research networks being re-established(present nat’l/int’l connectivity through commercial ISPs)
• Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, Peru, Paraguay, El Salvador
No education/research network (most connected to Internet via commercial ISPs):
• Nicaragua, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Haiti, rest of Caribbean
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200411
ClaraClara
Abundant
Medium
Narrow
Argentina - RETINA (www.retina.ar)
•4 with advanced connectivity
•8 in the near future
•57 with low connectivity
- 45 Mbps to AmPath
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200412
ClaraClara- ATM backbone
- 14 nodes- 300 Mbps total b/w
- FR to other PoPs- 15 state networks- Aggregate int’l b/w over
500 Mbps (incl. 90 Mbps to AmPath)
- new RNP backbone in 2004 – 1.8 Gbps total b/w (6x increase)
Brazil - RNP (www.rnp.br/en)
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200413
ClaraClaraBrazil – RNP: probable 2004 backbone topology
RJSP
SC
PR
RS
DF
MG
STM-1 (155 Mbps)
E3 (34 Mbps)
CE
PE
BA
STM-4 (622 Mbps)
ES
MA
PB
TO
AC
RO
MT
MS
GO
E1 (2 Mbps)PA
AM
RN
PI SE AL
RR
AP
Pop alreadytendered
Future tender
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200414
ClaraClara
Iquique
Antofagasta
Copiapó
La Serena
ValparaísoSantiago
Talca
Con cepción
TemucoValdivia
Arica
Osorno
Chile - REUNA (www.reuna.cl)
u t f s mre u n a
u ch ile
u m ce
u fro
u a ch
u te m
V a lpa ra ís o
S a n t ia g o
C o n ce pció n
Te m u co
V a ldiv ia
u n a p u ta
u cn
u a n to f
I qu iqu e
A n to fa g a s ta
C o pia pó
u s e re n a
L a S e re n a
Ta lca
u ta lca
u dau da
u de c
u bio bio
u la g o s
S witch de B a ck bo n e
S witch de A cce s o
R o u te r de A cce s o
Tra m a S D HFO M u lt im o doFO M o n o m o do
u dp
u n a p Un iv e rs ida d A rtu ro Pra tu ta Un iv e rs ida d de Ta ra pa cáu cn Un iv e rs ida d C a tó lica de l No rteu a n to f Un iv e rs ida d de A n to fa g a s tau da Un iv e rs ida d de A ta ca m au s e re n a Un iv e rs ida d de la S e re n au t f s m Un iv e rs ida d Técn ico Fe de rico S a n ta M a ríau ch ile Un iv e rs ida d de C h ileu te m Un iv e rs ida d Te cn o ló g ica M e tro po lita n au m ce Un iv e rs ida d M e tro po lita n a de C s . de la Edu ca ció nu dp Un iv e rs ida d D ie g o Po rta le su ta lca Un iv e rs ida d de Ta lcau de c Un iv e rs ida d de C o n ce pció nu bio bio Un iv e rs ida d de l B ío B íou fro Un iv e rs ida d de la Fro n te rau a ch Un iv e rs ida d A u s tra l de C h ileu la g o s Un iv e rs ida d de lo s L a g o s
- ATM backbone- 10
nodes- 10/60
Mbps- 45 Mbps to
AmPath
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200415
ClaraClaraMexico - CUDI (www.cudi.edu.mx)
• Internal links at 155 Mbps
• 400 Mbps of int’l connectivity
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200416
ClaraClaraWhere do we go from here?
• AMPATH´s achievements– Initial boost for Advanced Networking in LA– Stimulus for advanced connectivity inside each country– Motivation for collaborative projects– Connectivity needs, delayed till now due to high costs, being
solved
BUT
• Why does LA communicate internally through Miami?
• Why does LA communicate with other parts of the world through the US?
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200417
ClaraClaraAnother paradigm: Pan-European R&E networking
• In Europe, global networking also began with direct BITNET and IP links to the US from separate countries
• Since the early 1990s great efforts have been invested in pan-European networking, through the creation of a series of regional backbone networks:
• These networks have been built and managed by DANTE (Delivering Advanced Networking Technology to Europe), with financing by European NRENs and the EU
• Four versions of the pan-European backbone network– EuropaNET (1992-1997)– TEN-34 (1997-1998)– TEN-155 (1998-2001)– GÉANT (2002- )
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200418
ClaraClaraTEN-34
• Trans-European Network at 34 Mbps
• 20 countries• operational in 1997• backbone speed inferior to
internal NREN links(cost of int’l links)
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200419
ClaraClaraTEN-155
• Set up after liberalisation and harmonisation of European telecom industry
• Much cheaper int’l connectivity within Europe
• In some countries liberalisation delayed
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200420
ClaraClaraGÉANT
• First network of the “Bandwidth Age”
• 20-fold increase in capacity over TEN-155 for the same cost
• Principal connections are 10 and 2.5 Gbps wavelengths
• Currently the largest capacity operational IP network in the world
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200421
ClaraClaraThe @LIS iniciative
• Through GÉANT, the European R&E community enjoys high bandwidth connectivity with N. America
• Initiatives already taken to improve connectivity to Asian-Pacific, Mediterranean and Latin American regions, with support from the European Commission
• @LIS: Alliance for the Information Society (2003-2005)– 62.5 Million Euros for EU-LA on Information Society
Issues– 10 Million Euros for Interconnecting Europe & Latin
American Researchers
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200422
ClaraClara
CAESAR: Connecting All European and South American Researchers.
European initiative to prepare for the @LIS program• Promote EU-LA connectivity through regional connectivity within
LA plus a large pipe to Europe• Participants: DANTE, NRENs of Spain and Portugal
• CAESAR Workshop 2002 in Toledo became starting point for CLARA – cooperative organisation for advanced networking in LA– regional network:
feasibility study showed that @LIS budget sufficient to establish advanced connectivity to all LA countries
• EU has agreed to 80% - 20% cost sharing between EU and LA
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200423
ClaraClara
• Association of NRENs in LA open to all LA Countries– constituted in Uruguay (like LACNIC)
• CLARA is not limited to @LIS/CAESAR time scale and restrictions
• Will connect LA to Europe and to other regions• Cost to connect to the backbone will be the same for every
country at equal bandwidth• Improve Internet2 connectivity by optimising LA
participation in AMPATH
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200424
ClaraClara
• Argentina• Brasil• Bolivia (*)• Chile• Colombia (*)• Costa Rica• Cuba (*)• Dominican Republic (*)• Ecuador• El Salvador
• Guatemala• Honduras (*)• Mexico• Nicaragua• Panama• Paraguay• Peru• Uruguay• Venezuela
(*) expected future member
CLARA Members
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200426
ClaraClaraComments about CLARA
• CLARA responds to long-standing need for coordination between LA NRENs.
• Builds on trust-building already carried out between major partners
• Offers support for NREN building in other LA countries by provision of support and int’l connectivity
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200427
ClaraClaraALICE project: May 2003 to April 2006
ALICE - América Latina Interconectada Con Europa (2003-2006)
• Successor project to CAESAR
• Coordinated by DANTE, with participation of NRENs from Italy, France, Spain, Portugal and the CLARA countries, and eventually CLARA itself
• February 2003: technical definitions complete
• June 2003: Open tender for provisioning of links
• March 2004: Link contracts assigned
• May 2004: Network operational
Notes:
• DANTE is the project coordinator and will sign contracts with users and providers
• CLARA is expected to represent interests of LA users in the medium term (one year)
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200428
ClaraClaraSuggested network topology (tender document)
• Major connectivity between Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Mexico (at least 45 Mbps)
• Other countries connect to major nodes (between 10 and 45 Mbps)
• Large pipe to Europe (at least 155 Mbps)
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200429
ClaraClaraProbable topology of CLARA network
Operator A
Operator B
Operator C
Operator D
Operator E
Bandwidth characteristics:
•155 Mbps backbone ring
•622 Mbps to Europe
•10 to 45 Mbps spur links
•satellite link to Cuba
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200430
ClaraClaraThe Digital Divide in Latin America – the cost of access circuits to the CLARA network
Annual cost for access circuits from CLARA backbone to country point of entry
Internal country costs for access circuits
2 Mbps € 347.780 € 1.051.077
10 Mbps € 982.033 € 5.061.526
34 Mbps € 3.310.757 € 9.932.272
•The proposed costs of access connections from NRENs to the CLARA backbone were initially extremely high in the case of Central America and Colombia
•This has required that these countries’ NRENs negotiate better pricing with their national provider
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200431
ClaraClara
Final comments on the CLARA network
• The network will provide connectivity for R&E collaboration traffic (i.e. Internet 2 traffic) within the region and to other regions– Initially connected to GÉANT (Europe)– Expected soon to be connected via Tijuana (MX) to US networks
via Los Angeles peering point (agreement with CENIC)• this also will provide access to APAN (Pacific Rim), as well
as other connected R&E networks
• Initial backbone ring bandwidth of 155 Mbps (connecting BR-AR-CL-PA-MX)
• Initial connection to Europe at 622 Mbps from São Paulo – RNP will use 155 Mbps of access capacity initially
• CLARA network expected to be upgraded soon to support international scientific collaborations between US and South America
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200432
ClaraClaraExperimental networking in Latin America
• Advanced R&E networks provide for today’s connectivity needs of the R&E community
• In future, with the growth of this community and its needs, new solutions will need to be provided
• Such solutions are currently being developed and demonstrated in experimental networking testbeds
• NSF 2002 classification of networking testbeds (beyond Internet2)– Experimental Infrastructure Networks (EIN)
• provides stable networking infrastructure for application development and demonstration
– Networking Research Testbeds (NRT)• permits development of networking technology
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200433
ClaraClara
Some current experimental optical networking projects in Latin America
• Chile:G-REUNA - Advanced Applications Testbed
• Brazil:Project GIGA - Optical Networking and Applications Testbed
Both of these are a mixture of EIN and NRT
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200434
ClaraClara
G-REUNA (Chile) experimental network (2002-2003)
• Phase I of G-REUNA:• R&D in optical
networking and advanced applications
• IP/DWDM• govt. and telco support• 250 km network between
Santiago and Valparaiso• participation of leading
research universities and national academic network (REUNA)
• http://redesopticas.reuna.cl
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200435
ClaraClaraProject GIGA (Brazil)
Partnership between – RNP (Brazilian NREN) www.rnp.br – CPqD (telco industry R&D centre in Campinas, SP)
www.cpqd.com.br– R&D community in industry and universities
• Build an advanced networking laboratory (GIGA network) for development and demonstration purposes
• Support R&D subprojects in optical and IP networking technology and advanced applications and services
• Industry participation (telcos provide the fibres; technology transfer of products and services required)
• Government funding for 3 years - started December 2002
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200436
ClaraClaraGIGA network: objectives
• explore user control of optical fibre infrastructure– interconnect 20 academic R&D centres in S.E. Brazil– use of IP/DWDM with Ethernet framing
• provide Networking Research Testbed (NRT) for optical and IP network development
• provide Experimental Infrastructure Network (EIN) for development and demonstration of applications in several research areas
• expected to operate in April 2004.
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200437
ClaraClara
GIGA network: geographical localisation(states of São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro)
telcosUNIFESP
USP - IncorUSP -
C.Univ.
CPqDLNLS
Unicamp
LNCC
CPTEC UFF
CTAINPE
CBPFLNCC
FiocruzIME
IMPA-RNPPUC-Rio
telcosUERJUFRJ
UniversitiesIMEPUC-RioUERJUFFUFRJUnicampUNIFESPUSP
R&D CentresCBPF - physicsCPqD - telecomCPTEC - meteorologyCTA - aerospaceFiocruz - healthIMPA - mathematicsINPE - space sciencesLNCC - HPCLNLS - physics
About 600 km extension - not to scale
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200438
ClaraClaraGIGA Project: Initial design of the network
• DWDM WAN between Campinas and Rio de Janeiro• WDM MANs in Rio,
S. Paulo and Campinas• Switches between WAN
and MANs for IP packets and lambdas (under study)
• later: redundant topologyand optical switching
Campinas
São Paulo
S.J. dos Campos
C. Paulista
Rio de Janeiro
Campinas
São Paulo S. José dosCampos
Rio de Janeiro
CachoeiraPaulista
MANCP
MANSP
MANRJ
Petrópolis
Niterói
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200439
ClaraClaraSome GIGA R&D subprojects
• Networking technologies
– intelligent optical network with monitoring and control of physical parameters
• optical amplification, dispersion, equalisation, SNR, ...
– optical switching architecture
• control plane: dynamical bandwidth provisioning and mesh restoration
• provisioning end-to-end optical circuits for specific applications
– IP over WDM: unified control plane and integrated network management
• Applications:
– high performance distributed applications, including in HEP, astrophysics, meteorology, health sciences, engineering, biodiversity, etc.
– advanced multimedia applications
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200440
ClaraClaraWhat comes next in Latin America?
• For RNP and REUNA, experimental networking projects are important for two reasons:
– it provides a testbed network for R&D
– provides experience in setting up and running a “facilities-based network”, instead of one based on service offerings from telcos.
• only need the raw physical medium, or perhaps access to lambdas (wavelengths)
• perhaps the only feasible way to build and use really high capacity networks
• Next step for RNP and REUNA is to transfer this experience to their production networks
– Many well-known examples from other countries
• A logical consequence is to seek Gbps or lambda networking services for international collaboration.
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200441
ClaraClaraConclusion
• Both international cooperation (through AmPath and CLARA) and development of experimental networking have percussions:– they provide valuable opportunities for academic user
community in LA to collaborate with peer groups in other countries
– they permit the acquiring and diffusion of experience in advanced networking technologies, often absent in LA countries
– they lead to the provision of high capacity infrastructure networks for scientific cooperation
Michael Stanton - LISHEP 200442
ClaraClaraAcknowledgements and references
• With thanks to many colleagues from both Europe and Latin America, too many all to be mentioned here individually. Some of the LA maps are by Florencio Utreras, from REUNA (Chile).Material on European networks provided by Cathrin Stöver from DANTE.
• ALICE website:www.dante.net/server/show/nav.009
• ALICE brochure (in English, Spanish and Portuguese):www.dante.net/alice/ALICEbrochure.pdf
• RNP and REUNA websites:www.rnp.br/enwww.reuna.cl