classical south asia
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Classical South AsiaTRANSCRIPT
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ClassicalSouth Asia
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Indus Valley civilization ended by 1500 BCE
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The Classical Indian Sub-Continent
• Two features:– Political Fragmentation – Vast Cultural Diversity
• So what gave the Indian subcontinent a recognizable identity?
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Hinduism• No central prophet• Diversity• Not missionary
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Hinduism• No central prophet• Diversity• Not missionary• Key concept: SAMSARA (=
reincarnation)
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Brahmanatman
atmanatman
atman
atman
atmanatman
atmanatman atmanatman atman atmanatman
atman
DharmaKarma
DharmaKarma
DharmaKarma
Moksha
Adapted slide originally made by former AP students
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Vedic Origins of Hinduism• Rig Veda (~1500-
1000 BCE) • Sacrifice of Purusha– “The Brahmin was his
mouth, his two arms were made the Rajanya [Kshatriya, king and warrior], his two thighs [loins] the Vaishya, from his feet the Sudra [servile class] was born.”
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Vedic Origins of Hinduism
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4 Noble Truths
• Life is…?• Suffering is caused by…?• Suffering can have…?• The ____ can end suffering
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Hinduism vs. Buddhism?
•Karma and reincarnation•Brahmins•Caste system
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Early Buddhist Art
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A Hindu woman gives offerings and performs prayers to the goddess Lakshmi
at her home shrine
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Mauryan Empire(326-184 BCE)• Large military• Civilian
bureaucracy reported to Pataliputra
• Taxes
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar Edicts
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar Edicts
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar Edicts
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar EdictsBeloved-of-the-Gods…conquered the Kalingas eight years after his coronation…After the Kalinga had been conquered, Beloved-of-the-Gods came to feel a strong inclination towards the Dhamma, a love for the Dhamma and for instruction in the Dhamma. Now Beloved-of-the-Gods feels deep remorse for having conquered the Kalinga…Now Beloved-of-the-Gods thinks that even those who do wrong should be forgiven where forgiveness is possible. Even the forest people, who live in Beloved-of-the-Gods’ domain, are entreated and reasoned with to act properly. They are told that despite his remorse Beloved-of-the-Gods has the power to punish them if necessary, so that they should be ashamed of their wrong and not be killed. Truly, Beloved-of-the-Gods desires non-injury, restraint, and impartiality to all beings, even where wrong has been done… I have had this Dhamma edict written so that my sons and great-grandsons may not consider making new conquests, or that if military conquests are made, that they be done with forbearance and light punishment…
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar Edicts
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar Edicts
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Asoka’s Rock Pillar Edicts
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Compare Emperors
• Augustus (1st century CE)• Qin Shi Huangdi Han Empire (3rd
century BCE)• Asoka (3rd century BCE)– Centralization is short; political
fragmentation by 2nd century BCE – Nonetheless thriving cultural and
economic life
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Gupta Empire320-535 CE
• Smaller than Mauryan
• Supported Hinduism
• Had more local lords,
as well as road-buildingand tribute.
• End?
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Despite political
disunity….?!
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