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Paints and CoatingsAuxiliaries for the coating of surfaces Licowax and Ceridust

Pigments & Additives Division Coating Business

> Auxiliaries for the coating of surfaces> Licowax and Ceridust

Paints and Coatings

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Contents

Function of waxes 4

Product range 8

Properties 10

Test methods 14

Application 14

General information on the processing of waxes 18

Ceridust and water-based Coatings 21

UV reactive waxes 22

Examples of formulations for special applications 23

Safety data 28

Transport and storage 30

Suppliers 31

Ester waxes based on crude montan wax

Licowax KLE

Polyethylene waxes

Licowax PE 520

Licowax PED 521

Licowax PED 522

Ceridust

Ceridust 3620

Ceridust 9615 A

Ceridust 6721

Ceridust 3715

Ceridust 2440

Ceridust 3719

Ceridust 9610 F

Ceridust 9630 F

Ceridust 3920 F

TP Ceridust 3921 F

Ceridust 9325 F

Function of waxes

Waxes are incorporated in paints and coatings to achieve or improvethe following properties:

Matting Improvingmar resistance

Enhancing antiblocking behaviour

Improving sandability

Improving slip

Improvinghandle

Good effectiveness in most formulationsOutstandingly effective

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Improving Steering Preventing Water Preventing Orientation Texturingsmoothness rheological pigment repellency metal agent

properties settling marking for effect pigments

5

Matting Improvingmar resistance

Enhancing antiblockingbehaviour

Improving sandability

Improving slip

Improvinghandle

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Ceridust

TP Ceridust 9322 F

Ceridust 3910

Ceridust 5551

TP Ceridust 5091

TP Ceridust 5851 R

Ceridust 9202 F

Ceridust 9205 F

TP Ceridust 6050 M

Waxes based on other raw materials

Licowax C micropowder

Licowax 371 FP

Licowax R 21

6

Outstandingly effective Good effectiveness in most formulations

Improving Steering Preventing Water Preventing Orientation Texturingsmoothness rheological pigment repellency metal agent

properties settling marking for effect pigments

77

Licowax PED 521 and Licowax PED522 are partially branched-chain polar polyethylene waxes.

The Ceridust grades are micropow-ders produced by a special process.Ceridust 3620 is a linear, hard poly-ethylene wax. Ceridust 9615 A is amodified linear polyethylene wax.

Ceridust 6721 is a new brand of a PP blend offering good matting and outstanding soft-feel effect.

Ceridust 3715 and 3719 are noted fortheir excellent wettability by water orother polar solvents. Ceridust 9610 F,Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 9325 F and TP Ceridust 9322 F are hard polyethy-lene waxes of linear structure whoseeffect is optimized by polytetrafluoro-ethylene (PTFE). They are noted forexcellent slip.

Ceridust 3920 F and TP Ceridust 3921 Fare PTFE modified polyethylene waxeswith a very low average particle sizediameter of approx. 6.0 m. Thereforethey are especially suitable for im-proving the surface lubricity and slip properties in thin film applications.

The Ceridust grades can be finely dispersed in paints of different systemssimply and with little mechanicalenergy.

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Product range

Waxes and wax micropowdersbased on raw montan waxLicowax KLE is an ester wax which already contains the optimum amountof emulsifier.

Ceridust 5551 is a micronized ester wax. Due to its polar character it is best suited for use in aqueoussystems.

Waxes and wax micropowdersbased on polyethylene waxLicowax PE 520 is a colorless, odour-less, hard, partially branched-chainpolyethylene wax of low density.

Because of its molecular structureLicowax PE 520 has a pronouncedmatting effect on paint. It is readilydispersible in hot solvent and producesfine dispersions with good resistance to settling.

Waxes and wax micropowders based on other raw materialsLicowax C micropowder is a hard highmelting-point amide wax that canbe easily ground and dispersed owing to its brittleness.

Ceridust 3910 is an especially fine-grain micropowder based on amidewax; it can be processed with easedue to its small particle size. Both wax micropowders exhibit slip whichis advantageous in deformation and sanding work.

The Ceridust grades 9202 F and 9205 F are a low molecular weightPTFE characterized by antistickingproperties and a related surfaceeffect.

Licowax 371 FP is a flexible polymerwith waxlike properties and hasproved effective as an anti-settlingagent for pearl-gloss pigments forexample.

Licowax R 21 is a saponified hydro-carbon wax which forms particularlysmall particle size and stable dispersions in organic solvents.

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Ester waxes basedon crude montan wax

Licowax KLE 85

Polyethylene Waxes

Licowax PE 520 120

Licowax PED 521 106

Licowax PED 522 105

Ceridust

Ceridust 3620 8.5 13.0 125

Ceridust 9615 A 6.5 12.0 140

Ceridust 6721 7.0 13.0 154

Ceridust 3715 8.5 14.0 125

Ceridust 2440 8.5 13.0 116

Ceridust 3719 13.0 22.0 116

Ceridust 9610 F 8.5 15.0 125

Ceridust 9630 F 8.5 15.0 130 *

Ceridust 3920 F 6.0 10.0 125

TP Ceridust 3921 F 6.0 10.0 125

Ceridust 9325 F 8.5 15.0 125

Properties1)

The delivery specifications are given in the relevant data sheets.

1) = The DGF standard methods can be obtainedfrom the Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesell-schaft mbH, Birkenwaldstrasse 44, D-70191Stuttgart-N. Slight deviations may occur when testing to DIN or ASTM standards.

2) = Laser diffraction method

* = Softening point

Particle size 2), Average analytical values %50 % value m 90 % value md50 d90

Drop pointC

11

30 105 1.01 yellowish flakes

0 0 0.93 white powder, granules, grain 3)

17 0.95 almost white flakes


0 0.97 white micronized powder











3) = Fine grain: up to about 2 mm with no restrictions on the fineness content.

Acid value Saponification value Density Color Form suppliedmg KOH/g mg KOH/g at 23 C

g/cm3


g/cm3

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Ester waxes basedon crude montan wax

TP Ceridust 9322 F 6.0 10.0 125

Ceridust 3910 6.5 12.0 142

Ceridust 5551 8.5 14.0 98

TP Ceridust 5091 9.0 14.0 113

TP Ceridust 5851 R 9.0 15.0 77

Ceridust 9202 F 4.0 8.0 327 **

Ceridust 9205 F 8.0 18.0 326 **

TP Ceridust 6050 M 8.5 14.0 145

Waxes based onother raw materials

Licowax C micropowder < 50.0 142

Licowax 371 FP 101

Licowax R 21 106

The delivery specifications are given in the relevant data sheets.

2) = Laser diffraction method * = Softening point

** = Melting point, test method:differential scanning calorimetry

Particle size 2), Average analytical values %50 % value m 90 % value md50 d90

Drop pointC

13



15 1.00 yellowish micronized powder




0 2.20 almost white micronized powder


6 1.00 white micropowder


5 0.94 white flakes


g/cm3

Test methods

Drop point DIN 51 801/2ASTM D 127

Softening point DIN EN 1427ASTM E 28 / D 36

Acid value DIN EN ISO 3682ASTM D 1386

Saponification DIN EN ISO 3681 value ASTM D 1387Density DIN 53 479

ASTM D 1505

Application

The mode of action of the Licowaxand Ceridust grades summarized insection Function of Waxes opens up many uses for these products inthe paint and coatings sector.

MattingThe so-called matt effect of paints andother surface coatings is produced bya large number of microscopicallysmall particles that reflect the incidentlight diffusely. The particle size is ofcrucial importance. Particles visible tothe eye with a diameter of >20 m donot produce a good matt effect.

The ideal particle size is about 10 m.Particles with a diameter

Enhancing antiblocking behaviourThe micronized waxes Ceridust 9615 A,Ceridust 6721, Ceridust 9610 F andCeridust 9630 F have proved particu-larly successful in producing an anti-blocking effect in solvent-containingpaints. Ceridust 9615 A exhibits thesmallest and Ceridust 9630 F thegreatest effect.

Ceridust 3920 F and TP Ceridust 3921 Fare primarily suitable for can and coilcoatings where low COF is required. A special grade of PTFE will impartsuperior slip and anti-blocking properties.

Improving sandabilityIn lacquers based on polyurethane, in acid-curing lacquers and furniturelacquers based on nitrocellulose, theaddition of Licowax C micropowderhas proved successful in improving thesandability of primers. So that the waxcan function optimally, it should first be dispersed in a solvent suited to therecipe with the help of a bead mill, forexample (see page 24).

Influencing the rheological propertiesLicowax PED 521 and Licowax PED 522have proved highly successful forpreventing sagging and running ofalkyd resin paints (page 25).

Preventing pigment settlingEven small quantities of Ceridust 9615 A 0.5 % to 1.5 % relative to thebinder delay the settlement of pig-ments and fillers to form a hard sedi-ment. Sediments do form after sometime but are easily redispersed. Aneven more effective way of preventingsettling is to use Licowax PE 520 as a 10 % dispersion. Preparation of thedispersion is described underPreparation of a wax dispersion on page 18.

In order to improve the settling be-haviour of pearl-gloss pigments,Licowax 371 FP can be used and isadded as a 6 % dispersion to the paintsystem. Preparation of this dispersionis described on page 15 in section Licowax 371 FP.

Making paints water-repellentCeridust 9615 A is suitable for makingprotective wood finishes and protec-tive wood stains water-repellent. 2 %to 6 % of the product incorporated in the finished paint give the film goodwater repellency at the initial dryingstage; in addition excellent film smoothness is achieved (page 25).

Preventing metal markingsNo metal markings of any kind mayoccur when metal tools are used oncoated steel strip (coil-coated metal).This is achieved by adding Ceridust9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F, Ceridust 3920 F or TP Ceridust 3921 F. These Ceridust grades have provedsuccessful with highly matt coil coatings. Furthermore, the paintedsurface should be as insensitive aspossible, so that in everyday domesticuse contact with metallic objects does not leave any marks (table 1).

Superior surface slipCeridust 9325 F and TP Ceridust 9322 Fare modified PE wax/PTFE blends thatare primarily suitable for giving addi-tional surface slip. The very low meanparticle size diameter of only 6 mmakes TP Ceridust 9322 F extremelyvaluable for any thin film application.

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Matting agent

Ceridust 9615 A 1 15 22 60 2

Silica 3 15 24 60 2

Ceridust 9615 A and 5 15 2Silica 1:1

Ceridust 9615 A* 6 15 2

Incorporation at3000 rpm in min

Matting agent content in %

Table 1Test results with a paint recommended chiefly for painting refrigeratorsand washing machines.

Paint without wax 5 5 4 4

Paint with wax

1 % Ceridust 9610 F 4 4 2 22 % Ceridust 9610 F 2 2 1 13 % Ceridust 9610 F 2 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2

1 % Ceridust 9630 F 3 . . . 4 3 . . . 4 2 22 % Ceridust 9630 F 1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2 1 13 % Ceridust 9630 F 2 2 1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2

1 % Ceridust 3920 F 4 4 2 22 % Ceridust 3920 F 2 2 1 13 % Ceridust 3920 F 2 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2

Metal marking by Brass Copper Gold Aluminium

Paint stoved 10 min. at 80C

Assessment:1 = No metal marking2 = Trace of metal marking3 = Slight metal marking

4 = Some metal marking5 = Distinct metal marking

The quantities added are relative to the total formulation.

Figure 1:Settling behaviour of matting agents in a nitrocellulose lacquer. Observation period 4 weeks.

* In nitrocellulose lacquer, 20 % predispersed

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5 5 4 4

3 2 2 12 2 1 12 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2

2 . . . 3 2 2 11 . . . 2 1 . . . 2 1 12 2 1 . . . 2 1 . . . 2

3 2 2 12 2 1 12 . . . 3 2 1 1 . . . 2

Brass Copper Gold Aluminium

Paint stoved 10 min at 140C

General information on the processing of waxes

The waxes described here are insolubleat room temperature in the commonpaint solvents. They dissolve only at elevated temperatures in aromatic and a number of aliphatic solvents,mainly nonpolar hydrocarbons. Whenthe wax/solvent mixture cools, the wax precipitates with varying degreesof crystallinity and remains finelydispersed in the solvent. By alteringthe type and quantity of the compon-ents and the dispersion method, it ispossible to vary the dispersing opera-tion considerably so as to achieve differences in the structure of the particles and the degree of dispersionand thus in the consistency of thedispersion.

Similar fine dispersions can be producedusing Ceridust without hot precipitation.These micronized powders offer thefollowing advantages:> No heating of wax and

solvent required.> No solvent vapours arise.> The risk of fire is reduced

to a minimum.> Necessary dispersing machines are

in operation for a short time only,thus saving time and energy.

> Processing is environmentally safe.

Additions of 1% to 5 % wax, relative tothe ready-to-use paint, have provedsuccessful in practice. Higher addi-tions are likely to cause impairment ofthe paint film in the form of chalking,cratering, pinholing and deteriorationof recoating properties and intercoatadhesion.

Licowax PE 520The Licowax PE 520, which is suppliedin the form of granules, fine grain andpowder, cannot be incorporated directlyinto paint systems. It is necessary firstto produce fine wax particles by dis-solving and precipitating the product.

The following methods are suitable:

> Hot precipitationHeat 2 parts by weight Licowax PE520 with 18 parts by weight solvent,mainly composed of aromatics, toabout 100 C; the resultant solutionmust be clear. Stir this solution into80 parts by weight cold paint. Withthis procedure the wax is precipi-tated in the paint in a very finelydispersed form and has hardly anytendency to settle.

> Preparation of a wax dispersionAn approx. 10 % dispersion in xylenecan be prepared by the followingsimple method: Heat 10 parts byweight Licowax PE 520 and 30 parts by weight xylene to about 100 C,thereby dissolving the wax. Aftercooling the solution to about 96 Cstir into 60 parts by weight coldxylene. 1% to 5 % wax in the paint is recommended depending on thematt effect required.

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Licowax PED 521, Licowax PED 522Dissolve 20 to 30 parts by weightLicowax PED 521 or Licowax PED 522at about 90 C in 80 to 70 parts byweight xylene or white spirit. Cool thehot solution to room temperature withslight stirring and incorporate in thepaint (page 25).

Licowax 371 FPHeat 6 parts by weight Licowax 371 FPand 30 parts by weight xylene to 100 C and cool while stirring to 75 C.After reaching this temperature, the solution is diluted with 64 parts byweight butyl acetate 98/100 % whilestirring and cooled to room tempera-ture. The wax content in the finishedpaint should be about 1-2 %.

Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust 6721The micronized powders can be stirreddirectly into the paint. A minimummixing time of 15 minutes is advisableto ensure satisfactory wetting of theindividual wax particles (page 22).

However, it is expedient first to preparea stock paste. It is sufficient to admix20-30 % Ceridust micropowder with asuitable solvent and to stir the batchfor about 15 minutes. Very homogen-eous dispersions with good stability tosettling are obtained by the additionaluse of a small amount of binder. Thisprocedure is particularly recommendedwhen other paint additives such assilica are also included in the paintformulation.

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Ceridust 3910Ceridust 3910 has very fine particles.It can be stirred slowly direct into thepaint system (normally 1 % to 2 %). The stirring time should be at least 10 minutes. Subsequent thickening ofsuch dispersions may occur. In thiscase the viscosity can be lowered bystirring again thoroughly.

Licowax C micropowderVery fine dispersions with a maximumsolids content of 15 % and an averageparticle size of about 3.5 m can beproduced by dispersing Licowax Cmicropowder in the appropriatesolvent in a bead, sand or ball mill.

Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F,Ceridust 3920 F, TP Ceridust 3921 F,Ceridust 9325 F, TP Ceridust 9322 FLike all Ceridust grades, these productscan be stirred directly into the paintsystem. An addition of 0.8 to 1.5 % byweight is sufficient in view of the highefficacy of the different PTFE contentsof the Ceridust grades 9610 F, 9630 F,3920 F, 3921 F, 9325 F and 9322 F.The mixing time should be at least 15minutes to achieve adequate wettingof the individual wax particles.

Ceridust 9630 F in particular, with itshigher PTFE content, should be mixedin the form of a masterbatch into thebinder and then added to the paint. Ina highly mobile paint Ceridust 9630 Ftends to settle because of its higherdensity.

Ceridust 9202 F, Ceridust 9205 FThese pure PTFE grades can be pro-cessed similarly to Ceridust 9630 F.Quantity added: 0.3 to 0.8 % by weight.

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Ceridust and water-based Coatings

Ceridust 3715, Ceridust 2440, Ceridust 3719 and Ceridust 5551These grades are micronized powderswith improved wetting properties specially developed for water-thinnablepaints and aqueous systems. The following methods are suitable forincorporating them in paints and surface coatings:

Stir direct into the paint system; the mixing time should be at least 15 minutes.

In case that co-solvent is used as partof the water-based coating formulationthe dispersion of the micronized waxcan be improved by preparing a highlyconcentrated wax dispersion whichwill then be subsequently added tothe formulation. This procedure en-sures an adequate wetting of the waxparticles and avoids high shear forcesfor the binder system as these systemscan be shear sensitive. Trials haveproven that solvents like butylglycol,butyldiglycol, and DPM are ideal for the dispersing of the mentionedmicronized waxes. Depending on the solvent and type of wax concen-trations of approx. 40 % are possiblewithout the use of any additves.

In the case of pigmented systems,Ceridust is processed together withthe pigments and fillers. A stirringtime of 15 minutes is generally suffi-cient for adequate wetting of the waxparticles.

If the dry film thickness of the coating,especially in can coating and metaldecoration, is to be < 12 m, it is ad-visable to disperse the wax in the appropriate binder/solvent mixture bymeans of a bead mill or similar ma-chine. 20 % to 30 % wax preparationscan be produced.

If wetting is inadequate, it should beborne in mind that Ceridust 3715, 2440or 3719 tend to cream in aqueoussystems and not to settle as in solvent-containing systems.

Since many water-thinnable bindersare alkaline or have to be adjustedwith amines to a pH of 8 to 9, foamingof varying degrees of severity mayoccur when Ceridust is stirred in. Ifthe coating contains too much foam,film defects occur when it is applied.In this case a silicone-free defoamerhas to be added. The quantities to beadded must be determined in prelim-inary trials.

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UV reactive waxes

TP Ceridust 5091, TP Ceridust 5851 RTP Ceridust 5091 and TP Ceridust5851 R feature an entirely new waxchemistry by making Montan esterwaxes UV reactive. Thus this newlydesigned micronized waxes are enable to polymerize in any given UV cured coating system. As the wax is linked to the polymer matrixthere is little to no migration to thesurface of the coating. The benefits of this new technology are longlasting improvement of scratch andmar resistance, slip and abrasion resistance and inreased water andchemical resistance.TP Ceridust 5851 R can improve thealready excellent matting propertiesof TP Ceridust 5091 due to a uniqueblend of UV reactive wax and a specialty matting ingredient.

The following test results underpin thesuperior performance of UV reactivewaxes vs. non-reactive standardwaxes in UV cured systems.

UV curable topcoat with 100% solids content

Guide formulation

Laromer LR 9007 (BASF) 62.0Laromer LR 8967 (BASF) 21.5Talkum 10 MOOS 3.0Syloid 162 C (Grace) 7.0Wax (Clariant) 3.0Tego Airex (Tego) 0.5Irgacure 500 (Ciba) 3.0Parts by weight 100.0

1009080706050403020100

without wax Ceridust 9615 A Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R

10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30.20.1

0

without wax Ceridust 9615 A

measurement weight 1.805 kg

Ceridust 6721 TP Ceridust 5091 TP Ceridust 5851 R

Figure 3: Matting of UV cured coating (60).Wet film thickness 12 m, curing speed 10 m / min (mercury vapor lamp 160 watt), wax content 4 % on total formulation.

Figure 4: Coefficient of Friction UV cured coating.Wet film thickness 12 m, curing speed 10 m / min (mercury vapor lamp 160 watt), wax content 4 % on total formulation.

UV curable water-based coating

Guide formulation

Bayhydrol UV VP LS 2282 60.0Dehydran 1293 (Cognis) 0.8Irgacure 500 (Ciba) 0.5Byk 348 (Byk) 0.5Wasser 37.3SchwegoPUR (Schwegmann) 0.9Parts by weight 100.0

Water-based UV curable coatings

On top of the UV reactive micronizedwaxes also non-reactive waxes can besuccessfully applied to water-basedUV curable coatings. Particularly thepolar modified micronized waxes likeCeridust 3715, 2440 and 5551 showexcellent effects. These grades fea-ture an effective matting effect, bettersurface slip and improved scratchresistance.

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Examples of formulationsfor special applications

Matting

Nitrocellulose lacquersNitrocellulose lacquers, whose maincomponent is cellulose nitrate, are still used on a wide scale for furniturelacquers. The matting agent used inthese lacquers is almost exclusivelywax. The most important products forthis purpose are Licowax PE 520,Ceridust 9615 A and Ceridust 6721.

When low-viscosity curtain-coatingpaints are manufactured, it is advisableto incorporate Licowax PE 520 by hot precipitation (page 18).

Ceridust 9615 A or Ceridust 6721 arebetter suited to paints applied byspray or brush. It tends to settle outslightly when left to stand for sometime but can be readily redispersedby stirring. To prevent settling out asfar as possible it is advisable to use5 % of a 10 % dispersion with LicowaxPE 520.

Frequently the tendency of Ceridust9615 A or Ceridust 6721 to settle is dueto inadequate wetting of the individualwax particles. In this case we recom-mend that a paint /wax concentrateshould be prepared. The followingprocedure is recommended: incorpor-ate 25 to 30 parts by weight Ceridust in 75 to 70 parts by weight of the paintto be matted and continue to stir untila homogeneous paste is obtained.

After being allowed to stand for 10 to 26 hours this paste is diluted withthe paint in question or is added to the paint to be matted.

Guide formulation

Nitrocellulose wool E 510 12Dioctyl phthalate (DOP) 1Vialkyd+ AC 371/70 X 5Alresat+ KM 313 2Butyl acetate 10Ethyl acetate 25n-Butanol 15Xylene 30Parts by weight 100

1.0 3.00.5

160140120100806040200

without the addition Ceridust 9615 A Licowax PE 520

of wax 10 % dispersion

2.0 4.0

p. Wax

Gloss

Figure 2:NC lacquer Wet film thickness 60 m Gloss 60.

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Polyurethane finishes> One-pack system

It is difficult to produce a flattingeffect in one-component polyure-thane finishes with wax only. Thebasic flatting effect is best producedwith silica, after which Ceridust9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust5551 should be added to improvefilm properties such as handle,scratch resistance and smoothness.

> Two-pack systemA finer silk-finish effect can beachieved in two-component poly-urethane coatings with Ceridust9615 A, Ceridust 6721 or Ceridust5551. Film properties such as handle, scratch resistance andsmoothness are also enhanced.

Guide formulation

Desmophen solution (component A)Desmophen+ 130075 % solution in xylene 32.0Nitrocellulose chips E 510 1.5Ethyl acetate 10.4Butyl acetate 11.0Methoxypropyl acetate 10.8Xylol 8.9Acronal 4L 0.2Baysilone OL 17 0.2Parts by weight 75.0

Desmodur solution (component B)Desmodur+ IL 14.2Desmodur L 75 9.4Xylol 1.4Parts by weight 25.0

Mixing ratiocomponent A:component B 3:1Binder content approx. 40 %Degree of crosslinking approx. 1Efflux time at 23 C, DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 20 sec.Drying at room temperature of a 150 m thick wet film approx. 40 min.

Acid-curing paintsThe quantity of wax and method ofincorporation are similar to thosedescribed in detail on page 18 dealingwith nitrocellulose lacquers.

Guide formulation(white, silk-sheen curtain-coating paint)

Note: can also be force-dried, e.g. 5 min. 120 C

Stock paintVialkyd+ AM 421/80 IP 23.00Titanium dioxide RN 59 23.00Ceridust 9615 A 1.65Viamin+ HF 164/70 IB 25.00Collodium wool H 3345 % solution in methylisobutyl ketone 5.70Dibutyl phthalate 1.00No air liquid+ 0.65Methoxypropylacetate 1.00Butyl acetate 10.00Isopropanol 3.00Additol VXL 6245 0.30Xylol 5.70Parts by weight 100.00

Hardenerp-toluene sulphonic acid 0.60Phosphoric acid butyl ester 0.40Butanol 9.00Parts by weight 10.00

Mixing ratiostock paint : hardener 10 : 1Tack-free drying approx. 15 min.Efflux time at 23 C,DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 40 sec.

Guide formulation (colorless silk-sheen paint)

Note: Two-pack system with goodbody for furniture

Stock paintVialkyd AM 421/80 IP 49.40Viamin HF 164/70 IB 28.30Additol VXL 6245 0.30Ceridust 9615 A 1.00Xylol 16.50Butyl acetate 4.50Parts by weight 100.00

Hardenerp-toluene sulphonic acid 1.35Ethanol 8.65Parts by weight 10.00

Mixing ratiostock paint : hardener 10:1Tack-free drying approx. 10 min.Efflux time at 23 C,DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 70 sec.

Paints drying by oxidationWaxes are not very suitable as thesole matting agents for oleoresinousand alkyd paints. However they can be used to improve substantially themar resistance of high-gloss alkydresin paints. This is done by adding2 % to 4 % Ceridust 9615 A, Ceridust6721 or Ceridust 5551, relative to thefinished paint.

Ceridust 9615 A additionally preventsthe formation of a hard sediment.

Guide formulation (water-soluble house paint,white, air-drying)

I Resydrol+ AY 586 w/ 38 WA 64.0ammonia, 25 % 0.4Titanium dioxide RN 59 24.0Additol VXW 4940 0.2Additol XW 376 0.4Additol XW 329 0.4Additol XL 297/100 0.5

II ammonia, 25 % 0.3deionized water 9.8Parts by weight 100.0

Preparation:Mix part I in the given sequence,disperse in a bead mill and adjust tothe desired viscosity with part II.

Positive wax-based wood stainGood positive effect, no floating of, for instance, Remazol dyes after storage at 50 C.

Guide formulation

2 parts Licowax R 215 parts Silicon oil 350 cst5 parts Spindle oil2 parts Emulsogen P

are heated to approx. 100 C and then stirred well while

20 parts water, hot (90-100C)are added. The hot concentrate is then well stirred, while

66 parts water are added cold. After 12-24 hours, the formulation isagain stirred thoroughly.

Aqueous wood laquer for indoorapplicationsA matt silk finish effect can be obtainedby using up to 2.0 % Ceridust 5551 orCeridust 9615 A on total formulation.

Guide formulation

I Mowilith LDM 7460 74.50water 6.10

II water 1.00Saniprot+ 99-73 0.201,2-Propandiol 1.00AMP 90 0.20BYK+ 348 0.50Texanol+ 1.00Agitan+ 295 0.20

III water 3.60Tafigel+ PUR 40 0.30Methoxybutanol 2.50

Ceridust 5551 orCeridust 9615 A 2.00

water 6.90Parts by weight 100.00

The raw materials have to be mixed inthe above described order with a pro-peller stirrer. To achieve the optimaldispersion Part III should be made theday before and processed afterwardsinto Part I and II.

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Wood wax (aqueous)These are unpigmented, colorless formulations which are also water-based and employed mainly for woodpanel polishes. Apart from an increasein shine, sensitivity to water can beimproved.

Guide formulation

Licowax KLE Emulsion, 12 % 50.00Mowilith DM 772 conc. 48.40Tributoxyethyl phosphate(wetting and levelling agent) 1.00Licowet F 3, 1% solution 0.50Saniprot+ 98-70 0.10Parts by weight 100.00

Licowax KLE Emulsion, 15 % 51.00Water 22.50Mowilith DM 772, 46 % 26.00Licowet F 3, 1% solution 0.50Parts by weight 100.00

Improving sandabilityFor furniture lacquers, the addition ofLicowax C micropowder to lacquersbased on polyurethane, acid-curinglacquers and nitrocellulose lacquershas proved successful in improvingthe sandability of primers. So that thewax can function optimally it shouldfirst be dispersed in a suitable solventin a bead mill. The following formula-tion is possible:

Licowax C micropowder 10.00Xylene 45.00Butyl acetate 45.00Parts by weight 100.00

This dispersion can also be preparedin a sand or ball mill. Ceridust 3910 iseasier to admix. It is dispersed directin the paint by means of a stirrer.

With two-pack polyurethane finishes itis preferable to incorporate LicowaxPE 520 as a solvent-containing disper-sion in the finish.

Guide formulation for polyurethane sanding primer

Desmophen solution (component A)Desmophen+ 1300 32.075 % solution in xyleneNitrocellulose chips E 510 1.5Ethyl acetate 9.2Butyl acetate 9.2Methoxypropyl acetate 9.2Xylol 1.9Licowax PE 52010 % dispersion in Xylol 12.0Parts by weight 75.0

Desmodur solution (component B)Desmodur+ IL 14.2Desmodur+ L 75 9.4Xylol 1.4Parts by weight 25.0

Mixing ratiocomponent A : component B 3:1Binder content approx. 40 %Efflux time at 23 C and DIN cup 4 mm, DIN 53 211 approx. 20 sec.Drying time at room temperature 150 m thick wet film approx. 35 min

27

Influencing the rheological properties of paintsLicowax PED 521 and Licowax PED522 have proved very successful inpreventing alkyd resin paints fromsagging and running. 20 parts byweight Licowax PED 521 or LicowaxPED 522 are dissolved in 80 parts byweight xylene at 80 C to 90 C and thesolution is cooled to room temperaturewith slight stirring. The resultantdispersion is then incorporated in thepaint. The wax preparation must beadded at the very beginning of themanufacturing process. 0.25 % to 1 %of the wax preparation, relative to thebinder, is sufficient to produce thedesired effect.

Making paints water-repellentCeridust 9615 A is suitable for makingprotective wood finishes and protectivewood stains water-repellent. 2 % to 6 %of the product incorporated in thefinished paint give the film good waterrepellency at the initial drying stage.

The finish was applied to pine andwas weathered outdoors for 3 years.Independent of improved water repel-lency, the wax-containing finish de-composed significantly less than thewax-free finish.

Assessment of water repellency

after 1 1 2 3hour year years years

Withoutwax 3 3 4 4

With 3.5%Ceridust 2 2 2 2

Assessment: 1 = no dissolving2 = trace of dissolving3 = slight dissolving4 = some dissolving5 = noticeable dissolving

Can coatingsImproved slip behaviour and enhancedscratch resistance in can coatingscan be achieved by using PTEE con-taining waxes such as Ceridust 9610 F,Ceridust 9630 F or Ceridust 3920 F.These micronized waxes can be processed directly into the lacquer.

Guide formulation

Duroftal+ VPE 6104 68.50Vestanat+ B 1370 (60 % in XBAC) 7.00Polysolvan+ O 12.05Solventnaphta 180/210 12.05Ceridust 3920 F 0.40Parts by weight 100.00

The components shall be mixed andwell homogenized in the above de-scribed order by using a dissolver. For this application, a wax dosage of0.5-1% has proved to be advantageous.

Coil coatingsA positive effect on slip behaviour andscratch resistance can be achievedby using PTFE-containing waxes incoil coatings.

Especially recommended for thisapplication are the following Ceridustgrades:> Ceridust 9610 F> Ceridust 9630 F> Ceridust 3920 F> TP Ceridust 3921 F> Ceridust 9325 F> TP Ceridust 9322 F

Excellent results can be achieved byusing 0.5 to 1.0 % wax.

Guide formulation

Duroftal+ VPE (7186/60 SNBMPAC) 51.62Maprenal+ MF 904 5.04Additol+ XL 480 0.06Ti-Pure+ R 900 28.32Methoxypropyl acetate 14.24p-TSA 50% in isopropanol 0.23Ceridust 3920 F 0.50Parts by weight 100.00

28

Safety data

Toxicological propertiesThe polyethylene and amide waxesdescribed in this leaflet as well aswaxes based on crude montan waxhave no properties that are harmful tohealth on the basis of experience todate. The acute oral toxicity (LD50) ofthese waxes is > 2000 mg/kg in the rat or mouse.

When Ceridust 9610 F, Ceridust 9630 F,Ceridust 3920 F, TP Ceridust 3921 F,Ceridust 9325 F, TP Ceridust 9322 F,Ceridust 9202 F and Ceridust 9205 F arehandled, the usual safety precautionsfor fluorocarbon-containing productsmust be observed. Contamination of clothes and tobacco products must be avoided at all costs. Hazardousdecomposition products occur above 300 C.

Ecological propertiesThe waxes described are virtuallyinsoluble in water. Hence they areattacked only very slowly by micro-organisms in water and cause no significant biological oxygen demand.They are eliminated from the effluentas ballast together with the sludge.The COD eliminability under the conditions of sewage treatment isgood (> 95 %). The waxes should be taken to an authorized site for disposal.

29

Status in accordance with the German federal regulations on dangerous substancesThe Licowax and Ceridust grades mentioned here are not dangeroussubstances according to the Germanregulations on dangerous substancesof August 26, 1986.

Status in accordance with theGerman chemicals lawThe Licowax and Ceridust grades orits monomers mentioned in this leafletare contained in the European inven-tory of existing commercial chemicalsubstances, EINECS. Labelling is notrequired under the regulations of thechemicals law. Please refer to therelevant safety data sheets for safetynotes on other products named in theguide formulations.

Notes on the processing of powdersWhen organic dusts are handled, theVDI guidelines 2263 Prevention ofdust fires and dust explosions or thecorresponding national regulationsmust be observed.

Status under food legislationThe waxes described in this brochurecomply with the recommendation of theGerman federal health office (BgVV)for the manufacture of consumerarticles. They are also approved inmost European countries and in theUSA (see general data sheet Statusof waxes from Clariant under foodlegislation, W 250).

CAS numbersLicowax KLE 73138-45-1

68920-66-1Licowax PE 520 09002-88-4Licowax PED 521 68441-17-8Licowax PED 522 68441-17-8Ceridust 3620 09002-88-4Ceridust 9615 A 09002-88-4

00110-30-5Ceridust 3715 09002-88-4Ceridust 2440 08002-74-2Ceridust 3719 68441-17-8Ceridust 9610 F 09002-88-4

09002-84-0Ceridust 9630 F 09002-88-4

09002-84-0Ceridust 3920 F 09002-88-4

09002-84-0TP Ceridust 3921 F 09002-88-4

09002-84-0Ceridust 9325 F 09002-88-4

09002-84-0TP Ceridust 9322 F 09002-88-4

09002-84-0Ceridust 3910 00110-30-5Ceridust 9202 F 09002-84-0Ceridust 9205 F 09002-84-0Licowax C micropowder 00110-30-5Licowax 371 FP 104912-80-3

Ceridust 5551 73138-45-1Licowax R 21 08002-74-2

73138-59-7Ceridust 6721 09003-07-0

00110-30-5TP Ceridust 5091 288395-49-3TP Ceridust 5851R 288395-49-3TP Ceridust 6050 M 09003-07-0

30

Transport and storage

Packaging> Licowax PE 520> Licowax PED 521> Licowax PED 522> Licowax 371 FP> Ceridust 3620> Ceridust 9615 A> Ceridust 3715> Ceridust 2440> Ceridust 3719> Ceridust 6721> Ceridust 6071> Ceridust 6072> TP Ceridust 6073> TP Ceridust 6074> TP Ceridust 6075> TP Ceridust 6050 M

> Ceridust 9610 F> Ceridust 9630 F> Ceridust 3920 F> TP Ceridust 3921 F> Ceridust 9325 F> TP Ceridust 9322 F> Ceridust 5551> TP Ceridust 5091> TP Ceridust 5851 R> Licowax KLE> Licowax R 21are supplied in 3-ply valved papersacks.

> Licowax C micropowder> Ceridust 3910> Ceridust 9202 F> Ceridust 9205 Fare supplied in PE sacks inside cartons.

StorageThe Licowax and the Ceridust gradesmust be stored in a dry place and atroom temperature.

Dispatch, transportRID, GGVE, ADR, GGVS, ADNR, IMDG-Code, ICAO/IATA-DGR.The Licowax and Ceridust gradesdescribed in this brochure are notdangerous substances within themeaning of these regulations.

31

Suppliers

Additol+ XL 480Additol+ XL 490Additol+ VXL 6245Additol+ VXW 4940Additol+ XW 376Additol+ XW 329Additol+ XL 297/100Alftalat+ AM 670Vialkyd+ AC 371/70 XVialkyd+ AM 421/80 IPViamin+ HF 164/70 IB Resydrol+ AY 586 w/ 38 WADuroftal+ VPE (7186/60 SNBMPAC)Duroftal+ VPE 6104Maprenal+ F 904UCB Chemie GmbH3 Rue Laid Burniat1348 Louvain-La-NeuveBelgium

Alresat+ KM 313Akzo Nobel

BYK+ 348BYK-Chemie GmbHPostfach 10024546462 WeselGermany

Texanol+

Eastman Chemical Companyc/o Eastman Chemical B.V.Charlottenstrae 6151149 KlnGermany

Agitan+ 295Tafigel+ PUR 40Mnzing Chemie GmbHPostfach 276274017 HeilbronnGermany

Collodium wool H 33 Collodium wool E 510Wolff Walsrode AG 29655 WalsrodeGermany

Desmodur+ ILDesmodur+ L 75Desmophen+ 1300Bayer AG 51368 Leverkusen-BayerwerkGermany

Polysolvan+ OCelanese Chemical Europe GmbHLurgiallee 1460439 Frankfurt/MainGermany

Solvent Naphta 180 / 210Haltermann GmbHFerdinandstrae 55-5720095 HamburgGermany

Photomer 6019 FPhotomer 5429 FPhotomer 5960 FPhotomer 4127 FPhotomer 4226 FPhotomer BPCognis Deutschland GmbHPostfach 13016440551 DsseldorfGermany

Silica HP 94 Crosfield Chemicals P.O. Box 26, Warrington, Cheshire/England WA5 1AB

Vestanat+ B 1370Degussa AGCreanova-LackrohstoffePaul-Baumann-Strae 145764 MarlGermany

Kronos 2059 Kronos Titan GmbHPeschstrae 551373 LeverkusenGermany

AMP+ 90Angus Chemie GmbHZeppelinstrae 3049479 IbbenbrenGermany

Saniprot+ 98-70Saniprot+ 99-73Sanitized Marketing AGLyssacherstrae 95P.O. Box 7643401 BurgdorfSwitzerland

Ti Pure R 900Du Pont de Nemours (Deutschland) GmbHPostfach 136561283 Bad HomburgGermany

Darocure 1173Ciba Spezialittenchemie AG Klybeckstrasse 1414002 Basel Switzerland

Please note This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to providegeneral notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described or their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.

= Trademark of Clariant registered in numerous countries.

Edition: October 2006 Exactly your chemistry.

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Clariant International Ltd.Pigments & Additives DivisionMarketing Coating BusinessRothausstrasse 614132 MuttenzSwitzerlandPhone: +41/61/469-79 56Fax: +41/61/469-75 40

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