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Classical Greece

Outcome: The Athenian Golden Age

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The Athenian Golden Age

1. Setting the Stagea. The Greek Civilization was a collection of city-states

b. Athens and Sparta were two of the most powerful cities for different reasons

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Athens Today

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Ancient Athens

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Ancient Athens

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The Athenian Golden Age

2. Athensa. From 477 to 431 B.C., Athens experienced a growth in

intellectual and artistic learning. This was known as the Golden Age of Athens.

b. Pericles: held power in Athens for 32 years

i. Goals:

1. Strengthen Athenian Democracy

2. To hold and strengthen the empire

3. Glorify Athens-

a. Architecture: The Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis

b. Direct Democracy was introduced under Pericles

c. Head of Delian League, an alliance system created after the defeat of the Persians

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Athenian Acropolis

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The Parthenon

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Sparta

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The Athenian Golden Age

3. Sparta

a. Sparta was a military city-state

b. Sparta had a better army than Athens; Athens had the better navy

c. Weren’t Builders

d. Due to its inland location, Sparta could not be attacked by sea

e. Many men in Sparta were soldiers for life

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The Athenian Golden Age

4. Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta

a. As Athens grew, city-states viewed it with hostility

b. Sparta declared war in 431 B.C.

c. Sparta marched to Athens and burned food supply

d. Plague hits Athens in 2nd year of the war- 1/3rd die

including Pericles

e. 421 B.C. a truce is signed but doesn’t last long

f. In 413 B.C Athens’ navy is decimated at Syracuse

(Spartan ally)

g. Athens survives for 9 more years but surrenders to

Sparta in 404 B.C.

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Peloponnesian War

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The Athenian Golden Age

5. Philosophers

a. After the Peloponnesian War, many Athenians lost

confidence in democracy

b. Great thinkers known as philosophers began to seek

truth

c. Philosophers (lovers of wisdom) had two assumptions

i. The universe is put together in an orderly way, and

subject to absolute and unchanging laws

ii. People can understand these laws through logic and

reason

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The Athenian Golden Age

d. Important philosophersi. Socrates

1. “The unexamined life is not worth living”

2. In 399 B.C. brought to trial for “corrupting the youthof Athens”

3. Jury condemned him to die: drank hemlock (poison)

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The Athenian Golden Age

ii. Plato

1. Student of Socrates

2. Wrote “The Republic” –perfectly governed society

3. Pupil- Aristotle

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The Athenian Golden Age

iii. Aristotle

1. Questioned the nature of the world

2. Invented method of arguing according to rules of

logic

3. His work provides basis of the scientific method today

4. Pupil- Alexander the Great

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The Athenian Golden Age