class: 2 micro spring 260 20692 24-may-10 09:32 1)
TRANSCRIPT
Class: 2 Micro SpringDescription:__________________________________________________________________________
Test: Micro Final 10Test Points: 260Test Number: 20692Printed: 24-May-10 09:32__________________________________________________________________________
1) Bacteria is 1/1000 the volume of what type of typical cell?
A ____ EukaryoticB ____ prokaryoticC ____ EubacteriaD ____ archaeobacteria
2) Which is the largest?
A ____ dust miteB ____ ebola virusC ____ ecoliD ____ Leukocyte (White Blood Cell)
3) What size is a dust Mite?
A ____ 2 millimetersB ____ 20 micrometersC ____ 200 micrometersD ____ 2 micrometers
4) How large is the average volume of a prokaryotic cell in comparison to the average volume of a eukaryotic cell?
A ____ 1/1,000 volume B ____ /10,000 volumeC ____ 1/500 volume D ____ 1/100 volume
5) Which of the following is an example of a viral disease
A ____ Mononucleosous B ____ Staph infectionC ____ Strep Throat D ____ Syphillis
6) What is the study of viruses called?
A ____ viralogyB ____ virologyC ____ bacteriologyD ____ viruology
7) Algae is…..
A ____ unicellularB ____ multicellularC ____ nietherD ____ A and B
8) Is Algae Disease causing?
A ____ NoB ____ Only in Forgein CountriesC ____ Only if InjestedD ____ Yes
9) Which word describes the energy style of algae?
A ____ photosynthetic autotrophsB ____ chemosynthetic autotrophsC ____ heterotrophsD ____ homotrophs
10) Which of the following is not a characteristic of a Eurkaryotic Cell
A ____ no internal membrane B ____ has an internal membrane C ____ includes fungi D ____ Eurkaryotic means "true nuclues"
11) What is the study of Bacteria?
A ____ BacteriologyB ____ MicrobiologyC ____ BacteriumD ____ Eubacteria
12) What is True Bacteria?
A ____ Bacteria that you can seeB ____ EubacteriaC ____ ArchaeobacteriaD ____ The original Bacteria
13) Eubacteria is what kind of bacteria?
A ____ fake bacteriaB ____ Invisible BacteriaC ____ ancient bacteriaD ____ modern bacteria
14) what is an example of a bacterial disease?
A ____ AIDSB ____ FluC ____ polioD ____ chlamydia
15) How do Fungi obtain their energy?
A ____ Outside sources such as carbohydrates and sugarsB ____ They are photosynthetic C ____ They are chemosynthetic D ____ They don't eat
16) Fungi is…..
A ____ eukaryoticB ____ nonmotileC ____ heterotrophsD ____ all of the above
17) Which term describes how fungi obtain their energy?
A ____ autotrophsB ____ photosynethetic autotrophsC ____ heterotrophsD ____ chemosynthetic autotrophs
18) Why are fungi ecologically important?
A ____ they collect food.B ____ they absorb sunlightC ____ they don't obtain energy at all.D ____ they live off dead matter and thus, keep compuse it.
19) Protozoa was considered the first what?
A ____ animalsB ____ bacteria
C ____ cellsD ____ virus
20) What was the human disease that Jenner notices ocurred rarely in milkmaids?
A ____ PolioB ____ InfluenzaC ____ SmallpoxD ____ Cowpox
21) The ultimate downfall of the theory of spontaneous generation was the result of work by:
A ____ KochB ____ SpallanzaniC ____ LeeuwenhoekD ____ Pasteur
22) The special flask used by pasteur had a(n):
A ____ double neck so two substances may be added at the same time.B ____ bent neck to prevent airborne particles from entering into the main body of the flaskC ____ secondary opening at the base to allow for drainage.D ____ inverted upper edge to prevent spillage while swirling.
23) This person's experiment really should have been the one to disprove spontaneous generation but critics didn't like his removal of air.
A ____ SpallanzaniB ____ PasteurC ____ NeedhamD ____ Hooke
24) Early explainations of disease might have included which of the following?
A ____ BacteriaB ____ VirusesC ____ WitchesD ____ Ducks
25) Robert Koch studied
A ____ Disease TransmissionB ____ Food SpoilageC ____ AntibioticsD ____ Immunization
26) The person who proved that diseases were caused by microorganisms was:
A ____ KochB ____ SpallanzaniC ____ LeeuwenhoekD ____ Pasteur
27) This individual was the first person to see bacteria using a simple microscope:
A ____ KochB ____ GalileoC ____ LeeuwenhoekD ____ Hooke
28) The person who first observed that living things are made of small "rooms" or "cells":
A ____ KochB ____ PasteurC ____ LeeuwenhoekD ____ Hooke
29) How does a prokaryotic cells' small size make them different than eukaryotic cells?
A ____ They multiply more rapidly.B ____ They grow faster.C ____ They can easily meet their nutritional needsD ____ All of these.E ____ None of these
30) What is the literal meaning of the term "Prokaryote"?
A ____ "Before Nucleus"B ____ "True Nucleus"C ____ None of theseD ____ "Supporting a Nucleus"E ____ All of these
31) Why do Eukaryotic cells reproduce slower than Prokaryotic cells?
A ____ Eukaryotic cells have to go through mitosis, where they have to dissolve the nucleus and put a nucleus back together, but Prokaryotic cells skip this step.
B ____ Eukaryotic cells are simpler than Prokaryotes, so they don't have a plan for how to divide.
C ____ Eukaryotic cells don't have any reason to reproduce as much as Prokaryotic cells.D ____ All of these
E ____ None of these
32) Which type of cell doesn't have a cell membrane?
A ____ Prokaryotic Cells B ____ Eukaryotic Cells C ____ Both have cell membranesD ____ Neither has a cell membrane
33) Which type of cell is more organized?
A ____ Eukaryotic Cells B ____ Prokaryotic Cells C ____ Both are highly organizedD ____ Neither is highly organized
34) What is the difference between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes in terms of how they store their DNA?
A ____ Prokaryote has a nucleoid and a Eukaryote has a nucleus.B ____ both of them have a cell nucleusC ____ they both have a cell nucleoidD ____ none of these explain how they store DNA
35) Which of these is correct about the internal structures of Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes?
A ____ A eukaryotic cell has a more organized internal structure than a prokaryotic cellB ____ Both cells have the same organized internal structures (the same parts). C ____ Neither of the cells are very organized in any way, shape, or formD ____ Both are equally organized, but they each have different parts
36) A single celled prokaryote has all except for which of the following?
A ____ DNAB ____ A cell membraneC ____ RibosomesD ____ Golgi body
37) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the nucleoid.
38) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the DNA.
39) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the Pili.
40) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the Click on the flagella.
41) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the layer of peptidoglycan.
42) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the cell wall.
43) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the cell membrane.
44) This is a Point and Click question. You must click on the media button to see the picture.
Click on the pili used to exchange DNA.
45) What is light colored structure surrounding these cells?
A ____ PeptidoglycanB ____ CapsuleC ____ LipopolysaccharideD ____ Boogers
46) Which type of bacteria is this?
A ____ Gram -B ____ Gram +
47) Which type of bacteria is this?
A ____ Gram -B ____ Gram +
48) Which is not done by proteins in the cell membrane?
A ____ Absorbs nutrientsB ____ removes waste.C ____ individual IDD ____ Production of protein
49) Which of the following parts of a bacteria removes waste like human kidneys?
A ____ ribosomesB ____ Cell WallC ____ Outer membraneD ____ Plasma (cell) membrane
50) Which of these are diseases caused by this type of organism.
A ____ TyphusB ____ Lyme DiseaseC ____ Staph InfectionsD ____ Tuberculosis
51) What are axial filaments?
A ____ Membranes that protect the cell.B ____ A capsule surrounding the cell.C ____ Bundles of flagella that wrap around the cell body.D ____ A type of pili used to grab other cells
52) What is the short, hairlike, non-moving appendage attached to the bacteria?
A ____ HairB ____ ArmsC ____ PiliD ____ Flagella
53) Which is a function of pili?
A ____ Exchanging small bits of DNA with another bacteria
B ____ to kill other bacteria.C ____ Two uses for pili are for a defense mechanismD ____ Used for movement
54) Which is a function of pili?
A ____ Grabbing onto other cellsB ____ to kill other bacteria.C ____ Two uses for pili are for a defense mechanismD ____ Used for movement
55) What is the function of a Flagella?
A ____ Help them swimB ____ helps them get foodC ____ helps them fight off predatorsD ____ crawl on a solid surface
56) Which appendage is used for grabbing onto other cells
A ____ PiliB ____ Flagella
C ____ Axial FilamentsD ____ Capsule
57) What is the difference between axial filaments and flagella?
A ____ Axial Filaments can swim through mucus and flagella cannotB ____ Axial Filaments can't swim while flagella canC ____ Axial Filaments can swim while flagella cannotD ____ Flagella and axial filaments are the same thing
58) What is a functions of the cell wall?
A ____ To control diffusionB ____ To dispose of waste.C ____ To withstand Turgor pressure.D ____ To Identify other organisms
59) What is the Prokaryote Envelope?
A ____ The Prokaryote Envelope is anything that forms the outside covering of a prokaryotic cell.
B ____ The packaging that the cell comes in.
C ____ Any of the structures sticking out of the organism. D ____ The cell membrane and cytoplasm
60) What part of the bacteria is made of endotoxins that cause food poisoning?
A ____ Gram - outer membraneB ____ Gram + outer layerC ____ Gram - plasma membraneD ____ Gram + plasma membrane
61) What are endotoxins found in some bacteria made of?
A ____ Endotoxins are made up of Lipopolysaccharides. B ____ Endotoxins are made up of carbohydratesC ____ Endotoxins are made up of a combination of lipids and proteinD ____ Peptidoglycan
62) The capsule helps bacteria by
A ____ making them slippery and therefore harder to kill by the white blood cellsB ____ providing structure and shape.
C ____ Storing DNA.D ____ Allowing them to move through mud and mucus
63) Cytoplasm is composed of
A ____ waterB ____ carbohydratesC ____ proteinsD ____ SaltsE ____ all of theseF ____ none of these
64) What is one advantage of using heat to sterilize things?
A ____ its cheapB ____ there are no advantagesC ____ it works on every materialD ____ it leaves some bacteria completely unharmed
65) How does heat like that from a bunsen burner kill organisms?
A ____ incinerates them completelyB ____ doesn't kill it just stunts growthC ____ breaks up their dna onlyD ____ oversaturates molecules with water
66) How does heat like that from your oven kill organisms?
A ____ alters the structure of the cell's proteins.B ____ doesn't kill it just stunts growthC ____ breaks up their dna onlyD ____ dissolves their DNA
67) What is a disadvantage of radiation?
A ____ harmful to humansB ____ easy for the average personC ____ doesn't kill surface bacteriaD ____ doesn't damage DNA
68) This is a CheckBoxes question. There can be more than one correct answer.
What are the limitations of using UV radiation?
A ____ can be harmful to humansB ____ cannot sterilize below surfaceC ____ cannot kill anything but bacteriaD ____ Cannot fully sterilize
69) What are the two types of radiation used in bacterial control?
A ____ UV and Ionizing RadiationB ____ UV Light, and microwavesC ____ UVA, and UVBD ____ UV Light and horrific thermonuclear explosions
70) What does radiation do that gives it its antibacterial effect?
A ____ denatures proteinB ____ damages DNA
C ____ inhibits cell wall growthD ____ dissolves membranes
71) All these chemicals aren't typically able to sterilize except for?
A ____ ethylene oxideB ____ surfactsC ____ alcoholD ____ halogens
72) Most chemicals work by:
A ____ Interrupting necessary cellular functionsB ____ damaging DNAC ____ dehydrating cellsD ____ removing them based on their size
73) How do cold temperatures stop the growth of bacteria?
A ____ It slows chemical processesB ____ kills the membraneC ____ incinerates proteinsD ____ evaporate the ribosomes
74) What is most commonly treated with cold temperatures?
A ____ FoodB ____ peopleC ____ machinesD ____ lab equiptment
75) This is a Point and Click question. You must include an image.
Click on the medulla.
76) This is a Point and Click question. You must include an image.
Click on the Renal Pelvis.
77) This is a Point and Click question. You must include an image.
Click on the Renal Pyramids.
78) This is a Point and Click question. You must include an image.
Click on the Renal Columns.
79) This is a Point and Click question. You must include an image.
Click on the cortex.
80) What is the mechanism of Action of Filtration?
A ____ It damages DNA.B ____ Kills all bacteria.C ____ It removes cellular organisms based on their size.D ____ Removes the nutrients from the liquid causing them to starve.
81) What can't you sterilize using Filtration?
A ____ TableB ____ VirusesC ____ AntibioticsD ____ Beer
82) What are the bodies common entry points for microbes?
A ____ EarsB ____ EyesC ____ Urogenital tractD ____ Respiratory openings
83) What is a host?
A ____ organism that supports the growth of pathogensB ____ organism that supports the growth of pathogens but isn't affectedC ____ person that throws bangersD ____ an infectious bacteria
84) What is an infection as it pertains to a human?
A ____ A disease that terroizes the body. (I Kill You!!!)B ____ The invasion and growth of pathogens in the body with or without disease.C ____ When a microorganism overcomes the body's defenses, a state of disease results.D ____ The beginning of growth on the surface of the body.
85) What is pathology?
A ____ The study of causes, development and effect of diseases.B ____ The study of the societal cost of treating disease.C ____ The study of the methods of treating individuals with a disease.D ____ The study of ... oh hell, I can't think of anything good. Just dont pick this answer.
86) What is the etiology of a disease?
A ____ study of it's cause.B ____ Study of its symptoms.C ____ Study of it's invasion.D ____ Study of it's development.
87) A random change in an organisms DNA is:
A ____ a mutationB ____ developmental stageC ____ growthD ____ transmission
88) Which factor refers to how easily you catch a disease?
A ____ InvasivenessB ____ VirulenceC ____ Opportunistic pathogensD ____ Bacteria shape
89) Which is NOT a likely an entry point for a virus?
A ____ EyesB ____ BloodC ____ EarsD ____ Nose
90) Which term refers to the severity of a disease?
A ____ InvasivnessB ____ VirulenceC ____ PathogenicityD ____ Opportunistic
91) What term refers to how easily an organism causes symptoms?
A ____ InvasivnessB ____ VirulenceC ____ PathogenicityD ____ Opportunistic
92) If an organism caused a disease that was extremely severe it would have a high... ________________.
A ____ virulenceB ____ invasivenessC ____ pathogenicityD ____ number of opportunities
93) If an organism was very good at finding a way into your body, it would have a high... ________________.
A ____ virulenceB ____ invasivenessC ____ pathogenicity
D ____ number of opportunities
94) If an organism was very likely to cause an illness once it infected you, it would have a high... ________________.
A ____ virulenceB ____ invasivenessC ____ pathogenicityD ____ number of opportunities
95) Commensalism is the term for an interaction between microbes and you where...
A ____ one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.B ____ both organisms benefit.
C ____ one organism benefits and one is harmed.D ____ Neither organism is either helped or harmed.
96) In the body, where would you find E. coli bacteria most often?
A ____ digestive tractB ____ skinC ____ mouthD ____ respiratory tract
97) What is the relationship between E. coli and humans when they are inhabiting your intestine?
A ____ Commenialism
B ____ ParasitismC ____ MutualismD ____ Humanism
98) Microorganisms that establish permanent colonies inside or on the body are called:
A ____ normal microbiotaB ____ Serratia marcescensC ____ pathogensD ____ bacteria blanket
99) What are transient microbiota composed of?
A ____ microbes that are present for various periods and then disappear.B ____ Microorganisms that establish permanent colonies inside or on the body.C ____ viruses that infect cells without doing any symptoms.D ____ Microbes that make up your bodies biofilm.
100) What does biofilm cover ?
A ____ virusesB ____ bacteriaC ____ human cellsD ____ all of these
101) What does the respiratory tract do to prevent bacteria growth?
A ____ ciliary flushingB ____ stomach acidC ____ natural antibioticsD ____ red blood cells
102) What is an opportunistic organism?
A ____ organisms that only cause disease under unusual conditionsB ____ organisms that cause disease under normal circumstancesC ____ Organisms that are a parasite and do no major damage.D ____ A virus that infects cells, then becomes dormant for long periods of time.
103) You were just emptying a container of two month old tuna salad you found in the back of your fridge when you spill it down the front of you. Those organisms on you would be considered.
A ____ transient microbiotaB ____ normal microbiotaC ____ ParasitesD ____ a biofilm
104) What is the activity of normal microbiota that can prevent pathogens from causing an infection?
A ____ Microbial AntagonismB ____ Commensalism
C ____ mutualismD ____ Parasitism
105) What type of bacteria are normally found in the colon?
A ____ M. luteusB ____ E. coliC ____ R. rubrumD ____ B. megaterium
106) What type of bacteria is usually found in the respiratory tract?
A ____ Staph. epidermisB ____ clostridiumC ____ Mycobacterium tuberculatumD ____ none of these
107) Which is not a type of symbiosis?
A ____ parasitismB ____ commensalismC ____ microbial antagonismD ____ mutualism
108) Which of the following situations would most likely be germ free?
A ____ newly born babiesB ____ adult animalC ____ A baby in uteroD ____ a dead animal
109) What do bacteria in the digestive tract help humans to do?
A ____ Clean the stomachB ____ Digest plant materials
C ____ Create ulcersD ____ Digest fats
110) Which of the following has no normal human flora?
A ____ MouthB ____ Digestive tractC ____ Excretory tractD ____ Blood/internal tissues
111) Why is competitive inhibition beneficial in your body?
A ____ Normal microbes inhibit more harmful bacteria from colonizing you.B ____ Bacteria convert harmful bacteria into something you can use.C ____ Bacteria already in your body are occupying your immune system, so you don't have the
energy to notice any new organisms.
112) What is an opportunistic Infection?
A ____ Normal Flora that mutate into something pathogenicB ____ Normal flora that invade tissues they normally don't inhabit.C ____ Pathogenic bacteria that live on you without doing any harm.
113) Which type of antibodies has 10 antigen sites
A ____ IgGB ____ IgMC ____ IgAD ____ IgE
114) Which type of antibodies are involved specifically with allergies & parasites?
A ____ IgG
B ____ IgMC ____ IgAD ____ IgE
115) Which type of antibodies can cross the placenta and protects a developing fetus?
A ____ IgGB ____ IgMC ____ IgAD ____ IgE
116) Which type of antibodies are secreted in tears, milk, and mucus?
A ____ IgGB ____ IgMC ____ IgAD ____ IgE
117) Click on the place where Lymphokines are being released.
118) Click on any macrophage you see.
119) Click on the antigens that have been recognized and are about to trigger this entire immune response.
120) Click on the Helper T Cell.
121) Click on a cell releasing destructive enzymes.
122) Click on the only cell(s) that needs permission to act.
123) Click on a cell that has been infected with a virus.
124) Phagocytosis...
A ____ is the process of blowing up cellsB ____ is shrinking cells into raisinsC ____ is the process of eating cellsD ____ is the process of not eating cells
125) Some results of bacteria damage found in the mouth are
A ____ cavities, acetic acid, hives, hangnailsB ____ halitosis, gum disease, tennis elbow, ulcersC ____ burnt taste buds, acetic acid, cavities, salivaD ____ gum disease, halitosis, cavities
126) Cell Mediated Immunity is:
A ____ defense mechanism that is always prepared to fight.B ____ resistance your body learned throughout your life.C ____ the part of your immune system found in your stomach.D ____ The part of your immune system that is only used to kill your own cells.
127) This is a CheckBoxes question. There can be more than one correct answer.
Check all of the actions a macrophage can do.
A ____ Kill invading antigens.B ____ Produce enzymes to destroy infected cells.C ____ Secrete Lymphokines to alert the Helper T Cell.D ____ Wear antigen proteins for analysis in the thymus.
128) What is the literal meaning of macrophage?
A ____ "big eater"B ____ "big mouth"C ____ "little mouth"D ____ "big killer"
129) This is an Ordering question. Put the following events in the order they happen during Cell Mediated Immunity:
A ____ Macrophage locates antigen.B ____ Helper T Cell analyzes the proteins on a macrophage's cell membrane.C ____ The Helper T Cell releases lymphokines.
D ____ Killer T Cells use enzymes to lys cells by dissolving their membrane.
130) This is an Ordering question. Put the following events in the order they happen during Cell Mediated Immunity:
A ____ Macrophage eats antigen.B ____ Macrophage puts antigen proteins on its cell membrane.C ____ The Helper T Cell releases lymphokines.D ____ Killer T Cells destroy antigens and infected cells by bursting them.