classification and description of consonants.ppt
DESCRIPTION
PowerpointTRANSCRIPT
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CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF CONSONANTS
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CONSONANTS
CONSONANTS are sounds produced with an
egressive flow of air coming out of the mouth
or the nose accompanied by obstruction or
friction in the articulators.
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ARTICULATING ORGANS
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24 Consonants in English
• /p/ • / b/
• / t/
• / d/
• / k/
• / g/
• /f/
• /v/
• /Ɵ/
• /ð/
• /s/
• /z/
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• /ʃ/
• /ʒ/
• /m/
• /n/
• /Ƞ/
• /tʃ/
• /dʒ/
• /j/
• /w/
• /h/
• /r/
• /l/
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Consonants can be classified on the basis of
Air stream mechanism
State of glottis
The position of the soft palate
Points of articulation
The manner of articulation
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The position of the soft palate
• Oral sounds /p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ / / /s/ / / /h/ /t / /b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ Ɵ ʃ ʃ /ð/ /z/
/ʒ/ /dʒ/ /j/ /w/ /r/ /l/
• Nasal sounds /m/ /n/ /Ƞ/
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Points of Articulation
• Bilabial made with the two lips (/p/, /b/,/w/ /m/).
• Labiodental the lower lip articulates with the upper
teeth (/f/, /v/).
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• Dental the tongue tip articulate with the upper
teeth (/ / ,Ɵ /ð/)
• Alveolar the tongue tip and/or blade articulates with
the alveolar ridge (/t, d, n, l, s, z/).
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• Post-alveolar the blade articulates with the alveolar ridge
(/r/)
• Palato -alveolar The tip ,blade, and front of the tongue
articulates with the hard palate (/ ʃ ʒ tʃ dʒ/ )
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• Palatal the front (or blade) of the tongue articulates
with the hard palate (/j/).
• Velar the back of the tongue articulates with the
soft palate (/k g Ƞ/).
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• Glottal sounds involving an obstruction or narrowing
of the glottis (/h/)
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Manner of Articulation
• Plosives A complete closure at some point in the vocal
tract, behind which the air pressure builds up and can be released with a sudden burst (plosion) /p, b, t, d, k, g/.
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• Affricates Affricates are consonants articulated with a
stricture of firm closure of mouth followed by a slow release. /t /ʃ /dʒ/
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• Fricatives Fricatives are produced with a stricture
almost approximation. / f, v, , Ɵ ð, h, z, s/
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• Frictionless continuent
These are sounds produced with an open approximation /r/
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• Semi Vowels These are also consonants articulated with
an open approximation. They are vowel like in quality and function like consonants.
/j/ & /w/
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Description of English Consonants
• /p/ - voiceless bilabial plosive
• / b/ - voiced bilabial plosive
• / t/ - voiceless alveolar plosive
• / d/ - voiced alveolar plosive
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• / k/ - voiceless velar plosive
• / g/ - voiced velar plosive
• /f/ - voiceless labio-dental fricative
• /v/ - voiced labio-dental fricative
• /Ɵ/ - voiceless dental fricative
• /ð/ - voiced dental fricative
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• /s/ - voiceless alveolar fricative
• /z/ - voiced alveolar fricative
• / / - voiceless palato – alveolar fricativeʃ
• / ʒ / - voiced palato-alveolar fricative
• /h/ - voiceless glottal fricative
• /t / - voiceless palato -alveolar affricateʃ
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• /dʒ/ - voiced palato -alveolar affricate
• /m/ - voiced bi-labial nasal
• /n/ - voiced alveolar nasal
• /Ƞ/ - voiced velar nasal
• /j/ - voiced palatal semi-vowel
• /w/ - voiced bi-labial semi-vowel
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• /r / - voiced post-alveolar frictionless
continuent
• /l/ -voiced alveolar lateral
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HARIKRISHNA S HENGLISH OPTIONAL KUCTE KOLLAM