class #2
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Class #2. Chapters 4,5,6,7, and 10. NFPA Statistics. NFPA survey is a three year cycle that attempts to survey one third of the states in a given year. Tables 4.1 to 4.18 pg 90 to 96. FD Administration and OPS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Class #2
Chapters 4,5,6,7, and 10
NFPA Statistics
NFPA survey is a three year cycle that attempts to survey one third of the states in a given year.
Tables 4.1 to 4.18 pg 90 to 96
FD Administration and OPS
Effective FD management requires specific decisions related to specific communities, as well as general practices relating to objectives, structure, budgeting, purchasing, planning, intergovernmental relations, and analysis.
Early Suppression and Regulations
5 steps in the evolution of fire prot. 1. establishment of night watch
services 2. fire prevention regs.+ enforcement 3. salvage societies (groups) 4. volunteer fire companies 5. appointment of officers a F/F
Interesting History Facts
First organized fire protection Roman vigil’s 24 B.C.
First fire regulation (code) 872 A.D. Oxford England, hearth fire
extinguished at a fixed hour. First SOPS
Edinburgh’s fire chief James Braidwood authored a 396 page handbook on what good fire department service should be
Interesting America History Facts
First America fire ordinance (code) Boston Mass. 1631 prohibited thatched
roofs and wood chimneys First paid municipal department
Circa 1679 Boston started a paid FD (not full time, paid on call) as a result of a major conflagration in 1679
First full time paid FDs Cincinnati 1853, FDNY 1865
Duty System and Training History Early 20 century continuous duty system After WWII two – platoon system Three platoon system evolved 24 hr. shifts now common with FLSA
restrictions 53 hr work week 1889 Boston first drill school 1914 NYC college for officer training 1937 OSU fire program 1950 most states provide some form of
training
Types of FD Organizations Public FD municipal Fire Bureau division of public safety County FD Fire District separate taxing body Fire Protection Districts tax supported
unit of government that contracts other organizations for service, paper district
Volunteer FD
Expanding Role of Fire Service The leadership challenge for the fire service
is to define what an effective, competitive FD will look like in the future and establish a steady course in pursuit of that vision. FFs can’t define the business they want to be in based on the missions that have the most appeal or immediate gratification. Neither can the fire chief impose his will. The measure of success must be one that satisfies dynamic changing community needs.
Expanding Role Fire Prevention
As FDs have professionalized they have historically developed suppression capability rather than their fire prevention capability.
Positioning the Fire Service in the future depends on a affordable balance between suppression and FPB
Expanding Role Pre-Incident Planning
Should involve all FFs and be ongoing Five steps in preplanning
Info gathering Info analysis Info dissemination Review and drill
Expanding Role Fire Investigation
Fire investigations, not only to identify criminal activity but to make fire cause determination, can identify factors useful in lessening the number and severity of fires that may occur in the future.
Expanding Role Public ED
The neighborhood station is a great vehicle for public education and support for FD.
good programs are available NFPA And developed programs within a FD
Expanding Role Public Information
In a good public info program it is important to develop and maintain procedures that keep the public informed of activities and programs.
WHY?
Expanding Role EMS
No kidding, EMS touches all aspects of FD operation.
Other expanded roles Haz Mat and special ops Mgt. improvement systems Mgt. info systems Safety and Health
FD Structure
For a FD to function effectively it must have an organizational plan that shows the relationship between operating divisions and the total organization.
Organizational Principles
Work should be divided among individuals and operating units according to a plan.
As a FD gets bigger & complex the need for coordination increases.
The most successful organizations operate as a team organized as a system.
Organization Functions
Line functions; directly involving delivery of emergency services.
Staff functions include; FPB, Training, Maintenance,
Communications, Research and planning, Public information, Financial mgt., Personnel mgt., Fire protection engineering, and Management information systems.
Organizational Plans
Good organizational plans that reflect the current status of the FD is essentially a blueprint of the organization.
A list of responsibilities (job descriptions) for each position should be part of the plan.
Rules and Regulations
Every FD should have a set of R & R that outline expectations, SOPs, and punitive discipline.
Good R & R should be Easy to interpret and understand Are readily available to all Trained on Reviewed and revised
Organizing For Emergency Response
Complexity relates to size of FD and size of emergency
Putting the right numbers of personnel and apparatus in a timely way is essential.
Mutual aid, interagency cooperation and operability are also very important
Components of Communications
Receiving alarms Dispatching procedures Radio communications Proper staffing and training Information retrieval and storage Alerting systems
FD and in some cases the public
Personnel in FDs
Greatly influenced by Financial resources Availability Vol vs career Frequency of incidents Range of services Preference of community
There are no simple guidelines it boils down to a local decision
Major Responsibilities of the Organization
Fiscal mgt. and budgeting Personnel mgt.
Recruiting, qualifications, promotions, and personnel records
Productivity Difficult to measure Must maintain good training Planning and research help productivity
Staffing Practices
2 to 3 % of members assigned FPB Most career work 24s Dallas study recommends minimum 4
on a company so does NFPA and OSHA (2 in 2 out)
Many FDs use mutual aid Most FDs are understaffed?
WHY?
Intergovernmental Relations
FDs should always try to interact cooperatively with Building departments The PD Water dept. Community public info and education Personnel, finance, planning, MIS And other groups as needed
Evaluation and Planning
Background issues High costs Technical and operational issues What process should be used
Five questions on pg 126 Basic questions raised in Evaluation
and planning. Pg 127
Evaluation and Planning
Planning steps Setting goals Evaluating Working out details All three require analysis of information
Two important aspects of good plans A good plan to make your plan Feasible with clear goals
Evaluation and Planning
Evaluation statement pg 128 Two important concepts
Capability (personnel trained & equipped)
Capacity (sustained operations) A common rule of thumb initial attack
companies on scene within 10 minutes of alarm.
Evaluation and Planning Following a hazard analysis in a
jurisdiction many questions are raised Pg 129 lists 15 questions
In simplest terms fire suppression in urban areas (or any area), involves tasks to be completed quickly and simultaneously pg 131
See page 132 table 6 for guideline
Evaluation and Planning
In evaluating the adequacy of fire protection evaluators and planers must give major consideration to health and safety issues.
Interesting staffing statement pg 133
Evaluation and Planning
Evaluating service levels pg 135 NFPA select committee identified
what a good FD analysis should consist of see pg 136
ISO FSRS (fire suppression rating schedule) rating 1 to 10 looks at communication, FD, water
Evaluation and Planning
Goal setting concepts to consider during the planning process Adequate level of protection Cost to community risk vs benefit in
relation to $$ Acceptable risk
Evaluation and Planning
Master planning examines existing programs, projects future needs, and determines the best way to fill those needs.
Key questions in master plan development pg 141
Evaluation and Planning
Master planning is participative and has four phases see pg 142
FD Information Systems
Information technology can enhance organizational effectiveness and efficiency by providing rapid access to high quality info. Information technology has become an organizational necessity.
FD Information Systems
Information technology can support and complement Resource control and deployment Emergency response and operations Help internal & external communication Administration and office automation FPB, Training, Research activities Emergency management
FD Information Systems
A good MIS fulfills a variety of needs Strategic planning Resource optimization Support of daily operations Public outreach and communications Internal communication and
documentation
FD Information Systems
Systems uses include Program and organizational performance
evaluation Fleet management Capital asset & personnel planning CAD and enhanced 911 GIS geographic positioning system Mobile data
FD Information Systems Thermal imaging Personal accountability Digital documentation EMS Administrative automation Mobile connectivity Networking Internal and external database
FD Information Systems Financial applications HR functions Facility management FPB applications Incident reporting and analysis Fire investigation Emergency planning Training and research Any others?
System Integration
Many FDs don’t have a systematic approach to the development and use of MIS. The approach is piecemeal without an overall plan.
The solution is information technology planning.
Pre-Incident Planning
What it is; pre-incident planning is ensuring that first responders know as much as they can about the facilities construction, occupancy, and installed systems before the incident.
What it is not; it is not easy
Pre-Incident Planning Proper training is important
What to look for How to document How to interoperate Making it useful
Preplanning requires cooperation of all involved, mgt, insurance, others
Planning process see flowchart pg 182 Fig 10.1
Pre-Incident Planning Data Components
Building construction Walls construction Roof construction Ceilings and attics Floor construction Means of egress Vertical openings Horizontal openings
Pre-Incident Planning Data Components
Occupancy the people inside numbers and time
people are present What is done inside (what process) What is used inside, equipment, supplies,
hazardous materials
Pre-Incident Planning Data Components
Fire protection Sprinkler system Water supply Special systems Standpipes Fire alarm system
Pre-Incident Planning Data Components
Site considerations Access Security Exposures Utilities Environment
Outside assistance Public and private sector