classification
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Classification. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
• Suppose you had only 10 minutes to run into a supermarket to get what you needed. Could you do it? In most supermarkets this would be an easy task. You would probably head straight to the area where the items were located. But what if you had to shop for the same items in a market where things were randomly placed throughout the store. Where would you begin? You would have to search through a lot of things before you found what you needed! You could be there for a long time!
Classification – putting things into groups based on similar characteristics
• Make sense out of a chaotic natural world• Easier to find information• Identify relationships
Why Classify?
Biologist organize living things into categories
• Taxonomy - the science of identifying and classifying organisms
We Use Classification Every Day!
• Classify our clothes – (hopefully they are not all mixed together in a big pile on your bedroom floor)
• Classify our dishes – (bowls, plates, spoons, forks, cups)
• Classify our food – (how did you know where to find the cereal this morning?)
Early Classification
• Aristotle – 4th century B.C.• Classification based on – where animals lived
Land
Water
Air
Early Classification
• Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linne) - Swedish biologist in early 1700’s
• Classification based on – shape and structure
“The father of modern taxonomy”
Carolus Linnaeus
BinomialNomenclature
HierarchicalClassification
Grouping organisms
Namingorganisms
Two important contributions
Hierarchical Classification – ranked from more general to more specific
KingdomPhylum
ClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies
MoreGeneral
MoreSpecific
Remembering Hierarchical Classification - mnemonics
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Good
Soup
Practice using Hierarchical classification
The more levels you share with others, the more you have in common
Naming Organisms
• Scientific name – a name that remains the same in the biological world
Why not use common names?
• Names differ in other countries/languages
Sweden - groda
Italy - rana
Russia - zhaba
Africa - padda
“FROG”
Names are written in Latin
In the Middle Ages, Latin became the accepted language of the scholar and scientist
Why Latin?
• Latin is a “dead” language
It is no longer spoken as a national or even regional language anywhere in the world. Because of this, Latin words do not change so the pure Latin is not be corrupted by developing slang words from it
“bruisecruise,” “shingrater,” and “stonesoup” just some of the over 300 slang terms used to
describe the same exact thing – crashing on a skateboard
Why Latin?
• Latin need not be translated
No matter what language you speak, the Latin scientific name is left as it is instead of using the common name
Polynomial
• used many words to describe the organism
"Nepeta floribus interrupte spicatus pendunculatis"
(Nepeta with flowers in an interrupted pedunculated spike).
Catnip
Honey bee
Apis, pubescens, thorace subgriseo, abdomine fusco, pedibus posticis glabris utrinque margine ciliates
12 words long!
Name for humans…
• “hairy on top, bare on the bottom of the walking surfaces, bipedal, eyes forward with binocular vision, opposable thumbs, no wings, no feathers, capable of rational thought and the capacity to love.”
Binomial nomenclature
• two part scientific name
The scientific name for the Asian elephant is Elephas maximus
Rules for writing scientific names
1. Use the genus and species
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Elephasmaximus
Rules for writing scientific names
2. Genus is first
– It is always capitalized
3. Species is second
– It is always lower case
4. Both words are italicized or underlined
The Mushroom Coral
• Phylum Cnidaria
• Class Anthozoa
• Order Scleractinia
• Family Fungiidae
• Genus Fungia
• Species scutaria
Practice using binomial nomenclature
• Remember that binomial nomenclature is a two-name naming system…kind of like a first and a last name.
MaIia Kundeindividualor species
The group Ibelong to or
genus
Kunde malia Kunde malia
Practice using binomial nomenclature
• Which of these names is written correctly in binomial nomenclature?A. felis domesticusB. Felis DomesticusC. Felis domesticusD. felis Domesticus
What does a third name mean?
• Subspecies tiger species is Panthera tigris
Bengal tiger is Panthera tigris tigris Siberian tiger is Panthera tigris altaica
• Person who discovered itStrigiphilus aris garylarsoni