class 5: advanced concepts hold on to your hats!
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Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats!. Marat Kulakhmetov. Rocket Equation. Also known as : The Tsiolkovsky Equation F = m * a Forces = Drag + Weight + Thrust DV = How speed it needs ISP = how efficient the rocket engine is. Staging. The Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation says : - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
Class 5: Advanced Concepts Hold on to your hats!
Marat Kulakhmetov
School of Aeronautics and Astronautics
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Rocket Equation
• Also known as : The Tsiolkovsky Equation
• F = m * a
• Forces = Drag + Weight + Thrust
• DV = How speed it needs• ISP = how efficient the rocket engine is
( / * )* DV g ISPLaunchWeight FinalWeight e
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Staging• The Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation says :
• ISP depends on the rocket engine used. Higher ISP = Lower Launch Weight
• DV = Final Velocity, depends on your mission
( / * )* DV g ISPLaunchWeight FinalWeight e
• To get large velocities you would need very large takeoff weights
• Using multiple rocket stages allows us to achieve higher velocities with less weight
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Russian N1 Rocket
• The Largest Rocket Built• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k4-CyIBl
KNs&feature=related
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Staging
• Saturn V rocket, that flew to the moon used 3 stages
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Rocket Recovery
• How do we get the rocket (or what is left) back?
• Can we just use wings and land at an airport?
• Can we use a parachute
• Can we use rocket motors to slow down?
• This is what I’m working on!
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Aerodynamic Regimes
• Mach Number = Speed / Speed of sounds
• Speed of Sound = 350 m/s ( 800 mi/h)
• Incompressible ( Mach < 0.3)
• Compressible (0.3<Mach < 0.8)
• Transonic ( 0.8 < Mach < 1)
• Supersonic ( Mach > 1)
• Hypersonic (Mach > 5)
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Incompressible Aerodynamics
•Mach < 0.3 • Velocity < 100 m/s
< 220 mi/h
•
• The air gets out of the way without compressing
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Compressible Aerodynamics
•Mach 0.3 – 0.8 • 100 m/s – 280 m/s• 220 mi/h – 630 mi/h
• Air tries to get out of the way but it gets compressed• Airliners Fly at this speed
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Transonic Aerodynamics•Mach 0.8 < 1.0
• As air goes around blunt objects it accelerates so even if flow is Mach 0.8, in some regions on the airplane it may reach 1.0 and become supersonic
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Supersonic Aerodynamics
• Mach > 1
• Vehicle travels faster than the speed of sound
• Shocks are generated because air cannot get out of the way fast enough
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Hypersonic Aerodynamics
• Mach > 5• Remember to stay in orbit
you need to travel at 7.6 km/s (Mach 22)
• When vehicle hits air molecules it breaks them apart and causes chemical reactions
• We need more Research !
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My research on Hypersonics
•Max Temp = 26,000K!!• Temperature of the
Sun = 10,000 K
Free Stream Conditions
Velocity 7 km/s (M 20.4)
Pressure 1.4 Pa (80km)
Ndens 3E20
MFP 3.9E-3 m
Temperature 293 K
Knudsen 0.078
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Airplanes
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Parts of an Airplane
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Airplane Axes of Rotations
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Modern Cockpit
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Basic Cockpit
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Modern Cockpit
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Wing Design
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Airfoil Design, How do wings work?
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Wake and Stalls
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Coefficient of Lift and Drag