classification

CLASSIFICATION Why Classification? * study the diversity of life. * group and name organisms in a logical manner. Taxonomy : science of classifying living things using scientific names.

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CLASSIFICATION. Why Classification? * study the diversity of life. * group and name organisms in a logical manner. Taxonomy : science of classifying living things using scientific names. Early Classification. Aristotle: 350 B.C. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CLASSIFICATION

Why Classification?

* study the diversity of life.

* group and name organisms in a logical

manner.

Taxonomy: science of classifying living things using scientific names.

Early Classification

Aristotle: 350 B.C.* Greek philosopher who classified organisms into two kingdoms: Plants or Animals

Plants: size and structuresAnimals: behavior and habitat

* What might be some problems with his system????

Linneaus: Mid 1700s: developed a new

classification system

His system grouped organisms based on morphology (physical appearance)

Created 7 taxonomic levels

Linnaeus’ Taxonomic levels

8 taxonomic levels (taxon=category) :

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Phrase to remember order of levels:

Dear, King Phil Came Over From Germany

Swimming!

8 Taxonomic levelsCan be compared to our address system

Domain (broadest)------ Continent

Kingdom ------------------ Country

Phylum -------------------- State

Class----------------------- County

Order -------------------- Town

Family -------------------- Neighborhood

Genus -------------------- Street

Species (most specific)- House #

What is a Species?

Group of similar organisms that reproduce NATURALLY and create FERTILE offspring

Human Classification

Example

http://www.biologycorner.com/bio3/notes-chap20.html

Binomial NomenclatureScientific Names

Scientists avoid using common names to prevent confusion because they vary from region to region.

Eastern Blue Jay Western Blue Jay

Cyanocitta cristata Cyanocitta stellari

Binomial NomenclatureScientific Names

2 part naming system that consists of genus and species.

Rules for writing scientific names

Genus: first word - first letter capitalizedSpecies: second word - lowercaseBoth are underlined or italicized

EX: Homo sapiens : Human beingsSialia sialis: Eastern Bluebird

Modern Classification

Problems with traditional system: focused only on morphology (appearance)

Modern Criteria for Classification uses:

*Morphology/Anatomy

*Development

*DNA Comparison- DNA sequences

*Evolutionary descent

Evolutionary Classification

Cladistics: the science of grouping organisms based on evolutionary descent, not just morphology.

Cladogram: a diagram that shows evolutionary relationships among organisms.

Derived character: characteristic that appears in recent parts of a lineage, but not in the older members. Used to build cladograms.

Cladogram

www.biologycorner.com/cladogram/cladogram_2.htm#

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Documents

group of similar organisms

order of levels

taxonomic levelscan

naming system

traditional system

evolutionary relationships

dna comparison dna sequences

scientific namesgenus