COMMUNICATION

Reshmi NaskarAsst.Professor, NSMC

WHAT IS COMMUNICATION ???

Communication is the process by which two or more people exchange ideas ,facts, feelings, information to reach to a mutual understanding about a topic or problem of mutual importance.

The term communication is derived form the Latin word ‘COMMUNIS’ which means common or community for good reason.

“Communication is what receiver understands and not what the sender says”

‘Communication is the transfer of information and understanding from one person to another.It is the way of reaching others with facts ,ideas, thoughts and values –Keith Davis‘Communication is any behaviour that results in an exchange of meaning” –American Management Association.Effective Communication is a purposive symbolic interchange resulting in a workable understanding agreement between the sender and the receiver.” –George T. Vardaman.The process by which information is passed between people by means of previously agreed symbols in order to produce a desired response. –Peter LittleThe process by which an idea is transferred from a source to a receiver with the intention of changing his or her behavior –Rogers and RogersCommunication is a process of sending meaningful messages from one person to another .The messages could be oral , written, visual or olfactory. It is a process which increases commonality but also requires elements of commonality to occur. –Dennis Mac Quail

It is a process in which participants share information with one another in order to reach mutual understanding about a topic or problem of mutual importance. –D.Lawrence Kincaid

Communication arises out of the need to reduce uncertainty ,to act effectively, to defend, or strengthen the ego…communication ceases when meaning are adequate ,it is initiated as soon as new meanings are required –D.C.Barnland

It includes all procedures by which one mind may affect another. This of course involves not only written and oral speech ,but also music , pictorial marts , the theatre ,the ballet and infact all human behavior. –Shannon and Warren Weaver. A mechanism by which human relations exist and develop and the symbols of mind together with means of conveying them through space and preserving them in time –Charles Cooley.

Origin of Communication can be traced back to the origin of civilization

Non verbal communication –signs,symbols,grunts

Verbal form of communication-Spoken form

Written communication –Symbols, drawings

Print communication (1820)

Electronic form of communication –Radio(1930)

Television (1959)

Digitalization of Communication Tools(1995)

Sender Encoding Message/Media Decoding

Feedback Response Receiver

1.Sender2.Encoding3.Message4.Media5.Decoding6.Receiver7.Response8.Feedback9.Noise

TYPES

Verbal Non -Verbal

1.Verbal Communication –Communication through words of mouth.2.Non –verbal communication -Communication through non verbal messages.

NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

DEFINATION –Communication involving all non verbal stimuli in a communication setting generated by an individual and individual’s use of the environment.Non Verbal Communication –1.Repeats what was said verbally2.Compliments what was said verbally3.Contradicts what was said verbally4.Substitutes for what would be said verbally5.Regulates and Manages the communication event.

1.general appearance and dress

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

2.Body Movements

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

3.FACIALEXPRESSIONS

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

4.Eye Contact and Gaze

TOUCHTYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

5.SMELL

6.SilenceTYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

7.Space and Distance -Proxemics

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

a.INTRAPERSONALCOMMUNICATION

Holding communication with oneselfIndividual is a self contained communication system.Constituted of thought processing , information processing and internal dialogue.Basis of all other forms of communication. Enables one to make decisions based on information's received

INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

Face to face communicationCommunication between two personsOften referred to as dyadic communication.Most used format of communicationMostly includes informal,everydayexchanges between two people.People involved in the process are in close proximity while sending and receiving messages.Characterized by feedback(verbal or non verbal)

GROUP COMMUNICATION

It occurs between three or more persons who perceive themselves as belonging to , or being identified with a group.Interaction and intimacy depends upon the size of the group.The larger the group the less personal and intimate is the possibility of exchangeTypes –1.Primary Groups –basic social unit i.e. family2.Casual or social group –company of adult friends , neighbourhoods and others with whom we socialize.3.Learning or educational groups –seminars,conferences4.Work Groups –members have specific goals to be achieved by virtue of employment in an organization.

PUBLIC COMMUNICATION

Involves the sending of messages to a large group of people in a face to face setting

Public speaking is the primary tool for this type of participation.

The following are the characteristic feature :Lack of verbal exchange between speaker and audienceLarge groupsLess personal Usage of general languageFormal approach to communication.Usually occurs in public rather than private places

MASS COMMUNICATION

It is a process of delivering information , ideas attitudes to a sizeable and diversified audience through use of media developed for that purpose.

Also known as mediated communication.

MASS COMMUNICATION

MASS COMMUNICATION

(Large cross section of population)

Characteristics of Mass Communication

Large, Heterogeneous , Anonymous audience

Mass Medium

Impersonal Communication

Gatekeeper

Delayed Feedback

Surveillance(Information) ,transmission of cultural heritage , correlation of different parts of society(Herald Lasswell)Entertainment –(Wright,1960)Interpret ,Connect and provide direction to an interactionProvide reward, relaxation and reduction of tension.Mobilize the opinion of peopleAdvance National Interests and promote certain key values and behavioral patterns.Help in reaching decisions Safeguarding of civil liberties .

1.Credibility of the communicator

2.Context of communication

3.Content of Communication

4.Clarity

5.Continuty and Consistency

6.Channel

7.Capability of Audience