class 1 -2 basic networking
TRANSCRIPT
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BASICS OFNETWORKING
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CISCO CURRICULUM DIVISION
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CISCO CERTIFICATION TREE
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DEVICES USEDAND THEIR SYMBOLS
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NETWORKING BASICS
An Internet workis a collection of individual networks, connected byintermediate networking devices, that functions as a single large network.
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TYPES OF NETWORKS
LAN LOCAL AREA NETWORK IS A SMALLGEOGRAPHICAL AREA SUCH AS OUR COLLEGE.
MAN METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK IS ANETWORK OVER A LARGER GEOGRAPHICAL AREASUCH AS THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT.
WAN WIDE AREA NETWORK IS A NETWORK USEDOVER AN EXTREMELY LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREASUCH AS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT.
BASICSOF NETWORKING
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INTERNET PROBLEMS
Internetworking Challenges.
Areas of connectivity, reliability, network management,
flexibility, Security,
Internetworking Models.
Apple Talk
OSI Models
TCP/IP Model Compatibility Issues
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NETWORKING SECURITY ISSUES
Networking Issues like Connectivity, Security, VirusAttacks, Individual Attacks and Denial of ServiceAttacks
Social Engineering
Hacking the Systems or Servers
Hacking Emails and In & Out of the System
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NETWORK BASICS
Protocol and Protocol Stacks
Protocol:- Rules to define the function the particular task
Protocol Stack:- Each layer of the model has its
own set of protocols associated with it. When wehave a set of protocols that create a completeOSI model, it is called a Protocol Stack.
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OPEN SYSTEM INTERCONNECTED
Compatibility Issues
OSI Model History and Difference between TCP/IP Suite
and OSI Model
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UNDERSTANDING HOST-TO-HOSTCOMMUNICATIONS
Older model
Proprietary
Application and combinations software controlled by one vendor
Standards-based model
Multivendor software
Layered approach
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OSI MODEL
Reduces complexity
Standardizes interfaces
Facilitates modular engineering
Ensures interoperable technology
Accelerates evolution
Simplifies teaching and learning
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)
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SESSION LAYER
Half-duplex
Transmission mode implements Ethernet carriersense multiple access collision detect (CSMA/CD).
Ethernet Half-Duplex communication means If datais transmitted by the Device then it cannot receiveat the same time or and Vice- versa.
Full Duplex
Device can transmit and receive at both the Time
Creating, Monitoring and terminating thesession
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL (CONT.)
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LAYER 2 TECHNOLOGIES (NODE-TO-NODE CONNECTIVITY)LAYER 2 TECHNOLOGY
Local Area Network (LAN) Ethernet
Wireless LAN
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Lease Lines Point to Point Protocol (PPP) Industry Standard
HDLC High Level Data-Link layer Protocol (Cisco Proprietary)
Circuit switching
Digital Subscriber Line
Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line
Packet Switching
X.25
Asynchronous Transfer Mode
Frame-Relay
MPLS Multi Protocol Label Switching
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DATA LINK LAYER (OPERATIONS)
Logical Link Control
Generates and maintains links between networkdevices. It helps up to mark the type of RoutedProtocol used in the packet.
Media Access Control
It provides the local connectivity of Devices onLayer 2 switches. Media Access Control givesevery NIC a unique 12 digit hexadecimal address.
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ETHERNET HEADER FORMAT
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WIRESHARK CAPTURINGOF PACKET
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THE SEVEN LAYERSOFTHE OSI MODEL
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PHYSICAL LAYER RESPONSIBILITIES
There are several items addresses by this layer. They are;
Network connections types, including multi-point and point-to-point networks.
Network Topologies, including ring, star, bus, and mesh
networks. Analog or Digital signaling.
Bit Synchronization (When to send data and when to listen forit).
Baseband Vs. Broadband transmissions.
Multiplexing (Combining multiple streams of data into onechannel).
Termination, to give better signal clarity and for nodesegmentation.
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DATA ENCAPSULATION
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DATA DE-ENCAPSULATION
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PEER-TO-PEER COMMUNICATION
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TRANSITION MEDIA
Cables :- Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) is undoubtedly themost common transmission system.
Shielded Twisted Pair Cable
Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
o Cable Types
Straight Cable
Cross Over Cable
Roll Over Cable
Fiber Optic Cable
High Speed Data transfer Rate
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LIMITATIONOF ETHERNET AND FIBRE CABLES
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COLLISION AND BROADCAST DOMAIN
Collisions Domain:-
Device that can communicate simultaneously onthe Device
Broadcast Domain:-
A broadcast domain is a logical division of acomputer network, in which all nodes can reacheach other by broadcast at the data link layer.
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DEVICES USEDIN NETWORKING
Hubs
Active Hubs
Passive Hubs
Intelligent Hubs
Bridges
Switches
Routers
Firewall Load Balancers
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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Star Topology
Bus Topology
Ring Topology
Full Mesh Partial Mesh
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STAR TOPOLOGY
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BUS TOPOLOGY
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RING TOPOLOGY
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FULL MESHAND PARTIAL MESH
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CISCO HIERARCHICAL MODELFOR NETWORKDESIGN