1. Dr. RAGHU PRASADA M S MBBS,MD ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY SSIMS & RC. 1

2. Germicides Antiseptics Disinfectants Sterilization Decontamination Sanitization Pasteurisation Preservation 3. DISINFECTANTS are those germicides or chemical substances which are used to destroy or inhibit the growth of pathogenic vegetative bacteria (not their spores) on inanimate (n0nliving )surfaces such such as glassware or surgical instruments Ex. Formaldehyde, phenols, ethyl alcohol, soaps ANTISEPTICS-are those germicides or chemical substances which are used to destroy the pathogenic bacteria (not the spores) on animate/ living) surfaces such as skin mucous membranes 4. STERILIZATION- is the process that kills all the living micro-organisms including spores, viruses and fungi. DECONTAMINATION- means marked reduction or destruction of viable pathogenic organisms to a level that will allow a healthy persons natural defenses to prevent any infection. SANITATION- means reduction in microbial load from an inanimate surface to a level set forth by public health department. 5. PASTEURISATION- is a process of heating milk or other liquids or semisolids for about 30min at 60-80 c, which kills the non-sporulating micro-organisms and prevents the growth of food borne pathogens for specific period of time 6. Act by precipitating bacterial protiens Aldehydes formaldehyde,glutaraldehyde Phenols cresol,lysol,chloroxylenol Alcohols ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol Heavy metals-silver nitrate,zinc calamine 7. Mercurial antiseptics-mercurochrome, nitromersol Act by oxidising the sulfhydrl(SH) group by bacterial enzymes Chlorophores-chlorinated lime, chloramine- T,sodium hypochlorite Iodophores Povidine-iodine, Tincture iodine Oxidising agents-Hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, peracetic acid 8. Cationic surface active agents -chlorhexidine, cetrimide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzalkonium chloride Miscellaneous agents Dyes-Acriflavine,Aminacrine,Gentian violet Others nitrofurazone, Boric acid 9. Spectrum-G+ve ,G-ve, bactl spores, . viruses, fungi Formaldehyde-37% aqueous soln-formalin 4-5%-preserve dead tissues -pungent odour ,sensitization Glutaraldehyde-is pungent, used as immersion disinfectant 10. -broad spectrum G+ve ,G-ve,tubercle baccilli,viruses,fungi Cresol-is a mixture of methyl alcohol -surface disinfectant Lysol-50% soapy emulsion of cresol Chloroxylenol-Non-corrosive, Dettol -4.8% Chloroxylenol, 9% terpinol,13%-Alcohol 11. Eugenol antimicrobial and analgesic Hexachlorophene-accumulates in skin, -cutaneous absorption and neural toxicity Triclosan-chlorinated biphenol antiseptic Anti-inflammatory 12. Ethanol and isopropyl alcohol Spectrum-G+ve, G-ve, tubercle baccilli, viruses,fungi -they are not sporicidal Damage-corneal tissue, mucous membrane,ulcers HEAVY METALS-Thiomersal Silver nitrate eye drops, Silver sulfadiazine-suppress bacterial growth 13. Zinc salts-mild antiseptics Zinc sulphate-eye drops Zinc oxide+calamine Acts by complexing with sulfhydryl (-SH-) groups of bacterial enzyme Inorganic and organic Mercurochromme-weak antiseptic Nitromersol also mercurial antiseptic 14. Iodines and iodophores rapidly acting broad spectrum germicide. Its 1:20000 solution kill vegetative bacteria Nearly ideal disinfectants Disadvantage of discolouring skin Soluble complexes of iodine-5%A-ulcers 10%-disinfect endoscopies 15. Chlorine effective at 0.25 ppm Used to disinfect drinking water Sodium hypochlorite solution-(Naclo) unstable ,5% -inanimate objects Dakins solution-(surgical chlorinated soda solution ) Chlorinated lime (bleaching powder)-30-35% 16. Organic chlorophore, less irrritant, stable skin antisptic ,treatment of drinking water Oxidising agents Hydrogen peroxide -broad spectrum germicide,cleaning wounds, Abscesses, removing slough. 10-20%-sporicidal H2o2 respirators aclrylic resins 17. Peracetic acid prepared from h2o2 and acetic acid- food processing industries Potassium Permanganate -it oxidises bacterial proteins and enzymes 1:5000 bactericidal , gorgling, weeping eczema It stains tissues and clothing Act by altering the properties of bacterial cell membrane Cat ionic surface active agents- Chlorhexidine-contains biguanide Chlorhexidine+cetrimiide-savlon 18. Benzalkonium chloride-1:1000-pre-operative disinfection of intact skin 1:10000 soln for irrigation of bladder Dequalinium chloride antiseptic ,gum paint Cetrimide -1-3%-roadside accident wounds Antiseptic and disinfectant for surgical instruments Anionic surface active agents-soaps,phosphate detergents Dyes-acriflavine G+ve and gonococci -non irritating,chronic ulcer dressing 19. Gentian violet-roseaniline dye , G+ve bacteria and fungi.0.5-1%-chronic ulcers Furan derivatives Nitrofurazone-G+ve, G-ve ,aerobic &anaerobic ba, inhibit carbohydate metabolism 0.2% cream burn dressing Boric acid-bacteristatic, weak antiseptic bladder irrigation and burns dressing THANK YOU