• CLASSICAL FORMS

• Old forms and new forms will be discussed in detail later

• Usually though instrumentals will have four movements

• (1. FAST 2. Slow 3. Dance-related 4. FAST)

• Classical movements will contrast more vividly than Baroque

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Sonata Form• Form of a single movement in larger work • Not the type of piece• 3 main sections plus a CODA

• EXPOSTION• DEVELOPMENT• RECAPITULATION

• CODA

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Sonata Form

• EXPOSTION • 1st theme

• bridge or transition • 2nd theme in new key

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Sonata Form

• DEVELOPMENT • new treatments of themes• modulates to many keys

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Sonata Form

• RECAPITULATION • 1st theme in tonic key • bridge or transition • 2nd theme in tonic key

• CODA • strong ending of the piece

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Sonata Form

• 3 main sections plus a CODA• EXPOSTION

• DEVELOPMENT• RECAPITULATION

• CODA

• LISTENING JOURNAL • MOZART Symphony No. 40 • 1st Movement in Sonata Form

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Theme & Variations

• Can be independent piece • Can be 1 movement of larger piece• 1 theme repeated over & over

• Varied every time • ( A, A’, A’’, A’’’, ect…)

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Theme & Variations

• Can be original theme or borrowed• Each section will have melodic theme

variation• Can also vary in mood , color, rhythm, ect…

• LISTENING JOURNAL • Haydn Symphony No. 94 • SURPRISE SYMPHONY

• 2nd movement

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Minuet and Trio• Often used as a 3rd movement in symphony or

larger piece• Originated as a dance piece (minuet) • Dignified & Stately• In Classical, not for dancing but listening

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Minuet and Trio (form)

• MINUET• a (repeated) ba’ (repeated)

• • TRIO (quieter played originally as three instruments

only) • c(repeated) dc’(repeated)

• • MINUET

• aba’ (no repeat)

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Minuet and Trio

• LISTENING JOURNAL • MOZART • Serenade

• Elne Klieine Nachtmusik• Translation=night music

• (3rd movement)

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Chamber Music

• Designed for intimate setting in a room of home or palace not for a public concert hall

• Performed by 2 to 9 musicians• Lighter in sound meant for playing with

friends of after dinner social music• No conductor needed meant to be fun for

the performer and the listener

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Chamber Music• String Quartet most important • (2 violins, viola, Cello)• Three master all wrote many of these• Usually consists of four movements • ( 1 fast 2 slow 3 minuet or scherzo 4 fast )

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Chamber Music

• LISTENING JOURNAL • BEETHOVEN

• STRING QUARTET in C Minor• Op. 18 No. 4

• 4th movement, Allegro • Rondo form

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Symphony• Greatest contribution to orchestral music of

classical period• Haydn 104 / Mozart over 40 / Beethoven 9• Numbers change as to the evolution of the

composer to freelance writing from court order pieces

• Haydn composed for employers were Beethoven composed only when inspiration struck

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Symphony• Symphony is extended ambitious piece • Can 20 to 45 minutes long• Typically contains Four movements

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Symphony• typical flow

• 1. Dramatic fast movement • (Sonata form)

• 2. Lyrical slow movement • (Sonata form or Theme & Variations)

• 3. Dance movement • (Minuet and Trio or Scherzos) • 4. Heroic fast movement• (Sonata or Sonata Rondo)

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Symphony• Each Movement is self contained piece of music• But relates to the others in some way• The Symphony’s influence still rules today • Such as…

• symphonic music • symphony hall

• symphony orchestra

• CLASSICAL FORMS

• LISTENING JOURNAL • BEETHOVEN 5th Symphony

• (1st movement – Sonata form)

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Concerto

• Three movement work for an instrumental soloist and orchestra

• Combines soloist virtuosity and orchestra’s range

• Balance takes rule as soloist and orchestra are equally important

• Can last 20 to 45 minutes

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Concerto• Has only three movements • NO dance like Minuet or Scherzo• 1st movement (fast) • Sometimes has a special unaccompanied showy

section for soloist called CADENZA• At end of cadenza soloist plays long trill followed

by a chord that meshes with the reentrance of the orchestra

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Concerto

• Cadenza’s were often improvised by composer

• Who was usually the soloist but ….• Later they were written out sometimes by

other composers…• i.e. Beethoven wrote cadenzas for Mozart

concertos

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Concerto

• 1st movement • (Sonata Form (fast) cadenza before coda)

• 2nd movement • (slow – can take any form)

• 3rd movement • (fast is usually rondo or sonta-rondo)

• CLASSICAL FORMS• Classical Concerto

• LISTENING JOURNAL • MOZART

• Piano Concerto NO 23• Movement #1