CLASS RESERVATION MOBILE

APPLICATION

NURNAJMI FARHA BINTI

WAHAB

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND

COMPUTING UNIVERSITI SULTAN

ZAINAL ABIDIN

CLASS RESERVATION MOBILE

APPLICATION

NURNAJMI FARHA BINTI

WAHAB

BACHELOR OF INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY (INFORMATICS

MEDIA)

FACULTY OF INFORMATICS AND

COMPUTING UNIVERSITI SULTAN

ZAINAL ABIDIN

DECEMBER 2018

i

DECLARATION

I hereby declared that this project report is based on my own efforts with helps getting

information from the sources that I have in confession. I also declare my works was

never produced by any degree in UniSZA.

Signature :

Name : Nurnajmi Farha binti Wahab

Date :

ii

CONFIRMATION

I have read the report of the project and the view of my project report eligible to be

awarded a Bachelor of Informatics Technology.

Signature :

Supervisor’s Name : Dato’ PM Dr. MOhd Hafiz Yusof

Date :

iii

ACKNOWLEDMENT

In the Name of Allah, The most Gracious, The most Merciful, the

class reservation mobile application for Final Year Project is able to develop. I take

this opportunity to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my supervisor,

Dato’ PM Dr. Mohd Hafiz Yusof for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant

encouragement throughout the course of this final year project.

I also take this opportunity to express a deep sense of gratitude to

lecturers of Faculty Informatics and Computing for cordial support, valuable

information and guidance, which helped me in completing this task through various

stages. Lastly, thanks to all my friends that helped and encouraged me during this

project development.

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ABSTRACT

The Class Reservation Mobile Application is a mobile application

and is all about to reserve a class. Currently, University Sultan Zainal Abidin does not

have any of class reservation system. The students and staffs needs to fill the form

manually for class reservation. This manual process is not efficient and time

consuming. The project proposed will computerize the existing manual system using

four processes such as searching, matching, reservation and approval. PHP and

MySQL approach was applied in implementation phase. This technique was choose

because of an easy implementation and suitable for mobile application system. In this

project, the contribution is mobile application to replace current manually system. In

result, the reservation process become fast and efficient to existing approach.

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ABSTRAK

Aplikasi Mudah Alih Kelas Tempahan adalah aplikasi mudah alih

khas untuk membuat tempahan kelas. Pada masa ini, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

tidak mempunyai sistem tempahan kelas. Para pelajar dan kakitangan perlu mengisi

borang secara manual untuk membuat tempahan kelas. Proses manual ini tidak cekap

dan memakan masa. Projek yang dicadangkan ini akan menggunakan sistem komputer

yang merangkumi empat proses seperti carian, padanan, tempahan dan kelulusan.

Dalam proses pembangunan system pula, PHP dan MySQL digunakan kerana sesuai

untuk sistem aplikasi mudah alih. Dalam projek ini, sumbangan untuk sistem aplikasi

mudah alih ini ialah untuk menggantikan sistem secara manual. Hasilnya, proses

tempahan menjadi cepat dan efisien berbanding sistem sedia ada.

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CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

FRONT PAGE

DECLARATION i

CONFIRMATION ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

ABSTRACT iv

ABSTRAK v

TABLE OF CONTENT vi

LIST OF FIGURES ix

LIST OF APPENDIX x

ABBREVIATION xi

1 PROJECT INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem statement 2

1.3 Objectives 3

1.4 Scope 3

1.5 Gantt chart 4

vii

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 Introduction 5

2.2 Operational Definition 6

2.2.1 Computer Reservation System (CRS) 6

2.2.2 Mobile application 7

2.2.3 Animation in mobile apps 8

2.3 Research/Analysis/Model 9

2.4 Research Comparison 10-11

2.5 Conclusion 12

3 METHODOLOGY 13

3.1 Introduction 14

3.2 Project Methodology 15

3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase 15

3.2.2 Planning Phase 15

3.2.3 Requirement Phase 16

3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase 16

3.2.4.1 System Design 16

3.2.4.2 Interface Design 16

3.2.5 Implementation Phase 16

3.2.6 Testing Phase 17

3.2.7 Evaluation Phase 17

3.2.8 Deployment Phase 17

3.3 System Requirement

3.3.1 Software Requirement

3.3.2 Hardware Requirement

18

18

19

3.4 System Design and Modelling

3.4.1 Context Diagram (CD)

3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0

3.4.3 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1

3.4.3.1 Make Reservation

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20

21

23

23

viii

3.4.3.2 Update Reservation

3.4.3.3 Reservation Report

3.4.3.4 Manage Class

3.4.3.5 Reservation Report

24

25

26

27

3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 28

3.6 Conclusion 29

ix

LIST OF FIGURES

NO FIGURE TITLE PAGE

3.1 Iterative and Incremental Model 14

3.2 Context Diagram 20

3.3 DFD Level 0 21

3.4 DFD Level 1 for Process 2.0 23

3.5 DFD Level 1 for Process 3.0 24

3.6 DFD Level 1 for Process 4.0 25

3.7 DFD Level 1 for Process 5.0 26

3.8 DFD Level 1 for Process 6.0 27

3.9 Entity Relationship Diagram

(ERD)

28

x

LIST OF APPENDIX

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

A Gantt Chart 4

xi

ABBREVIATION

CD Context Diagram

DFD Data Flow Diagram

ERD Entity Relationship Diagram

SDLC Software development Life Cycle

1

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Class reservation is the process where the students or lecturers need to do

before make the class replacement or used the class that is not in their time table.

Currently, most students are having difficulties to reserve a class because they

need to do it manually and it is time-consuming for the students to make the

reservation. It is also hard for the staff to book any classes for faculty events as

they need to check for the availability of the classes needed manually so that it

would not redundant with any of the student ’s schedule.

Therefore, the mobile application for classroom reservation is developed to

ease the students and staffs to reserve a class by lessening the time taken to make a

reservation. In addition, a customer can check the availability of the bus ticket

before they reserve the ticket. The main purpose of this system is to avoid

redundancy of occupying the same class for more than just one programme at one

time.

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1.2 Problem statement

In University Sultan Zainal Abidin (UniSZA), there is no online system for the

class reservation system. The current system only used the paper form provided by

faculty. Thus, students or staff that wants to make the class reservation need to take

the paper form at their faculty and fill the required information.

Besides, the students or staffs are needed to find the class on their own. They

need to choose the class that is available at a certain time. This will make the process

reservation more complicated and time-consuming as it is hard to find the available

class that fulfils the needs. For example, the student may want to reserve a class that

can afford 40-50 students and has the LCD projector. However, not all class in

UniSZA have the features as needed by that student and not all class available at a

certain time. Thus, there is a need to develop a new system that can automatically

assign the suitable class.

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1.3 Objective

The objectives of developing a mobile application for classroom reservation are as

follow:

i. To design the Classroom reservation mobile application that is user-friendly and

easy to navigate.

ii. To develop Classroom reservation mobile application that can ease user to

manage bookings and to reserve class more easily.

iii. To test the functionalities of the system so that it meets the user’s requirements.

1.4 Scope

Several scopes have been outlined in order to achieve the objective of the

project. The main scope of this project is to develop a mobile application for

classroom reservation and reservation management system.

The other scopes of this project are the main user of this project is BPA, staff,

and student of Besut campus of UniSZA .Academic Division Administrator (BPA) are

able to register new information regarding the facilities at the faculty. Besides, they

also able to manage class timetable by updating any changes to the class’ timetables.

Next, they able to generate a report such as booking report to oversee the booking

made by the student or staff.

The second user which is staff and student able to make the class reservation in

the mobile application. They also are able to manage their booking by cancelling or

making any changes regarding their booking.

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1.5 Gantt chart

NO ACTIVITIES WEEK

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1

0

1

1

1

2

1

3

1

4

1

5

1 Topic Discussion

and Determination

with supervisor

2 Submit project title

and brief description

of the proposed project

3 Proposal Writing Chapter 1-

Introduction

4 Proposal Writing Chapter 2-

Literature Review

5 Proposal Progress

Presentation & Evaluation

6 Discussion ,

Correction Proposal

& Proposed Solution

Methodology

7 Proposed Solution Methodology

a) Problem Identification

b) Design

8 Proposed Solution –

Methodology (Continued)

a) Method – Formula,

b) Algorithm, or Technique

9 Proof of Concept

a) Develop a proof

of concept

to demonstrate

the feasibility

of your proposed project.

10 Submission draft Report

of the Proposal to the

supervisor to check

and suggest correction

11 Edit report

12 Submission draft

report to supervisor

13 Presentation of the

project proposal

to the panels

14 Correction Report

15 Final Report Submission

5

CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

This chapter will provide the literature review for the system that will be

developed. Firstly, we need to understand what literature review is. A literature review

is a process of reading, analysing, evaluating, and summarizing scholarly materials

about a specific topic. It is a guideline to develop a new system to provide a better and

more functional system than the existing one. The discussion about the new system is

done based on the literature review guidelines.

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2.2 Operational Definition

An operational definition is the articulation of operationalization (or statement

of procedures) used in defining the terms of a process (or set of validation tests)

needed to determine the nature of an item or phenomenon (avariable, term, or object)

and its properties such as duration, quantity, extension in space, chemical

composition, etc.

2.2.1 Computer Reservation System (CRS)

A computer reservation system or central reservation system (CRS) is a

computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions

related to air travel, hotels, car rental, or other activities. Originally designed and

operated by airlines, CRSs were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Global

distribution systems (GDS) book and sell tickets for multiple airlines. Most airlines

have outsourced their CRSs to GDS companies, which also enable consumer access

through Internet gateways. Modern GDS’s typically allow users to book hotel rooms,

rental cars, airline tickets as well as other activities and tours. They also provide

access to railway reservation an bus reservation in some markets, although these are

not always integrated with the main system. These are also used to relay computerized

information for users in the hotel industry, making reservation and ensuring that the

hotel is not overbooked.

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2.2.2 Mobile application

A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is type of

application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or

tablet computer. Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar

services to those accessed on PCs. Apps were originally intended for productivity

assistance such as Email, calendar, and contact databases, but the public demand for

apps caused rapid expansion into other areas such as mobile games, factory

automation, GPS and location-based services, order-tracking, and ticket purchases, so

that there are now millions of apps available. Apps are generally downloaded from

application distribution platforms which are operated by the owner of the mobile

operating system, such as the App Store (iOS) or Google Play Store.

A mobile application also may be known as an app, web app, online app,

iPhone app or smartphone app. Mobile applications are a move away from the

integrated software system generally found on PCs. Instead, each app provides limited

and isolated functionality such as a game, calculator or mobile web browsing.

Although applications may have avoided multitasking because of the limited hardware

resources of the early mobile devices, their specificity is now part of their desirability

because they allow consumers to hand-pick what their devices are able to do.

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2.2.3 Animation in Mobile Apps

In UX design, app animations present the area for endless creative search as

well as one of the objects for hot debates. As everything integrated into an interface,

app animations must be a functional element rather than decor. Motion elements

should be considered from the very start of planning a user journey. Advantages and

utility of motion in the interaction process have to be obvious and outweigh possible

pitfalls. There are benefits and pitfalls of UI animation that Applying animation

in mobile app, designers should analyze both positive and negative impact they may

have on app interactions. Among the advantages of motion for mobile apps, we could

mention it saved screen space. It also can increased usability, convenient and easy

interaction. Ability to fulfil several functions simultaneously and providing clear

feedback to the user. On the other hand, among the disadvantage designers have to

consider the loading time, distraction factor and time and effort-consuming technical

realization when using animation in mobile application.

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2.3 Research/Analysis/Model

The current class reservation system in UniSZA used the paper form that is

needed to be filling by the applicant (students and staffs). The complete form then will

need the approval by staff from Academic Division Administrator. This traditional

method cause a lot of problem to the users as discussed in chapter 1.

The proposed system is Classroom Reservation Mobile Application. This

mobile application allows user to make classroom reservation ease and faster.

Research had been done to compare the current reservation system technique used and

the end result of each technique. It is to help us choose the suitable technique through

comparison based on our problem statement.

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2.4 Research Comparison

Title / Author Description Advantage Disadvantage

“We Tried Every

Travel App Out

There So You Don’t

Have To”

(Booking.com )

Meisha Bochicchio

August 25,2017

Booking.com is a

travel fare aggregator

website and travel

metasearch engine

for lodging

reservations.

-Easy to use and

navigate

-lots of cool features

-Many screens were

loaded with

information

-Booking process

was a bit bulky

“Which Discount

Dining App In

M'sia Is Better?

Eatigo VS Tableapp

VS Offpeak” (Table

App)

Su Mei Lee

May 03,2017

Reserve the best

restaurants in

Malaysia instantly

anytime, anywhere,

with instant

confirmation and no

additional cost.

-Users are able to see

who you’re speaking

to with a picture

preview.

-Table app’s

homepage has

limited features

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“3 bus booking sites

and apps in

Malaysia you

should know” (Easy

Book )

Alanna Rebecca

September 25,2016

Book Bus, Train,

Ferry, Car Rental and

Tour

-easy to use -Has a very slight lag

when it comes to the

booking

-Options for pick-up,

drop-off and bus

operators are a

plenty.

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2.5 Conclusion

In this chapter, a few literature reviews had been done through past researches

and existing system to gain knowledge for better understanding the flow of a

reservation system. The literature review acts as guidance to help us to understand the

various techniques that had been used in existing system.

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CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

In this chapter, we will discuss about the methodology that will be used in

developing the system. The methodology is an important element because it acts as a

guide throughout the system development in order to produce a complete and

functioning system. There are several methodology models that can be used such as

Waterfall Model, Spiral Model and V Model. The system development life cycle

(SDLC) that will be used for this project is Iterative and Incremental Model. The

advantages if Iterative and Incremental Model are some working functionality can be

developed quickly, parallel development can be planned, progress can be measured

and less costly to change scope or requirements.

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3.2 Project Methodology

For the development of Mobile Application of Class Reservation System, the

proposed approach is Iterative and Incremental Model. By using this approach, it

allows me to develop the system phase by phase and it is also possible to return to the

previous phase even though the deliverables had been done. The main advantage of

this model is that in case there is any changes request or enhancements come in

between any phase, changes can be implemented at a very little cost because of the

frequency of new increments that are produced. This method consists of several

phases approach which are initial planning, planning, requirements, analysis and

design, implementation, testing, evaluation, and deployment phase. For each iteration,

any additional features can be designed, developed, implemented and tested until the

system is fully functional and ready to be deployed.

Figure 3.1: Iterative and Incremental Model

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3.2.1 Initial Planning Phase

In this phase, all the activities are plan according to a given period to complete

the system. This phase begins with the brainstorming with the supervisor to come up

with the idea and the title for the project. From the brainstorming session with the

supervisor, the project where were listed and lastly title have been decided which is

Mobile Application for Class Reservation System.

3.2.2 Planning Phase

After deciding the title of the project and the approach to be used, the

discussions continue on defining the problem statements, decide objectives and define

a scope for the system. In order to get a better understanding, existing systems are

reviewed, observed and the constraint and limitation are gathered. Discussion with the

Academic Division Administrator (BPA) was done to know what are the main issues

that they are facing with the manual system.

3.2.3 Requirement Phase

During this phase, existing systems are analyzed and all the requirement that

is needed to develop the new system are identified. In this phase, the information

regarding Class Reservation Mobile Application either in the form of journal, articles

or research papers is gathered and studied. All the requirements and constraints had

been identified. The information obtained about the booking system is crucial in

producing the end product and achieve the system objectives.

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3.2.4 Analysis and Design Phase

3.2.4.1 System Design

After getting the information required , the next step is design the

Context Diagram (CD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD) level 0 and 1, Entity

Relationship Diagram (ERD), database are done for a better understanding

about the flow of the system.

3.2.4.2 Interface Design

Designing the System Interface includes two parts. One is to design the

User Interfaces and the other is to design the interfaces that interact with other

systems, which are integral to the functioning of the system that is being

designed.

3.2.5 Implementation Phase

At this phase, the step is to write the coding for every function that involve in

this system. The code writing will be do based on modules, sub-modules and followed

by user requirements involve in this system. This system is developed using PHP

programming.

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3.2.6 Testing

In this phase upon completion of full implementation, the system is tested and

bugs is corrected to determine whether the system meets the specified requirements

and find any errors occur in the coding before the system can be used by the users.

Any errors must be fixed and the system testing must be carried out again. Testing is

essential to identify all the process functions correctly.

3.2.7 Evaluation Phase

During this phase, the effectiveness of program operations, implementation,

and service delivery were analyzed. The system is evaluated before deploying it to the

end user. The system is evaluated based on the functionalities of the system and

whether the system fulfills the user’s requirements. The system must fulfill all the

requirements before it is able to be deployed.

3.2.8 Deployment Phase

Once the evaluation is done, the system is released to the end users.

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3.3 System Requirement

System requirement is the implementation that the system needed to make sure

the hardware or software can be run smoothly. Software and hardware tools are very

important and essential. If the system fails in fulling the requirement, the failure of

performance and installation may occur.

3.3.1 Software Requirement

SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION

XAMPP Server Local server to run and test system and

database connection.

Notepad++ A medium to write PHP coding to build

the system

Adobe Acrobat Reader Tool that is used to view documents,

journals, and research papers.

Microsoft Office 2010 Used for documentation and presentation

slides of the project.

Ionic A medium to build the mobile

application.

Google Chrome / Microsoft Edge A medium to gather information, to run

and view the system.

Table 3.1: Software Requirement

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3.3.2 Hardware Requirement

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION

Laptop ACER CPU:

Memory: 4GB RAM

OS: Windows 10

Used to develop the system.

Printer HP Deskjet 2520 Series Used to print all the documentation for the

project.

External Hard Disk To store all the data and acts as backup

for the project.

Table 3.2: Hardware Requirement

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3.4 System Design and Modelling

The system design for Class Reservation Mobile Application such as context

diagram (CD), data flow diagram (DFD) and entity relationship diagram (ERD) are

explained in detailed. Data modelling is required to facilitate the interaction between

system designer, programmer and end-user. Making an early modelling can help to

identify the needs, problem and possible solutions during the project.

3.4.1 Context Diagram (CD)

Figure 3.2: Context Diagram

Figure above shows the context diagram for Class Reservation Mobile

Application. The Class Reservation Mobile Application process is at the centre of the

diagram. The two entities (ADMIN and USER) are placed between the central

process. There are seven data flows that are involved in the interaction between the

central process and the entities. The ADMIN entity has two outgoing data flow which

are LOGIN and MANAGE CLASS but has one incoming data flows which are

RESERVATION REPORTS. Finally, USER entity has three outgoing data flow

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which are LOGIN, MAKE RESERVATION and UPDATE RESERVATION but has

one incoming data flows which are RESERVATION REPORT.

3.4.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) Level 0

Figure 3.3: DFD Level 0

The DFD has two entities which are ADMIN and USER. There are six

processes involved in the system which are LOGIN, MAKE RESERVATION,

UPDATE RESERVATION REPORT, MANAGE CLASS and RESERVATION

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REPORT. There are five data stores created in the system which are ADMIN, USER,

CLASS, and RESERVATION. The flow of the system is like below:

1. ADMIN enters login info to the LOGIN process which outputs admin info into

ADMIN data store.

2. ADMIN enters class info to MANAGE CLASS process which outputs class info

into CLASS data store and time info into TIME TABLE data store.

3. ADMIN enters admin info to RESERVATION REPORT process which outputs

user info are retrieved from USER data store, class info from CLASS data store and

reservation info from RESERVATION data store respectively to RESERVATION

REPORT process as well. Then, RESERVATION REPORT process gave report

details to ADMIN.

4. USER enters login info to the LOGIN process which outputs user info into USER

data store.

5. USER enters reservation info to MAKE RESERVATION process which outputs

class info are retrieved from CLASS data store and time info from TIME TABLE

data store respectively to MAKE RESERVATION process and outputs reservation

info into RESERVATION data store.

6. USER enters reservation info to UPDATE RESERVATION process which

outputs reservation info into RESERVATION data store.

7. USER enters user info to RESERVATION REPORT process which outputs

reservation info are retrieved from RESERVATION data store. Then,

RESERVATION REPORT process gives report details to the USER.

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3.4.3 Data flow Diagram (DFD) Level 1

3.4.3.1 Make Reservation

Figure 3.4: DFD Level 1 for Process 2.0

Description:

1. USER inserts reservation info to MAKE RESERVATION process. The

process sends reservation info into ASSIGN CLASS PROCESS.

2. Class info is retrieved from CLASS data store, time info is retrieved from

TIME TABLE data store to ASSIGN CLASS process and the process sends

reservation info into RESERVATION data store.

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3.4.3.2 Update Reservation

Figure 3.5: DFD Level 1 for process 3.0

Description:

1. USER inserts reservation info to VIEW RESERVATION LIST process. The

process sends reservation info into RESERVATION data store.

2. USER inserts reservation info to CANCEL RESERVATIONS process. The

process sends reservation info into RESERVATION data store.

3. USER inserts reservation info to UPDATE RESERVATION process.

Reservation info is retrieved from RESERVATION data store to UPDATE

RESERVATION process and the process sends updated reservation info into

RESERVATION data store.

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3.4.3.3 Reservation Report

Figure 3.6: DFD Level 1 for process 4.0

Description:

1. USER inserts user info to VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process.

2. Reservation info is retrieved from RESERVATION data store to VIEW

RESERVATION REPORT process.

3. The process sends report details to the USER.

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3.4.3.4 Manage class

Figure 3.7: DFD Level 1 for process 5.0

Description:

1. ADMIN inserts class info to INSERT CLASS DETAILS process. The

process sends class info into CLASS data store.

2. ADMIN inserts class info to UPDATE CLASS process. Class info is

retrieved from CLASS data store to UPDATE CLASS process and the

process sends updated class info into CLASS data store.

3. ADMIN inserts class info to DELETE CLASS process. The process

sends class info into CLASS data store.

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3.4.3.5 Reservation report

Figure 3.8: DFD Level 1 for process 6.0

Description:

1. ADMIN inserts admin info to VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process.

2. User info is retrieved from USER data store, class info is retrieved from

CLASS data store and time info is retrieved from TIME TABLE data store

to VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process.

3. VIEW RESERVATION REPORT process sends report details to ADMIN.

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3.5 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

Figure 3.9: ERD for Class Reservation Mobile Application

Figure 3.9 shows the entity relationship diagram of the system. This diagram

shows the database and their entity that involve in the process for the system. All the

updated data in the data store is self-updated by user.

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3.6 Conclusion

In this chapter, we discussed about the methodology used which is Iterative

and Incremental model. The main advantage of this model is that in case there is any

changes request or enhancements come in between any phase, changes can be

implemented at a very little cost. It also helps me to develop the system by identifying

the hardware and software requirements, context diagram and data flow diagram.

Every phase in the system development follows the project methodology.