3Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)

CLASSICAL MUSIC: TEACHER’S GUIDE

1. INTRODUCTION

2. CLASSICAL MUSIC

ACTIVITY 2

Simple – complexPlain – coloredBalanced – imbalancedSudden – progressiveContrast – equalityRegular – irregularClarity – difficulty

ACTIVITY 3

Answer: change

ACTIVITY 4

1. Classical 2. Baroque 3. Baroque 4. Classical 5. Baroque 6. Baroque 7. Classical 8. Baroque 9. Baroque 10. Classical 11. Baroque 12. Baroque 13. Classical 14. Baroque 15. Classical

4 Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)

2.1. VOCAL MUSIC

ACTIVITY 1

- Courts: The place where kings live- Baroque: 1600-1750- Dramatic: Tragic, sad- Wealth: Possessions- Classical: 1750-1820- compositional styles: The personal way that composers create their works- artificial: Not natural- comic: Funny- acts: Parts in which operas are divided, usually three- libretto: The text of an opera- technical requirements: Specific needs of a field- spread: Extend- resembled: Remind- operatic: Something related to opera Baroque: 1600-1750

ACTIVITY 2

Text to read aloud:

At the end of the Baroque era, operas were spectacular, dramatic shows performed in courts to demonstrate royal and aristocratic power and wealth. In the Classical period composers decided to change their compositional styles to make serious opera less artificial. The composer who started this reform was Gluck.

Meanwhile, the lower social classes had their own musical theatre, with comic scenes between acts. These scenes, called intermezzi, developed into a new form of opera: the comic opera, also named opera buffa. It involved a comic libretto, and less technical requirements for singers. This new style spread over Europe very soon, adopting different names and forms in different countries. Mozart and Rossini composed buffa.

Religious music resembled operatic music. In fact, most of the composers who wrote church music were also opera composers.

5Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)

2.2. INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC

ACTIVITY 1

RONDO FORM

In a rondo, there are different sections, but the number is not fixed. There is one section (named A) which is the chorus. This section appears after every new section with no changes. The other sections (named B, C, D, etc.) are different between each other.FORM: ABACADA….

THEME AND VARIATIONS

This form does not have a definite number of sections. There is a main theme named A. The other sections are variations of A, which means they are based on A, but changing different things in every section.FORM: A, A1, A2, A3…

TERNARY FORMThis is a three part structure with the opening part (A) repeated at the end, and a different middle section (B).FORM: ABA

SONATA FORM

EXPOSITIONFORM: A   B

In this first section of the sonata, the main themes are presented. The first theme (named A) is usually lively and rhythmic. It is followed by a linking section called “the bridge”. After the bridge, theme B appears; it is normally more melodic than the first one, and written in another key. Normally, the whole exposition is repeated so that it becomes familiar for the listener.

DEVELOPMENTFORM: A+B

In this central section, the composer “develops” both themes from the exposition. This means that melodic or rhythmic motifs of those themes appear now combined with new ones.

RECAPITULATIONFORM: A   B

In the final section, both themes from the exposition appear again, now written in the same key. At the very end, sometimes an extra section called coda appears to conclude the movement.

6 Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)

ACTIVITY 2

Suggested pieces of music:

Piece 1: RondoSonata No. 8 op. 13 “Pathetique”, 3rd movement. Beethoven. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRkr7WgQ_Y4

Piece 2: Theme and VariationsSonata KV 331 in A Major, 1st movement. Mozart. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=czu0dWi3oZM&p=F3122F397638FFF2&playnext=1&index=17

Piece 3: Ternary formSymphony 39 in E flat Major, 3rd movement Minuet-Trio. Mozarthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2hW3dqtM4x0&p=861A13F210BD1267&playnext=1&index=35

Piece 4: Sonata formSymphony No. 5 in C minor, Op. 67. Beethovenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivvn04Zdxt4

ACTIVITY 4

Suggested pieces of music:

Piece 1: ConcertoConcerto in A Major K 622 for clarinet and orchestra, 1st movement. Mozarthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOxX0xGTOyE

Piece 2: SymphonySymphony No. 6 Pastorale, 1st movement. Beethoven.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iELv7xDocGU

Piece 3: SonataSonata for violin and piano Op. 30 No. 1. Beethovenhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-WM2Rc-IdM4

7Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)

ACTIVITY 5

TEXT:

The orchestra started to change during the 18th century. In the strings section, the violins often played the main melodies. In the woodwind section the flutes continued to be important. In the brass section, two trumpets helped the French horns. In the percussion section, the timpani gave resonance to the bass sounds. In the strings section, the cellos were supported by the smaller violas, and double basses were also included in many symphonies, performing the same line as the cellos at an octave lower. In the woodwind section, the oboes and the clarinets accompanied the flutes.

2.3. CLASSICAL COMPOSERS

ACTIVITY 2

MOZART

Mozart wrote 21 piano concertos and five violin concertos

His father, Leopold, was a violinist and a court composer

His full name was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Mozart wrote 41 symphonies In the beginning, Mozart was very famous and his works were very celebratedMozart died in 1791 in ViennaMozart was born in Salzburg in 1756

His last piece was a Requiem Mass, and he died before he finished it

Mozart started to learn keyboard and composition at the age of four

Mozart composed his first opera at the age of 11Mozart travelled around Europe with his sister Nannerl giving concertsin different courtsOne of Mozart’s pupils finished the Requiem MassFrom childhood, it was clear that Mozart was a prodigy Mozart was buried in a communal graveMozart’s life turned out to be full of debt, unpopularity and sickness

Mozart composed many operas, some of the most famous are “Don Giovanni” and “The Marriage of Figaro”

His last opera was “The Magic Flute”

Mozart died at the age of 35 because of an unknown illness

8 Material AICLE. 2º de ESO: Classical Music (Solucionario)

BEETHOVEN

Beethoven composed nine symphonies

Beethoven’s music was the bridge between the Classical and the Romantic eras

Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770

Beethoven’s first name was Ludwig

His father wanted Beethoven to become the “new Mozart”, so he used to say that Beethoven was younger than he really was

The fourth movement of his ninth symphony – The Choral- is well known all around the world

He composed 32 piano sonatas, one of the most famous is Moonlight Sonata

Beethoven’s father was also a musician, and he used to drink a lot

Beethoven composed only one opera called Fidelio

Beethoven never married, nor had children

Beethoven died in Vienna in 1827 after a painful illness

Beethoven became deaf at the end of his life, but he continued composing

He had a difficult childhood

Beethoven was one of the first composers who were appreciated by the public within his own lifetime

His career is usually divided in three periods

The third period of his career is the most original and expressive

His last opera was “The Magic Flute”

1. REVIEW ACTIVITY

ACTIVITY 1

1) SONATA2) SALZBURG3) CLARINET4) BUFA