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What are Supranational Organizations, and What is the Future of the State?

Supranational Organizations

A separate entity composed of three or more states that forge an association and

form an administrative structure for mutual benefit in pursuit of shared goals.

Regional Scale The European Union

How does Supranationalis affect the State?

Ur!an "eograph#

Chapter 9

When and Wh# did $eople Start %i&ing in 'ities?

'ities

City a conglomeration of people and buildings clustered together to serve

as a center of politics, culture, and economics.

Ur!an(

The buildup of the central city and the suburban realm the city and thesurrounding environs connected to the city.

$ercent Ur!an !# Region

The First Ur!an Re&olution)gricultural *illages

Before urbanization, people often clustered in agricultural villages

a relatively small, egalitarian village, where most of the population was

involved in agriculture. About !,!!! years ago, people began living in agricultural

villages

The First Ur!an Re&olution

Two components enable theformation of cities"

. an agricultural surplus

#. social stratification

$a leadership class%

Fi&e Hearths of Ur!anization

&n each of these hearths, an agricultural surplus and social stratification created the

conditions necessary for cities to form and be maintained.

Fi&e Hearths of Ur!anization

'esopotamia, ()!! BC*

+ile iver -alley, (#!! BC*

&ndus iver -alley, ##!! BC*

uang e and /ei iver -alleys, )!! BC*

'esoamerica, #!! BC*

+ndus Ri&er *alle#

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Huang He and Wei Ri&er *alle#s

The Chinese purposefully planned their cities.

0 centered on a

vertical structure

0 inner wall built

around center0 temples and

palaces for the

leadership class

esoaerica

'ayan and Aztec Civilizations

'any ancient cities were theocratic centers where rulers were deemed to have

divine authority and were god01ings.

-iffusion of Ur!anization

The 2ree1 Cities

by )!! BC*, 2ree1s were highly urbanized. +etwor1 of more than )!! cities and towns

3n the mainland and on islands

*ach city had an acropolis and an agora

)thens, "reece

-iffusion of Ur!anization

The oman Cities

a system of cities and small towns, lin1ed together with hundreds of miles of

roads and sea routes.

4ites of oman cities were typically for trade A oman city5s 6orum combined the acropolis and agora into one space.

oman cities had e7treme wealth and e7treme poverty $between 8( and #8(s

of empire5s population was enslaved%

)frica

rbanization first occurred about (!!! years ago in Africa

4ome pre0colonial cities still e7ist today

&badan $+igeria%

:ano $+igeria%

:umasi $2hana% 'ombasa $:enya%

Timbu1tu $'ali%

The Second Ur!an Re&olution

A large scale movement of people to cities to wor1 in manufacturing. 'ade possible

by"

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. second agricultural revolution that improved food production and

created a larger surplus

#. industrialization, which encouraged growth of cities near industrial

resources

Where are 'ities %ocated and Wh#?

Site and Situation

4ite

; absolute location of a city

; a city5s static location, often chosen for trade, defense, or religion.

4ituation

; relative location of a city

; a city5s place in the region and the world around it.

Trade area

Trade area an ad