classification and list of languages of the...

Classification and List of Languages of the WorldBased on Merritt Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages, Vol. 1:Classification (Stanford, CA: Stanford Univ. Press, 1987), pp. 301-378.

Info file by Kazuo Morishima, Lawrence Reid, Saranya Savetamalya,David Stampe, Ryo Stanwood, and Fumio Usami, March 1988.HTML version by Stampe, November 2001 ([email protected])

A complete genetic classification of the world's languages arranged in terms of 17 independent phyla. Languages are given in capitalized lower-case letters, groups in all capitals. Languages and groupspreceded by + are extinct. The number of languages in each group is shown as [extant+extinct] after the name of the group. The tree is condensed, with ungrouped siblings listed together as branch ".0". Thus the outline on the left stands for the outline on the right:

1. PARENT [3+1]: 1. PARENT [3+1]: 1.0. [1+1] Child-A, +Child-B 1.1. Child-A1.1. CHILD-C [2]: Grandchild-A, Grandchild-B 1.2. +Child-B

1.3. CHILD-C [2]:1.3.1. Grandchild-A1.3.2. Grandchild-B

Some diacritics not in Latin1 are coded in TeX fashion with "\".______________________________________________________________________ Up: Top

PHYLA

KHOISANNIGER-KORDOFANIANNILO-SAHARANAFRO-ASIATICCAUCASIANINDO-HITTITEURALIC-YUKAGHIRALTAICCHUKCHI-KAMCHATKANESKIMO-ALEUTELAMO-DRAVIDIANSINO-TIBETANAUSTRIC (MIAO-YAO, AUSTROASIATIC, AUSTRO-TAI (DAIC, AUSTRONESIAN))INDO-PACIFICAUSTRALIANNA-DENEAMERINDOTHER (LANGUAGE ISOLATES, UNCLASSIFIED, PIDGINS AND CREOLES, INVENTED)

______________________________________________________________________ Up: INDEX Next: NIGER-KORDOFANIAN

KHOISAN [31+2]

1. HADZA [1]: Hadza2. SANDAWE [1]: Sandawe3. SOUTHERN AFRICA [29+2]:3.1. NORTHERN [4]: Qxû (= !Kung), \/=Au.//eî, Maligo, Ekoka3.2. CENTRAL [19+1]:3.2.1. NAMA [3+1]: Nama, Dama, !Ora, +Xiri3.2.2. HAI.N//UM [1]: Hai.n//um3.2.3. KWADI [1]: Kwadi3.2.4. TSHU-KHWE [14]:3.2.4.1. NORTHEAST [2]: G//abake, Kwee3.2.4.2. NORTH-CENTRAL [3]: Ganade, Shua, Danisin3.2.4.3. CENTRAL [1]: Deti3.2.4.4. NORTHWEST [4]: Buka, Handa, Xû, G//ana

3.2.4.5. SOUTHWEST [4]: Naron, G/wi, G//ani, N/hain.tse3.3. SOUTHERN [6+1]:3.3.1. TA'A [4]: !Ô, \/=Hû, N/amani, //Ng.!'e3.3.2. !WI [2+1]: N/huki, //Xekwi, +/Xam______________________________________________________________________Prev: KHOISAN Up: INDEX Next: NILO-SAHARAN

NIGER-KORDOFANIAN [1064+4]

1. KORDOFANIAN [32]:1.1. KADUGLI [9]:1.1.1. WESTERN [3]: Tulishi, Keiga, Kanga1.1.2. CENTRAL [4]: Miri, Kadugli, Katcha, Tumma1.1.3. EASTERN [2]: Krongo, Tumtum1.2. KORDOFANIAN PROPER [23]:1.2.1. KATLA [2]: Katla, Tima1.2.2. HEIBAN [10]:1.2.2.1. EASTERN [2]: Ko, Warnang1.2.2.2. WEST-CENTRAL [8]:1.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL [5]:1.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Rere1.2.2.2.1.1. EGANG-LOGOL [4]:1.2.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Utoro, Logol1.2.2.2.1.1.1. EBANG-LARU [2]: Ebang, Laru1.2.2.2.2. SHIRUMBA [1]: Shirumba1.2.2.2.3. WESTERN [2]: Tiro, Moro1.2.3. TALODI [6]:1.2.3.0. [1]: Tegem1.2.3.1. TALODI PROPER [5]:1.2.3.1.0. [3]: Nding, Jomang, Tocho1.2.3.1.1. NGILE-DENGEBU [2]: Ngile, Dengebu1.2.4. RASHAD [5]: Tegali, Tagoi, Tingal, Tukum, Turum2. NIGER-CONGO [1032+4]:2.1. MANDE [29]:2.1.0. [1]: Bobo-Fing2.1.1. NORTHERN-WESTERN [18]:2.1.1.1. NORTHERN [13]:2.1.1.1.1. SONINKE-BOZO [2]: Soninke, Bozo2.1.1.1.2. SUSU-YALUNKA [2]: Susu, Yalunka2.1.1.1.3. LIGBI-NUMU [2]: Ligbi, Numu2.1.1.1.4. VAI-KONO [2]: Vai, Kono

2.1.1.1.5. MANDEKAN [5]:2.1.1.1.5.1. WEST [2]: Mandinka, Xasonke2.1.1.1.5.2. EAST [3]: Maninka, Bambara, Dyula2.1.1.2. SOUTHWESTERN [5]:2.1.1.2.0. [3]: Loko, Loma, Kpelle2.1.1.2.1. MENDE-BANDI [2]: Mende, Bandi2.1.2. SOUTHERN-EASTERN [10]:2.1.2.1. SOUTHERN [6]:2.1.2.1.0. [2]: Mano, Dan2.1.2.1.1. KWENI-TURA [4]: Kweni, Mwa, Nwa, Tura2.1.2.2. EASTERN [4]:2.1.2.2.0. [2]: Bisa, Busa2.1.2.2.1. SAMO [2]: Sane, San2.2. NIGER-CONGO PROPER [1003+4]:2.2.1. WEST ATLANTIC [46]:2.2.1.0. [1]: Bijago2.2.1.1. NORTHERN [29]:2.2.1.1.1. SENEGAL [3]: Fula (= Fulani), Serer, Wolof2.2.1.1.2. CANGIN [5]: Falor, Lehar, Ndut, Non, Safan2.2.1.1.3. BAK [10]:2.2.1.1.3.1. BALANT-GANJA [2]: Balant, Ganja2.2.1.1.3.2. MANJAKU-PAPEL [3]: Mankan, Manjaku, Papel2.2.1.1.3.3. DIOLA [5]:2.2.1.1.3.3.0. [1]: Bayot2.2.1.1.3.3.1. DIOLA PROPER [4]:2.2.1.1.3.3.1.0. [2]: Karon, Kwatay2.2.1.1.3.3.1.1. DIOLA-GUSILAY [2]: Diola, Gusilay2.2.1.1.4. EASTERN SENEGAL-GUINEA BISSAU [8]: Badyara, Banyun, Basari, Bedik, Biafada, Kasanga, Kobiana, Konyagi2.2.1.1.5. MBULUNGISH-NALU [3]: Baga Mboteni, Mbulungish, Nalu2.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [16]:2.2.1.2.0. [2]: Sua, Limba2.2.1.2.1. MEL [14]:2.2.1.2.1.0. [1]: Gola2.2.1.2.1.1. TEMNE [8]: Baga Binari, Baga Koga, Baga Maduri, Baga Sitemu, Baga Sobane, Banta, Landuma, Temne2.2.1.2.1.2. BULLOM [5]: Bom, Northern Bullom, Southern Bullom, Kisi, Krim2.2.2. CENTRAL NIGER-CONGO [957+4]:

2.2.2.1. NORTH CENTRAL NIGER-CONGO [206]:2.2.2.1.1. KRU [18]:2.2.2.1.1.0. [3]: Aizi, Kuwaa, Seme2.2.2.1.1.1. EASTERN [3]:2.2.2.1.1.1.1. NORTH [1]: Bete2.2.2.1.1.1.2. SOUTH [2]: Godie, Dida2.2.2.1.1.2. WESTERN [12]:2.2.2.1.1.2.0. [4]: Bakwe, Kru, Grebo, Tajuason2.2.2.1.1.2.1. KLAU [2]: Klau, Peripheral Klau2.2.2.1.1.2.2. BASSA [2]: Bassa, Dewoin2.2.2.1.1.2.3. WE [4]:2.2.2.1.1.2.3.0. [1]: Krahn2.2.2.1.1.2.3.1. GUERE [3]: Guere, Wobe, Nyabwa2.2.2.1.2. DOGON [1]: Dogon2.2.2.1.3. GUR (= VOLTAIC) [73]:2.2.2.1.3.0. [1]: Bariba2.2.2.1.3.1. KULANGO-LORHON [2]: Kulango, Lorhon2.2.2.1.3.2. SENUFO-TUSYA [15]:2.2.2.1.3.2.0. [1]: Tusya2.2.2.1.3.2.1. SENUFO [14]:2.2.2.1.3.2.1.0. [8]: Senari, Palaka, Nafana, Tyeliri, Tiefo, Kulele, Karaboro, Viemo2.2.2.1.3.2.2.1. NATIORO-WARA [2]: Natioro, Wara2.2.2.1.3.2.2.2. SUPPIRE-MIANKA [2]: Suppire, Mianka2.2.2.1.3.2.2.3. TAGBANA-DYIMINI [2]: Tagbana, Dyimini2.2.2.1.3.3. CENTRAL [55]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1. KURUMFE-OTI-VOLTA [31]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1.0. [1]: Kurumfe2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1. BWAMU-OTI-VOLTA [30]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.0. [1]: Bwamu2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1. OTI-VOLTA [29]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.1. BULI-KOMA [2]: Buli, Koma2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2. OTI-VOLTA PROPER [27]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.1. EASTERN [5]: Bieri, Wama, Tayari, Tamari, Nyende2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2. WESTERN-GURMA [22]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.1. WESTERN [12]: Notre, Gurenne, More, Safalaba, Dagara, Kusaal, Kamara, Talne, Nabte, Mampelle, Dagbani, Hanga

2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.2. GURMA-YOM [10]:2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.2.1. GURMA [8]: Kasele, Basari, Konkomba, Soruba, Dye, Gangam, Gurma, Moba2.2.2.1.3.3.1.1.1.2.2.2.2. YOM-NAUDEM [2]: Yom, Naudem2.2.2.1.3.3.2. DOGHOSE-GURUNSI [24]:2.2.2.1.3.3.2.1. DOGHOSE-GAN [2]: Doghose, Gan2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2. GURUNSI-KIRMA [22]:2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1. GURUNSI [18]:2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.1. WESTERN [4]: Kasem, Nuni, Lyele, Pana2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.2. CENTRAL-EASTERN [14]:2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.2.1. CENTRAL [8]: Siti, Winye, Pwo, Isala, Chakali, Tampulma, Vagala, Mo2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.1.2.2. EASTERN [6]: Kabre, Lamba, Tem, Chala, Delo, Bago2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.2. KIRMA-LOBI [4]:2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.2.1. KIRMA-TYURAMA [2]: Kirma, Tyurama2.2.2.1.3.3.2.2.2.2. LOBI-DAN [2]: Lobi, Dan2.2.2.1.4. ADAMAWA-UBANGIAN [114]:2.2.2.1.4.1. ADAMAWA [66]:2.2.2.1.4.1.0. [5]: Kam, Longuda, Fali, Nimbari, Kim2.2.2.1.4.1.1. WAJA [7]:2.2.2.1.4.1.1.0. [5]: Awak, Dadia, Kamu, Tula, Waja2.2.2.1.4.1.1.1. CHAM-MONA [2]: Cham, Mona2.2.2.1.4.1.2. CHAMBA [3]: Chamba, Donga, Wom2.2.2.1.4.1.3. DAKA [4]: Daka, Dirrim, Gandole, Taram2.2.2.1.4.1.4. DURU [9]: Doyãyo, Dupa, Duru, Goom, Kolbila, Kutin, Sari, Sewe, Vere2.2.2.1.4.1.5. MUMUYE-YENDANG [8]:2.2.2.1.4.1.5.1. MUMUYE [5]: Mumuye, Gengle, Kumba, Teme, Waka2.2.2.1.4.1.5.2. YENDANG [3]: Yendang, Kugama, Passam2.2.2.1.4.1.6. MBUM-MUNDANG [12]:2.2.2.1.4.1.6.0. [4]: Galke, Mangbai, Pam, Tupuri2.2.2.1.4.1.6.1. MBUM [4]: Mbum, Dek, Kali, Lakka2.2.2.1.4.1.6.2. MUNDANG [2]: Mundang, Gelama2.2.2.1.4.1.6.3. DAMA-MONO [2]: Dama, Mono2.2.2.1.4.1.7. YUNGUR [4]:2.2.2.1.4.1.7.0. [2]: Libo, Mboi

2.2.2.1.4.1.7.1. YUNGUR-ROBA [2]: Yungur, Roba2.2.2.1.4.1.8. BAMBUKA [4]: Bambuka, Jen, Kanawa, Munga2.2.2.1.4.1.9. BUA [10]: Bua, Bolgo, Buso, Day, Fanya, Gula, Kulaal, Koke, Nielim, Tunya2.2.2.1.4.2. UBANGIAN [48]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1. GBAYA-GBANZILI [28]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.1. GBAYA [4]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.1.0. [2]: Gbaya, Bangando2.2.2.1.4.2.1.1.1. MANZA-NGBAKA [2]: Manza, Ngbaka2.2.2.1.4.2.1.2. NGBANDI [3]: Ngbandi, Sango, Yakoma2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3. GBANZILI-SERE [21]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1. SERE [9]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.1. NORTH [2]: Feroge, Indri2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.2. SOUTH [7]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.2.1. NDOGO-SERE [3]: Ndogo, Sere, Tagbu2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.1.2.2. BAI-VIRI [2]: Bai, Viri2.2.2.1.46PE3.3.1.2.3. MANGAYA-TOGOYO [2]: Mangaya, Togoyo2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2. GBANZILI [12]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.1. EAST [3]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.1.0. [1]: Mundu2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.1.1. MAYOGO-BANGBA [2]: Mayogo, Bangba2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.2. WEST [9]:2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.2.0. [3]: Gbanzili, Bwaka, Monzombo2.2.2.1.4.2.1.3.2.2.1. BAKA-GUNDI [6]: Baka, Bomasa, Bayanga, Ngombe, Gundi, Ganzi2.2.2.1.4.2.2. BANDA [12]:2.2.2.1.4.2.2.1. LANGBASI-NGUBU [2]: Langbasi, Ngubu2.2.2.1.4.2.2.2. MBANZA-MBANJA [2]: Mbanza, Mbanja2.2.2.1.4.2.2.3. NGBUNDU [1]: Ngbundu2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4. NGUNDU-GOLO [7]:2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.1. NGUNDU-KPAGUA [2]: Ngundu, Kpagua2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.2. GUBU-YAKPA [2]: Gubu, Yakpa2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.3. LINDA [1]: Linda2.2.2.1.4.2.2.4.4. GBI-GOLO [2]: Gbi, Golo2.2.2.1.4.2.3. ZANDE [4]:2.2.2.1.4.2.3.1. ZANDE-NZAKARA [2]: Zande, Nzakara2.2.2.1.4.2.3.2. BARAMBO-PAMBIA [2]: Barambo, Pambia2.2.2.1.4.2.4. AMADI [2]: Amadi, Dongo

2.2.2.1.4.2.5. MONDUNGA [2]: Mondunga, Mba2.2.2.2. SOUTH CENTRAL NIGER-CONGO [751+4]:2.2.2.2.1. IJO-DEFAKA [5]:2.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Defaka2.2.2.2.1.1. IJO [4]: Kalabari, Nembe, Biseni, Kolokuma2.2.2.2.2. WESTERN [47]:2.2.2.2.2.1. NYO [36]:2.2.2.2.2.1.1. YI [34]:2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. VOLTA-COMOE [19]:2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.1. WESTERN [2]: Abure, Eotile2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2. CENTRAL [7]:2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2.0. [2]: Akan, Abron2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2.1. BAULE-AGNI [3]: Baule, Anyi, Chakosi2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.2.2. NZEMA-AHANTA [2]: Nzema, Ahanta2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.3. EASTERN [10]:2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.3.0. [7]: Awutu, Chiripong, Gonja, Nkonya, Nawuri, Nchumunu, Nchumburu2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.3.1. NORTH [3]: Achode, Anyanga, Krachi2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. CENTRAL TOGO [15]:2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.1. NA [8]: Adele, Akpafu, Siwu, Basila, Buem, Likpe, Logba, Sele2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.2. KA [7]: Ahlo, Animere, Avatime, Nyangbo, Bowili, Kebu, Kposo2.2.2.2.2.1.2. GÃ-ADANGME [2]: Gã, Adangme2.2.2.2.2.2. TOGO [11]:2.2.2.2.2.2.1. EWE-FON [2]: Ewe, Fon2.2.2.2.2.2.2. LAGOON [9]:2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. POTU [2]: Mbato, Ebrie2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. INTERIOR [5]: Attie, Abe, Abiji, Krobu, Adyukru2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3. COASTAL [2]: Aladian, Avikam2.2.2.2.3. EASTERN [699+4]:2.2.2.2.3.1. CENTRAL NIGER [11]:2.2.2.2.3.1.1. NIGER-KADUNA [4]:2.2.2.2.3.1.1.0. [1]: Ebira2.2.2.2.3.1.1.1. NUPE [3]:2.2.2.2.3.1.1.1.0. [1]: Gade2.2.2.2.3.1.1.1.1. NUPE-GWARI [2]: Nupe, Gwari

2.2.2.2.3.1.2. IDOMA [7]: Alago, Idoma, Yala, Akpa, Igede, Etulo, Eloyi2.2.2.2.3.2. YORUBA-NORTHERN AKOKO [3]:2.2.2.2.3.2.0. [1]: Northern Akoko2.2.2.2.3.2.1. YORUBA [2]: Yoruba, Igala2.2.2.2.3.3. EDO [22]:2.2.2.2.3.3.1. DELTA [3]: Epie, Engenni, Degema2.2.2.2.3.3.2. SOUTHWESTERN [5]: Okpe<1>, Urhobo, Uvbie, Isoko, Eruwa2.2.2.2.3.3.3. NORTH-CENTRAL [10]: Bini, Esan, Emai, Iyekhee, Ghotuo, Uneme, North Ibie, Ikpeshi, Sasaru, Ososo2.2.2.2.3.3.4. NORTHWESTERN [4]: Okpamheri, Uhami, Ukue, Okpe<2>2.2.2.2.3.4. LOWER NIGER [7]:2.2.2.2.3.4.0. [1]: Ekpeye2.2.2.2.3.4.1. IGBO [6]: Izi, Igbo, Ika, Ukwuani, Ogbah, Ikwere2.2.2.2.3.5. JUKUNOID [10]:2.2.2.2.3.5.1. YUKUBEN-KUTEB [2]: Yukuben, Kuteb2.2.2.2.3.5.2. CENTRAL [8]:2.2.2.2.3.5.2.1. KPAN-ICEN [2]: Kpan, Icen2.2.2.2.3.5.2.2. JUKUN [3]: Ashuku, Nama, Jukun2.2.2.2.3.5.2.3. WURBO [3]: Bandawa, Chomo, Jiru2.2.2.2.3.6. DELTA CROSS [11]:2.2.2.2.3.6.1. CENTRAL DELTA [8]: Ogbogolo, Ogbia, Kugbo, Mini, Abua, Odual, Ogbronuagum, Obulom2.2.2.2.3.6.2. OGONI [3]: Kana, Gokana, Eleme2.2.2.2.3.7. LOWER CROSS [8]:2.2.2.2.3.7.0. [1]: Obolo2.2.2.2.3.7.1. EFIK [3]: Efik, Ibibio, Anaang2.2.2.2.3.7.2. ORON [4]: Okobo, Oron, Ekit, Ibino2.2.2.2.3.8. UPPER CROSS [22]:2.2.2.2.3.8.0. [1]: Tita2.2.2.2.3.8.1. EASTERN [9]: Mbembe, Legbo, Leyigha, Lenyima, Loko, Agoi, Lokukoli, Lubilo, Olulumo2.2.2.2.3.8.2. WESTERN [8]: Koring, Kukele, Uzekwe, Kohumono, Ubaghara, Agwaagwune, Umon, Ukpet2.2.2.2.3.8.3. CALABAR RIVER [4]: Kiong, Korop, Lyoniyorg, Doko

2.2.2.2.3.9. BENUE-ZAMBESI [605+4]:2.2.2.2.3.9.1. CARA [42+4]:2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1. EASTERN [24+2]:2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.0. [1]: Amo2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.1. CHAWAI [2]: Piti, Chawai2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.2. KURAMA [13]: Kuzamani, Kurama, Rumaya, Ruruma, Binawa, Kono, Surubu, Kaivi, Kiballo, Kitimi, Kinuku, Dungi, Gure2.2.2.2.3.9.1.1.3. JERA [8+2]: +Kuda, Butu, Gyem, +Taura, Lemoro, Janji, Sani, Buji, Anaguta, Chokobo2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2. WESTERN [18+2]:2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.0. [1]: Reshe2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.1. LARU-LOPA [2]: Laru, Lopa2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2. KAMBARI-DUKA [15+2]:2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.1. KAMBARI [2]: Western Kambari, Eastern Kambari2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.2. KAMUKU [2+2]: Ngwoi, Kamuku, +Bassa-Kontagora, +Ashaganna2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.3. BASSA [7]: Bassa-Kaduna, Bassa-Kuta, Gurmana, Pongu, Bauchi, Ura, Bassa-Kwomu2.2.2.2.3.9.1.2.2.4. DUKA [4]: Lela, Duka, Puku, Lyase2.2.2.2.3.9.2. NYIMA [563]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1. PLATEAU [44]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.0. [4]: Ayu, Yashi, Mabo-Barkul, Irigwe2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.1. BIROM-MIGILI [4]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.1.0. [2]: Migili, Aten2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.1.1. BIROM [2]: Birom, Fachara2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2. KAJE-KADARA [16]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.0. [1]: Katab2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.1. YESKWA [3]: Yeskwa, Lungu, Koro2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.2. KAJE [6]: Kamanton, Kagoma, Jaba, Nandu, Izarek, Kaje2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.2.3. KADARA [6]: Kadara, Kuturmi, Ikulu, Idong, Doka, Iku2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3. NINZAM-RUKUBA [9]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3.0. [1]: Rukuba2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3.1. KWANKA [2]: Kwanka, Shall

2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.3.2. NINZAM [6]: Ninzam, Mada, Gwantu, Nindem, Kaningkon, Kanufi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.4. EGGON [4]: Eggon, Nungu, Ake, Jidda2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.5. FYAM [2]: Fyam, Horom2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.6. TAROK [3]: Tarok, Bashar, Pai2.2.2.2.3.9.2.1.7. TURKWAM [2]: Turkwam, Arum2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2. WEL [519]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.1. BENDI-BOKYI [9]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.1.0. [1]: Bokyi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.1.1. BENDI [8]: Bekwarra, Bendi, Obanliku, Ukpe, Ubang, Alege, Utugwang, Bumaji2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2. BANTOID [510]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.1. NON-BANTU [16]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.1.1. MAMBILA-VUTE [8]: Mambila, Kamkam, Tep, Magu, Kila, Ndoro, Gandua, Vute2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.1.2. TIV-BATU [8]: Tiv, Otank, Emane, Icheve, Evant, Bitare, Abon, Batu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2. BROAD BANTU [494]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1. BANE [114]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1. JARAWAN-EKOID [20]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. JARAWAN [10]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.0. [2]: Mboa, Nagumi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.1.1. NIGERIAN [8]: Bile, Mbula, Mama, Lame, Jaku, Gubi, Kulung, Jarawa2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. EDOID-MBE [10]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.0. [1]: Mbe2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.1. EKOID [9]: Ndoe, Ejagham, Efutop, Nde, Abanyom, Nkem, Nkumm, Nnam, Ekajuk2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.2. MAMFE [9]: Esimbi, Amasi, Kenyang, Kitwii, Kinkwa, Menka, Ngwo, Bitieku, Assaka2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3. GRASSFIELDS [68]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1. EASTERN [48]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.1. NKAMBE [8]: Adere, Limbum, Kofa, Kwaja, Ncha, Ndaktup, Ntem, Yamba2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2. NUN-BAMILEKE [40]:

2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2.1. NUN [6]: Bamun, Mungaka, Bambalang, Baba, Bapi, Bandeng2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2.2. NGEMBA [8]: Mankon, Mundum, Bafut, Nkwen, Bambui, Pinyin, Awing, Kpati2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.1.2.3. BAMILEKE [26]: Babaju, Fe'fe, Dschang, Bafussam, Bagam, Balum, Bamaha, Bamendiinda, Bamenkombit, Bamenyam, Banjun, Bangangte, Bangwa, Bapi, Bacham, Bachingu, Bati, Batie, Bamugun, Fomopea, Fongondeng, Foto, Fotuni, Ngwe, Babuantu, Upper Mundani2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2. WESTERN [20]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1. RING [15]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.1. NKOM [8]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.1. WEST [4]: Aghem, Isu, Weh, Bafumen2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.1.2. CENTRAL [4]: Babanki, Kom, Bum, Oku2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.2. EAST [7]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.2.0. [1]: Lamnso2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.1.2.1. NDOP [6]: Bamessing, Bamessi, Babungo, Bamunka, Bamali, Fanji2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.2. MOMO-NJEN [5]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.2.1. MOMO [3]: Tadkon, Ngie, Oshie2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.3.2.2.2. NJEN [2]: Njem, Lower Mundani2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.4. MENCHUM [6]: Modele, Mukuru, Befang, Bangui, Obang, Okomanjan2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.5. BEBOID [9]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.5.1. WESTERN [4]: Mekaf, Bu, Kinabe, Koshin2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.5.2. EASTERN [5]: Bebe, Dumbo, Nchanti, Noni, Akweto2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.1.6. TIKAR [2]: Tikar, Bandobo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2. NARROW BANTU [380]:

2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1. NORTHWEST BANTU [131]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1. ZONE A [43]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. LUNDU-BALONG [5]: Lundu, Lue, Balong, Bonkeng, Bafo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. DUALA [7]: Mboko, Kwiri, Su, Duala, Wori, Pongo, Limba2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.3. BUBI-BENGA [4]: Bubi, Noho, Yasa, Benga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.4. BASAA [6]: Lombi, Bankon, Basaa, Tunen, Nyo'o, Mande2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.5. BAFIA [4]: Fa', Mbong, Kpa, Djanti2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.6. SANAGA [2]: Ki, Yambasa2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.7. EWONDO [5]: Eton, Ewondo, Bebele, Bulu, Fang2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.8. MAKAA-NJEM [7]: Ngumba, So, Makaa, Njem, Konabem, Mpiemo, Bomwali2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.1.9. KAKO [3]: Kwakum, Pol, Yaka2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2. ZONE B [41]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.1. MYENE [1]: Myene2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.2. KELE [7]: Sekyani, Kele, Mbangwe, Wumvu, Kota, Ndasa, Sighu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.3. TSOGO [3]: Tsogo, Kande, Pinji2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.4. SIRA [6]: Sira, Sangu, Punu, Lumbu, Mbwisi, Barama2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.5. NJEBI [3]: Duma, Njebi, Tsaangi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.6. MBEDE [6]: Mbede, Mbama, Ndumu, Ngwii, Ngul, Kaningi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.7. TEKE [9]: Ngu Ngwoni, North Teke, Northeast Teke, West Teke, Central Teke, Bali, East Teke, South

Teke, Wuumu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.2.8. YANZI [6]: Tiene, Mfinu, Mpuono, Yanzi, Di, Mbuun2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3. ZONE C [47]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.1. NGANDO [2]: Ngando, Kota2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.2. NGUNDI [6]: Ngundi, Pande, Mbati, Mbomotaba, Bongili, Lobala2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.3. MBOSHI [7]: Mboko, Akwa, Ngare, Koyo, Mboshi, Kwala, Kuba2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.4. BANGI-NTOMBA [7]: Ngiri, Bobangi, Sengele, Sakata, Ntomba, Losengo, Buja2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.5. NGOMBE [5]: Ngombe, Bwela, Bati, Bua, Beo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.6. KELE [6]: Mbesa, So, Gesogo, Lombo, Lokele, Foma2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.7. MONGO [6]: Mongo, Lalia, Ngando, Konda, Mbole, Ombo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.8. TETELA [5]: Tetela, Kusu, Nkutu, Yela, Kela2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.1.3.9. BUSHONG [3]: Ndengese, Songomeno, Bushong2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2. CENTRAL BANTU [249]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. ZONE D [17]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.1. ENYA [3]: Lengola, Mituku, Enya2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.2. LEGA-KALANGA [5]: Bali, North Binja, Lega, South Binja, Holoholo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.3. BIRA-HUKU [6]: Piri, Bira, Nyali, Bodo, Komo, Kare2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.4. NYANGA [1]: Nyanga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.1.5. BEMBE [2]: Bembe, Buyu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. ZONE E [22]:

2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. LOGOLI-KURIA [7]: Logoli, Gusii, Kuria, Zanaki, Nata, Sonjo, Ngurimi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. KIKUYU-KAMBA [6]: Kikuyu, Embu, Meru, Tharaka, Kamba, Daiso2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.3. CHAGA [5]: Rwo, Chaga, Rusa, Kehe, Gweno2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.4. NYIKA [4]: Pokomo, Nyika, Digo, Taita2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3. ZONE F [13]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.1. TONGWE [3]: Tongwe, Bende, Fipa2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.2. SUKUMA-NYAMWEZI [5]: Sukuma, Nyamwezi, Sumbwa, Kimbu, Bungu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.3.3. NYILAMBA-LANGI [5]: Nyilamba, Rimi, Langi, Mbugwe, Mbugu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4. ZONE G [28]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.1. GOGO [2]: Gogo, Kaguru2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.2. SHAMBALA [4]: Tubeta, Casu, Shambala, Bondei2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.3. ZIGULA-ZARAMO [9]: Zigula, Ngwele, Zaramo, Ngulu, Ruguru, Kami, Kutu, Vidunda, Sagala2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.4. SWAHILI [4]: Tikuu, Swahili, gPemba, Komoro2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.5. POGORO [2]: Pogoro, Ndamba2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.4.6. BENA-KINGA [7]: Sango, Hehe, Bena, Pangwa, Kinga, Wanji, Kisi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5. ZONE H [17]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.1. KONGO [7]: Bembe, Yombe, Kunyi, Ndingi, Mboka, Kongo, Dondo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.2. MBUNDU [4]: North Mbundu, Sama, Bolo, Songo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.3. YAKA [5]: Yaka, Suku, Hungu, Mbangala,

Sinji2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.5.4. HUNGANA [1]: Hungana2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6. ZONE J [30]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.1. NYORO-LUGANDA [5]: Nyoro, Luganda, Soga, Gwere, Nyala2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.2. HAYA-KWAYA [5]: Karagwe, Haya, Dzindza, Kerebe, Kwaya2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.3. MASABA-LUYIA [6]: Masaba, Luyia, Nyole, Suamia, Nyuli, Syan2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.4. KONZO [2]: Konzo, Nande2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.5. SHI-HAVU [7]: Hunde, Havu, Shi, Fuliru, Vira, Kabwari, Tembo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.6.6. RWANDA-RUNDI [5]: Rwanda, Rundi, Shubi, Hangaza, Vinza2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7. ZONE K [26]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.1. HOLU [2]: Yeci, Holu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.2. CHOKWE-LUCHAZI [9]: Chokwe, Luimbi, Luchazi, Lwena, Mbuunda, Nyengo, Mbwela, Nkangala, Ngangela2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.3. SALAMPASU-NDEMBO [3]: Salampasu, Ndembo, Ruund2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.4. KWANGWA [8]: Luyi, Mbowe, Kwangali, Masi, Simaa, Sanjo, Kwangwa, Gova2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.5. SUBIA [2]: Totela, Subia2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.6. MBALA [1]: Mbala2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.7.7. DIRIKU [1]: Diriku2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8. ZONE L [15]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.1. BWILE [1]: Bwile2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.2. SONGYE [6]: Kete, Mbagani, Songye, Luna, Budya, Bangubangu2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.3. LUBA [5]: Luba-Kasai, Kanyok, Luba-Shaba, Hemba, Sanga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.4. KAONDE [1]: Kaonde

2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.8.5. NKOYA [2]: Mbwera, Nkoya2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9. ZONE M [24]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.1. RUNGU [4]: Pimbwe, Rungwa, Rungu, Mambwe2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.2. NYIKA-SAFWA [7]: Ndali, Mwanga, Nyiha, Malila, Safwa, Iwa, Tembo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.3. NYAKYUSA [1]: Nyakyusa2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.4. BEMBA [3]: Taabwa, Bemba, Aushi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.5. BISA-LAMBA [5]: Bisa, Lala, Swaka, Lamba, Seba2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.9.6. LENJE-TONGA [4]: Lenje, Soli, Ila, Tonga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10. ZONE N [12]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.1. MANDA [4]: Manda, Matengo, Mpoto, Tonga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.2. TUMBUKA [1]: Tumbuka2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.3. NYANJA [1]: Nyanja2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.10.4. SENGA-SENA [6]: Senga, Kunda, Nyungwe, Sena, Rue, Podzo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11. ZONE P [14]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11.1. MATUMBI [5]: Ndengereko, Ruihi, Matumbi, Ngindo, Mbunga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11.2. YAO [5]: Yao, Mwera, Makonde, Ndonde, Mabiha2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.11.3. MAKUA [4]: Makua, Lomwe, Ngulu, Chuabo2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12. ZONE R [9]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12.1. SOUTH MBUNDU [4]: South Mbundu, Ndombe, Nyaneka, Nkumbi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12.2. NDONGA [4]: Kwanyama, Ndonga, Kwambi, Ngandyera2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.12.3. HERERO [1]: Herero2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13. ZONE S [22]:2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.1. SHONA [6]: Shona, Zezuru, Manyika, Karanga, Ndau, Kalanga

2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.2. VENDA [1]: Venda2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.3. SOTHO-TSWANA [4]: Tswana, Northern Sotho, Southern Sotho, Lozi2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.4. NGUNI [5]: Xhosa, Zulu, Swati, Ndebele, Ngoni2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.5. TSWA-RONGA [4]: Tswa, Tonga, Tsonga, Ronga2.2.2.2.3.9.2.2.2.2.2.2.13.6. CHOPI [2]: Chopi, Tonga-Inhambane______________________________________________________________________Prev: NIGER-KORDOFANIAN Up: INDEX Next: AFRO-ASIATIC

NILO-SAHARAN [138]

1. SONGHAI [1]: Songhai2. SAHARAN [5]:2.1. WESTERN [3]:2.1.1. KANURI [2]: Kanuri, Kanembu2.1.2. TUBU [1]: Tubu2.2. EASTERN [2]: Zagawa, Berti3. MAGAN [6]:3.0. [2]: Mimi<1>, Mimi<2>3.1. MABANG [4]:3.1.0. [2]: Mabang, Mesalit3.1.1. RUNGA-KIBET [2]: Runga, Kibet4. FUR [2]: Fur, Biltine5. EAST SUDANIC [80]:5.1. EASTERN [18]:5.1.1. NUBIAN [5]:5.1.1.1. WESTERN [1]: Meidob5.1.1.2. CENTRAL [3]: Birgid, Debri, Dongolawi5.1.1.3. NORTHERN [1]: Mahas5.1.2. SURMA [8]:5.1.2.0. [3]: Murle, Bale, Zilmamu5.1.2.1. MAJANG-SHABO [2]: Majang, Shabo5.1.2.2. KWEGU [3]: Kwegu, Suri, Me'en5.1.3. NERA [1]: Nera5.1.4. EASTERN JEBEL [4]:

5.1.4.0. [1]: Gaam5.1.4.1. AKA-KELO-MOLO [3]: Aka, Kelo, Molo5.2. WESTERN [15]:5.2.1. NYIMANG [2]: Nyimang, Dinik5.2.1. TEMEIN [3]: Ronge, Doni, Dese5.2.3. TAMA [3]:5.2.3.0. [1]: Merarit5.2.3.1. TAMA-SUNGOR [2]: Tama, Sungor5.2.4. DAJU [7]:5.2.4.1. EASTERN [2]: Shatt, Liguri5.2.4.2. WESTERN [5]: Mongo, Sila, Nyala, Lagawa, Nyalgulgule5.3. NILOTIC [44]:5.3.1. WESTERN [21]:5.3.1.1. LUO [14]:5.3.1.1.1. NORTHERN [7]:5.3.1.1.1.0. [5]: Shilluk, Anuak, Jur, Thuri, Bor<1>5.3.1.1.1.1. MABAN-BURUN [2]: Maban, Burun5.3.1.1.2. SOUTHERN [7]:5.3.1.1.2.0. [3]: Labwor, Lwo, Adhola5.3.1.1.2.1. LUO-ACHOLI [4]:5.3.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Luo5.3.1.1.2.1.1. ALUR-ACHOLI [3]:5.3.1.1.2.1.1.0. [1]: Alur5.3.1.1.2.1.1.1. LANGO-ACHOLI [2]: Lango, Acholi5.3.1.2. DINKA-NUER [7]:5.3.1.2.1. NUER [2]: Nuer, Atuot5.3.1.2.2. DINKA [5]: Agar, Bor<2>, Padang, Rek, Kumam5.3.2. EASTERN [9]:5.3.2.1. BARI [2]: Bari, Kakwa5.3.2.2. LOTUXO-TESO [7]:5.3.2.2.1. LOTUXO-MAA [3]:5.3.2.2.1.1. LOTUXO [1]: Lotuxo5.3.2.2.1.2. ONGAMO-MAA [2]: Ongamo, Maasai5.3.2.2.2. TESO-TURKANA [4]: Karamojong, Topotha, Turkana, Teso5.3.3. SOUTHERN [14]:5.3.3.1. KALENJIN [12]:5.3.3.1.1. NANDI-MARKWETA [5]: Nandi, Kipsikiis, Keiyo, Tuken, Markweta5.3.3.1.2. ELGON [5]:5.3.3.1.2.0. [2]: Sapiny, Kony

5.3.3.1.2.1. POK-TERIK [3]: Pok, Ng'oma, Terik5.3.3.1.3. OKIEK [1]: Okiek5.3.3.1.4. PAKOT [1]: Pakot5.3.3.2. TATO [2]: Omotik, Datooga5.4. KULIAK [3]:5.4.0. [1]: Ik5.4.1. NGANGEA-SO [2]: Ngangea, So6. CENTRAL SUDANIC [36]:6.1. WEST CENTRAL [24]:6.1.1. KRESH [2]: Kresh, Aja6.1.2. BONGO-BAGIRMI [22]:6.1.2.1. BONGO [4]: Baka, Beli, Bongo, Morokodo6.1.2.2. SINYAR [1]: Sinyar6.1.2.3. SARA-BAGIRMI [14]:6.1.2.3.1. SARA [6]:6.1.2.3.1.0. [1]: Vale6.1.2.3.1.1. SARA PROPER [5]: Gambai, Kaba, Kaba Dunjo, Mbai, Sara6.1.2.3.2. BAGIRMI [8]: Babalia, Bagirmi, Fongoro, Disa, Gele, Gula, Kenga, Kuka6.1.2.4. KARA [3]: Furu, Kara, Yulu6.2. EAST CENTRAL [12]:6.2.1. MORU-MADI [6]:6.2.1.1. NORTHERN [1]: Moru6.2.1.2. CENTRAL [4]: Avukaya, Kaliko, Logo, Logbara6.2.1.3. SOUTHERN [1]: Madi6.2.2. MANGBETU-ASUA [2]: Magbetu, Asua6.2.3. MANGBUTU-EFE [3]: Mamvu, Mangbutu, Ndo6.2.4. BALENDRU [1]: Balendru7. BERTA [1]: Berta8. KUNAMA [1]: Kunama9. KOMUZ [6]:9.1. GUMUZ [1]: Bega9.2. KOMAN [5]:9.2.1. ANEJ [1]: Anej9.2.2. KWAMA-OPO [4]:9.2.2.1. KWAMA [1]: Kwama9.2.2.2. KOMO-OPO [3]:9.2.2.2.1. OPO [1]: Opo9.2.2.2.2. KOMO-TWAMPA [2]: Komo, Twampa______________________________________________________________________

Prev: NILO-SAHARAN Up: INDEX Next: CAUCASIAN

AFRO-ASIATIC [241+17]

1. +ANCIENT EGYPTIAN [0+2]: +Ancient Egyptian, +Coptic2. BERBER [30+2]:2.1. +GUANCHE [0+1]: +Guanche2.2. +EAST NUMIDIAN [0+1]: +East Numidian (= Old Libyan)2.3. BERBER PROPER [30]:2.3.1. EASTERN [4]:2.3.1.0. [1]: Siwa2.3.1.1. AWJILA-SOKNA [3]: Awjila, Sokna, Ghadames2.3.2. TUAREG [3]:2.3.2.1. NORTHERN [1]: Tamahaq2.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Tamazheq, Tamasheq2.3.3. WESTERN [1]: Zenaga2.3.4. NORTHERN [22]:2.3.4.1. ATLAS [2]: Shilha, Tamazight2.3.4.2. KABYLE [1]: Kabyle2.3.4.3. ZENATI [19]:2.3.4.3.0. [7]: Shawiya, Tidikelt, Tuat, Riff, Ghmara, Tlemcen, Sheliff Basin2.3.4.3.1. MZAB-WARGLA [5]: Gurara, Mzab, Wargla, Ghardaia, Tugurt2.3.4.3.2. EAST ZENATI [7]: Tmagurt, Sened, Jerba, Tamezret, Taujjut, Zwara, Nefusi3. CHADIC [123]:3.1. MASA [5]: Masa, Zime, Mesme, Marba, Musey3.2. EAST [28]:3.2.1. GROUP A [13]:3.2.1.1. SOMRAI [7]:3.2.1.1.1. GROUP 1 [3]: Somrai, Tumak, Ndam3.2.1.1.2. GROUP 2 [4]: Sarwa, Gadang, Mod, Miltu3.2.1.2. NANCERE [4]:3.2.1.2.1. GROUP 1 [2]: Nancere, Lele3.2.1.2.2. GROUP 2 [2]: Gabri, Kabalai3.2.1.3. KERA [2]: Kera, Kwang3.2.2. GROUP B [15]:3.2.2.0. [1]: Mokulu

3.2.2.1. DANGLA [11]:3.2.2.1.1. GROUP 1 [6]: Dangla, Migama, Mahwa, Jegu, Mogum, Bidiyo3.2.2.1.2. GROUP 2 [5]: Mubi, Masmaje, Kajakse, Kujarge, Toram3.2.2.2. SOKORO [3]: Sokoro, Barain, Saba3.3. BIU-MANDARA [37]:3.3.1. GROUP A [32]:3.3.1.1. TERA [4]:3.3.1.1.1. GROUP 1 [2]: Tera, Jara3.3.1.1.2. GROUP 2 [2]: Ga'anda, Hona3.3.1.2. BURA-MANDARA [21]:3.3.1.2.1. BURA-HIGI [7]:3.3.1.2.1.1. BURA [5]:3.3.1.2.1.1.1. GROUP 1 [3]: Bura, Chibak, Putai3.3.1.2.1.1.2. GROUP 2 [2]: Margi, Kilba3.3.1.2.1.2. HIGI [2]: Higi, Bana3.3.1.2.2. MANDARA-MATAKAM [14]:3.3.1.2.2.0. [1]: Sukur3.3.1.2.2.1. MANDARA [7]:3.3.1.2.2.1.0. [1]: Lamang3.3.1.2.2.1.1. MANDARA PROPER [6]:3.3.1.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Mandara, Paduko3.3.1.2.2.1.1.1. GLAVDA [4]: Glavda, Guduf, Dghwede, Gvoko3.3.1.2.2.2. MATAKAM [6]: Mafa, Mofu, Gisiga, Mada, Hurza, Muktele3.3.1.3. DABA [3]: Daba, Gawar, Hina3.3.1.4. BATA [4]:3.3.1.4.0. [1]: Gudu3.3.1.4.1. BATA PROPER [3]: Bata, Gude, Nzangi3.3.2. GROUP B [5]:3.3.2.0. [2]: Musgu, Gidar3.3.2.1. KOTOKO [3]:3.3.2.1.0. [1]: Buduma3.3.2.1.1. KOTOKO PROPER [2]: Kotoko, Logone3.4. WEST [53]:3.4.1. GROUP A [32]:3.4.1.1. HAUSA [2]: Hausa, Gwandara3.4.1.2. BOLE-ANGAS [24]:3.4.1.2.1. BOLE-TANGALE [14]:3.4.1.2.1.1. BOLE [10]:3.4.1.2.1.1.0. [1]: Karekare

3.4.1.2.1.1.1. BOLE PROPER [9]: Bole, Bele, Ngamo, Maha, Kirfi, Deno, Kubi, Galambu, Gera3.4.1.2.1.2. TANGALE [4]:3.4.1.2.1.2.0. [1]: Kanakuru3.4.1.2.1.2.1. TANGALE PROPER [3]: Tangale, Pero, Kupto3.4.1.2.2. ANGAS [10]:3.4.1.2.2.0. [1]: Gerka3.4.1.2.2.1. ANGAS PROPER [9]:3.4.1.2.2.1.1. GROUP 1 [4]: Angas, Sura, Kofyar, Chip3.4.1.2.2.1.2. GROUP 2 [5]: Goemai, Montol, Tal, Pyapun, Koenoem3.4.1.3. RON [6]:3.4.1.3.0. [1]: Fyer3.4.1.3.1. RON PROPER [5]: Ron, Sha, Kulere, Karfa, Shagawu3.4.2. GROUP B [21]:3.4.2.1. BADE-WARJI [12]:3.4.2.1.1. BADE [3]:3.4.2.1.1.0. [1]: Duwai3.4.2.1.1.1. BADE PROPER [2]: Bade, Ngizim3.4.2.1.2. WARJI [9]: Warji, Pa'a, Siri, Diri, Jimbin, Miya, Mburku, Kariya, Tsagu3.4.2.2. ZAAR [9]:3.4.2.2.1. ZAAR PROPER [5]: Zaar, Barawa, Zeem, Polchi, Geji3.4.2.2.2. GURUNTUM [2]: Guruntum, Ju3.4.2.2.3. BOGHOM [2]: Boghom, Mangas4. OMOTIC [34]:4.1. SOUTH [3]: Hamar, Ari, Dime4.2. NORTH [31]:4.2.1. DIZOID [4]: Dizi, Dorsha, Shako, Nao4.2.2. MAO [4]: Bambeshi, Hozo, Sezo, Ganza4.2.3. GONGA-GIMOJAN [23]:4.2.3.1. GONGA [8]:4.2.3.1.1. SOUTH [3]: Kafa, Mocha, Bosha4.2.3.1.2. CENTRAL [1]: Anfillo4.2.3.1.3. NORTH [4]: Naga, Guba, Boro, Amuru4.2.3.2. GIMOJAN [15]:4.2.3.2.1. JANJERO [2]: Janjero, Fuga4.2.3.2.2. OMETO-GIMIRA [13]:4.2.3.2.2.1. GIMIRA [2]: Bencho, She

4.2.3.2.2.2. CHARA [1]: Chara4.2.3.2.2.3. OMETO [10]:4.2.3.2.2.3.1. WEST [1]: Basketo4.2.3.2.2.3.2. SOUTH [1]: Male4.2.3.2.2.3.3. CENTRAL [2]: Oyda, Ometo4.2.3.2.2.3.4. EAST [6]: Zayse, Zergulla, Ganjule, Gidiccho, Gatsame, Koyra5. CUSHITIC [35+1]:5.1. BEJA [1]: Beja5.2. CUSHITIC PROPER [34+1]:5.2.1. CENTRAL CUSHITIC [5]:5.2.1.1. SOUTH [1]: Awngi5.2.1.2. NORTH [4]:5.2.1.2.0. [2]: Xamir, Kemant (= Falasha)5.2.1.2.1. BILIN-XAMTA [2]: Bilin, Xamta5.2.2. EASTERN CUSHITIC [22+1]:5.2.2.1. HIGHLAND [5]:5.2.2.1.0. [1]: Burji5.2.2.1.1. SIDAMO [4]:5.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Sidamo, Gedeo5.2.2.1.1.1. KAMBATA-HADIYYA [2]: Kambata, Hadiyya5.2.2.2. YAAKUAN-DULLAY [5]:5.2.2.2.1. YAAKUAN [1]: Yaaku5.2.2.2.2. DULLAY [4]: Harso, Gawwada, Tsamay, Birale5.2.2.3. LOWLAND [12+1]:5.2.2.3.1. AFAR-SAHO [2]: Afar, Saho5.2.2.3.2. OMO-TANA [6+1]:5.2.2.3.2.1. GALABOID [2+1]: Dasenech, +Elmolo, Arbore5.2.2.3.2.2. BAYSO [1]: Bayso5.2.2.3.2.3. SAM [3]:5.2.2.3.2.3.0. [1]: Rendille5.2.2.3.2.3.1. SOMALI-AWEER [2]: Somali, Aweer5.2.2.3.3. OROMOID [4]:5.2.2.3.3.0. [1]: Oromo5.2.2.3.3.1. KONSOID [3]: Bussa, Gidole, Konso5.2.3. SOUTHERN CUSHITIC [7]:5.2.3.1. DAHALO [1]: Dahalo5.2.3.2. MA'A [1]: Ma'a5.2.3.3. RIFT [5]:5.2.3.3.1. EAST [2]: Asa, Kw'adza5.2.3.3.2. WEST [3]: Iraqw, Alagwa, Burunge6. SEMITIC [19+12]:

6.0. [0+1]: +Eblaic6.1. +EAST [0+1]: +Akkadian6.2. WEST [19+10]:6.2.1. CENTRAL [6+7]:6.2.1.1. ARAMAIC [2+2]: +Old Aramaic, +Syriac, Assyrian, Aramaic6.2.1.2. ARABO-CANAANITE [4+5]:6.2.1.2.1. CANAANITE [1+4]: +Classical Hebrew, Hebrew, +Phoenician, +Ugaritic, +Moabite6.2.1.2.2. ARABIC [3+1]: +Classical Arabic, Eastern Arabic, Western Arabic, Maltese6.2.2. SOUTH [13+3]:6.2.2.0. [1+1]: +Epigraphic South Arabian, South Arabian6.2.2.1. ETHIOPIC [12+2]:6.2.2.1.1. NORTH [2+1]:6.2.2.1.1.0. [0+1]: +Geez6.2.2.1.1.1. NORTH PROPER [2]: Tigre, Tigrinya6.2.2.1.2. SOUTH [10+1]:6.2.2.1.2.1. TRANSVERSAL [4]:6.2.2.1.2.1.1. AMHARIC-ARGOBBA [2]: Amharic, Argobba6.2.2.1.2.1.2. EAST GURAGE-HARARI [2]: Harari, East Gurage6.2.2.1.2.2. OUTER [6+1]:6.2.2.1.2.2.1. N-GROUP [2+1]:6.2.2.1.2.2.1.0. [0+1]: +Gafat6.2.2.1.2.2.1.1. N-NORTH GURAGE [2]: Soddo, Goggot6.2.2.1.2.2.2. TT-GROUP [4]:6.2.2.1.2.2.2.1. TT-NORTH GURAGE [1]: Muher6.2.2.1.2.2.2.2. WEST GURAGE [3]:6.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Masqan6.2.2.1.2.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL [2]: Central West Gurage, Peripheral West Gurage______________________________________________________________________Prev: AFRO-ASIATIC Up: INDEX Next: INDO-HITTITE

CAUCASIAN [38]

1. SOUTH [4]:1.0. [2]: Georgian, Svan1.1. ZAN [2]: Mingrelian, Laz2. NORTH [34]:2.1. NORTHWEST [5]:2.1.0. [1]: Ubyx2.1.1. ABXAZ-ABAZA [2]: Abxaz, Abaza2.1.1. CIRCASSIAN [2]: Adygh, Kabardian2.2. NORTHEAST [29]:2.2.1. NAX [3]:2.2.1.0. [1]: Bats2.2.1.1. CHECHEN-INGUSH [2]: Chechen, Ingush2.2.2. DAGESTAN [26]:2.2.2.1. AVARO-ANDI-DIDO [14]:2.2.2.1.1. AVAR [1]: Avar2.2.2.1.2. ANDI [8]: Andi, Botlix, Godoberi, Camalal, Bagulal, Tindi, Karata, Axvax2.2.2.1.3. DIDO [5]:2.2.2.1.3.0. [1]: Xvarshi2.2.2.1.3.1. DIDO-HINUX [2]: Dido, Hinux2.2.2.1.3.2. BEZHTA-HUNZIB [2]: Bezhta, Hunzib2.2.2.2. LAK-DARGWA [2]: Lak, Dargwa2.2.2.3. LEZGIAN [10]:2.2.2.3.0. [2]: Archi, Xinalug2.2.2.3.1. LEZGIAN PROPER [8]: Lezgi, Tabasaran, Agul, Rutul, Tsaxur, Kryts, Budux, Udi______________________________________________________________________Prev: CAUCASIAN Up: INDEX Next: URALIC-YUKAGHIR

INDO-HITTITE [144+36]

1. +ANATOLIAN [0+5]:1.0. [0+3]: +Hittite, +Palaic, +Lydian1.1. +LUWOID [0+2]: +Luwian, +Lycian2. INDO-EUROPEAN [144+31]:2.1. ARMENIAN [1+1]: +Classical Armenian, Armenian2.2. +TOCHARIAN [0+2]: +Tocharian A, +Tocharian B2.3. INDO-IRANIAN [93+10]:2.3.1. INDIC [48+1]:

2.3.1.0. [0+1]: +Sanskrit2.3.1.1. ROMANY [1]: Romany2.3.1.2. SINHALESE-MALDIVIAN [3]: Maldivian, Sinhalese, Vedda2.3.1.3. NORTHERN INDIA [44]:2.3.1.3.1. DARDIC [16]:2.3.1.3.1.1. CENTRAL [5]: Bashkarik, Maiya, Tirahi, Torwali, Wotapuri2.3.1.3.1.2. CHITRAL [2]: Kalasha, Khowar2.3.1.3.1.3. KUNAR [5]: Dameli, Gawar-bati, Shumashti, Nangalami, Pashai2.3.1.3.1.4. SHINA [4]: Dumaki, Phalura, Shina, Kashmiri2.3.1.3.2. WESTERN [4]:2.3.1.3.2.1. SOUTH [2]: Marathi, Konkani2.3.1.3.2.2. NORTHWEST [2]: Sindhi, Lahnda2.3.1.3.3. CENTRAL [16]: Parya, Baluj, Panjabi, Marwari, Banjari, Malvi, Gade Lohar, Gujarati, Bhili, Khandeshi, Hindi, Urdu, Dogri, Western Pahari, Garhwali, Kumauni2.3.1.3.4. EAST-CENTRAL [5]:2.3.1.3.4.0. [2]: Nepali, Awadhi2.3.1.3.4.1. BIHARI [3]: Bhojpuri, Maithili, Magahi2.3.1.3.5. EASTERN [3]:2.3.1.3.5.0. [1]: Oriya2.3.1.3.5.1. BENGALI-ASSAMESE [2]: Bengali, Assamese2.3.2. NURISTANI [5]: Ashkun, Kalasha-ala, Kati, Tregami, Wasi-weri2.3.3. IRANIAN [40+9]:2.3.3.1. EASTERN [12+6]:2.3.3.1.1. NORTHEAST [10+6]:2.3.3.1.1.1. WEST SCYTHIAN [1+1]: +Scythian, Ossetic2.3.3.1.1.2. +KHWAREZMIAN [0+2]: +Avestan, +Khwarezmian2.3.3.1.1.3. SOGDIAN [1+1]: +Sogdian, Yaghnobi2.3.3.1.1.4. +BACTRIAN [0+1]: +Bactrian2.3.3.1.1.5. EAST SCYTHIAN [8+1]:2.3.3.1.1.5.0. [1+1]: +Saka, Pashto2.3.3.1.1.5.1. PAMIR [7]:2.3.3.1.1.5.1.1. WAKHI [1]: Wakhi2.3.3.1.1.5.1.2. MUNJI-YIDGHA [2]: Munji, Yidgha

2.3.3.1.1.5.1.3. SANGLECHI-ISHKASHMI [2]: Sanglechi, Ishkashmi2.3.3.1.1.5.1.4. SHUGHNI-YAZGULAMI [2]: Shughni, Yazgulami2.3.3.1.2. SOUTHEAST [2]: Parachi, Ormuri2.3.3.2. WESTERN [28+3]:2.3.3.2.1. NORTHWEST [21+2]:2.3.3.2.1.0. [0+2]: +Median, +Parthian2.3.3.2.1.1. CENTRAL IRAN [8]: Yazdi, Nayini, Natazi, Soi, Khunsari, Gazi, Sivandi, Vafsi2.3.3.2.1.2. SEMNANI [2]: Semnani, Sangisari2.3.3.2.1.3. CASPIAN [2]: Gilaki, Mazanderani2.3.3.2.1.4. TALYSH [2]: Talysh, Harzani2.3.3.2.1.5. ZAZA-GORANI [2]: Zaza, Gorani2.3.3.2.1.6. BALUCHI [2]: Baluchi, Bashkardi2.3.3.2.1.7. KURDISH [3]: Kirmanji, Kurdi, Kermanshahi2.3.3.2.2. SOUTHWEST [7+1]:2.3.3.2.2.1. PERSIAN [2+1]: +Old Persian, Farsi (= Persian), Tajiki2.3.3.2.2.2. TATI [1]: Tati2.3.3.2.2.3. FARS [2]: Fars, Lari2.2.3.2.2.4. LURI [2]: Luri, Kumzari2.4. ALBANIAN [1]: Albanian2.5. GREEK [2+1]: +Classical Greek, Greek, Tsakonian2.6. ITALIC [16+7]:2.6.1. +OSCO-UMBRIAN [0+3]: +Oscan, +Umbrian, +Sabellian2.6.2. LATINO-FALISCAN [16+4]:2.6.2.0. [0+2]: +Faliscan, +Latin2.6.2.1. ROMANCE [16+2]:2.6.2.1.1. SARDINIAN [1]: Sardinian2.6.2.1.2. CONTINENTAL [15+2]:2.6.2.1.2.1. EASTERN [4]:2.6.2.1.2.1.1. NORTH [2]: Rumanian, Istro-Rumanian2.6.2.1.2.1.2. SOUTH [2]: Megleno-Rumanian, Arumanian2.6.2.1.2.2. WESTERN [11+2]:2.6.2.1.2.2.1. ITALO-ROMANCE [1+1]:2.6.2.1.2.2.1.1. +DALMATIAN [0+1]: +Dalmatian2.6.2.1.2.2.1.2. ITALIAN [1]: Italian2.6.2.1.2.2.2. RHAETO-ROMANCE [3]: Friulian, Ladin, Romansch2.6.2.1.2.2.3. GALLO-IBERO-ROMANCE [7+1]:

2.6.2.1.2.2.3.1. GALLO-ROMANCE [3]:2.6.2.1.2.2.3.1.1. NORTH [2]: Franco-Provençal, French2.6.2.1.2.2.3.1.2. SOUTH [1]: Provençal2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2. IBERO-ROMANCE [4+1]:2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1. NORTH [4]:2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1.1. EASTERN [1]: Catalan2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1.2. CENTRAL [1]: Spanish2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.1.3. WESTERN [2]: Galician, Portuguese2.6.2.1.2.2.3.2.2. +SOUTH [0+1]: +Mozarabic2.7. CELTIC [4+3]:2.7.1. +CONTINENTAL [0+1]: +Gaulish2.7.2. INSULAR [4+2]:2.7.2.1. GOIDELIC [2+1]: Irish (= Gaelic), Scottish Gaelic, +Manx2.7.2.2. BRYTHONIC [2+1]: Breton, Welsh, +Cornish2.8. GERMANIC [12+4]:2.8.1. +EAST [0+3]: +Gothic, +Vandalic, +Burgundian2.8.2. NORTH [5+1]:2.8.2.0. [0+1]: +Runic2.8.2.1. EAST [2]: Danish, Swedish2.8.2.2. WEST [3]: Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese2.8.3. WEST [7]:2.8.3.1. CONTINENTAL [5]:2.8.3.1.1. EAST [3]: German, Yiddish, Luxembourgeois2.8.3.1.2. WEST [2]: Dutch, Afrikaans2.8.3.2. NORTH SEA [2]: Frisian, English2.9. BALTO-SLAVIC [15+3]:2.9.1. BALTIC [2+1]:2.9.1.1. +WEST [0+1]: +Old Prussian2.9.1.2. EAST [2]: Latvian, Lithuanian2.9.2. SLAVIC [13+2]:2.9.2.1. EAST [3]:2.9.2.1.2. NORTH [2]: Russian, Byelorussian2.9.2.1.2. SOUTH [1]: Ukrainian2.9.2.2. WEST [6+1]:2.9.2.2.1. NORTH [2+1]: Polish, Kashubian, +Polabian2.9.2.2.2. CENTRAL [2]: Upper Sorbian, Lower Sorbian2.9.2.2.3. SOUTH [2]: Czech, Slovak2.9.2.3. SOUTH [4+1]:2.9.2.3.0. [0+1]: +Old Church Slavonic2.9.2.3.1. WEST [2]: Slovene, Serbo-Croatian2.9.2.3.2. EAST [2]: Macedonian, Bulgarian

______________________________________________________________________Prev: INDO-HITTITE Up: INDEX Next: ALTAIC

URALIC-YUKAGHIR [24+3]

1. YUKAGHIR [1+2]: Yukaghir, +Chuvantsy, +Omok2. URALIC [23+1]:2.1. SAMOYED [4+1]:2.1.1. NORTH [3]: Nenets, Enets, Nganasan2.1.2. SOUTH [1+1]: Selkup, +Kamas2.2. FINNO-UGRIC [19]:2.2.1. UGRIC [3]:2.2.1.0. [1]: Hungarian2.2.1.1. OB-UGRIC [2]: Xanty, Mansi2.2.2. FINNIC [16]:2.2.2.1. PERMIC [2]: Udmurt, Komi2.2.2.2. VOLGAIC [2]: Mari, Mordvin2.2.2.3. NORTH FINNIC [12]:2.2.2.3.1. SAAMIC (= LAPPIC) [3]: Northern Saami, Eastern Saami, Southern Saami2.2.2.3.2. BALTIC FINNIC [9]: Finnish, Ingrian, Karelian, Olonets, Ludic, Vepsian, Votic, Estonian, Livonian______________________________________________________________________Prev: URALIC-YUKAGHIR Up: INDEX Next: CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN

ALTAIC [63+3]

1. ALTAIC PROPER [59+3]:1.1. TURKIC [31+1] :1.1.0. [0+1]: +Old Turkic1.1.1. BOLGAR [1]: Chuvash1.1.2. COMMON TURKIC [30]:1.1.2.1. SOUTHERN [7]:1.1.2.1.0. [5]: Khalaj, Gagauz, Turkish, Crimean Turkish, Turkmen1.1.2.1.1. AZERBAIJANI [2]: Azerbaijani, Qashqay1.1.2.2. EASTERN [3]: Uighur, Uzbek, Salar

1.1.2.3. WESTERN [7]:1.1.2.3.0. [1]: Bashkir1.1.2.3.1. KUMYK-KARACHAY [3]: Karachay, Karaim, Kumyk1.1.2.3.2. TATAR [3]: Tatar, Baraba, Crimean Tatar1.1.2.4. CENTRAL [4]: Nogai, Karakalpak, Kazakh, Kirghiz1.1.2.5. NORTHERN [9]:1.1.2.5.1. YAKUT [2]: Yakut, Dolgan1.1.2.5.2. TUVA-ALTAI [7]:1.1.2.5.2.0. [1]: Khakas1.1.2.5.2.1. ALTAI [2]: Altai, Northern Altai1.1.2.5.2.2. CHULYM-SHOR [2]: Chulym, Shor1.1.2.5.2.3. TUVA-KARAGAS [2]: Tuva, Karagas1.2. MONGOLIAN-TUNGUS [28+2]:1.2.1. MONGOLIAN [12+1]:1.2.1.0. [0+1]: +Classical Mongolian1.2.1.1. WESTERN [1]: Moghol1.2.1.2. EASTERN [11]:1.2.1.2.1. DAGUR [1]: Dagur1.2.1.2.2. MONGUOR [4]: Monguor, Yellow Uighur, Pao-an, Santa1.2.1.2.3. OIRAT-KHALKHA [6]:1.2.1.2.3.1. OIRAT-KALMYK [2]: Oirat, Kalmyk1.2.1.2.3.2. KHALKHA-BURIAT [4]:1.2.1.2.3.2.1. BURIAT [1]: Buriat1.2.1.2.3.2.2. MONGOLIAN PROPER [3]: Khalkha, Khorchin, Ordos1.2.2. TUNGUS [16+1]:1.2.2.1. NORTHERN [6]:1.2.2.1.0. [2]: Even, Negidal1.2.2.1.1. EVENKI [4]: Evenki, Solon, Manegir, Orochon1.2.2.2. SOUTHERN [10+1]:1.2.2.2.1. SOUTHWESTERN [1+1]: +Ju-chen, Manchu1.2.2.2.2. SOUTHEASTERN [9]:1.2.2.2.2.1. NANAJ [7]: Akani, Birar, Gold, Kile, Olcha, Orok, Samagir1.2.2.2.2.2. UDIHE [2]: Oroch, Udihe2. KOREAN-JAPANESE [4]:2.0. [2]: Korean, Ainu2.1. JAPANESE-RYUKYUAN [2]: Japanese, Ryukyuan______________________________________________________________________

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CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN [5]

1. NORTHERN [4]:1.1. CHUKCHI [1]: Chukchi1.2. KORYAK-ALYUTOR [3]: Kerek, Koryak, Alyutor2. SOUTHERN [1]: Kamchadal______________________________________________________________________Prev: CHUKCHI-KAMCHATKAN Up: INDEX Next: ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN

ESKIMO-ALEUT [9]

1. ALEUT [1]: Aleut2. ESKIMO [8]:2.1. INUIT [3]: Alaskan Inuit, Canadian Inuit, Greenlandic2.2. YUPIK [5]:2.2.1. ALASKAN [2]: Alutiiq, Central Yupik2.2.2. SIBERIAN [3]:2.2.2.0. [1]: Sirenik2.2.2.1. CHAPLINO-NAUKAN [2]: Chaplino, Naukan______________________________________________________________________Prev: ESKIMO-ALEUT Up: INDEX Next: SINO-TIBETAN

ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN [28+1]

1. +ELAMITE [0+1]: +Elamite2. DRAVIDIAN [28]:2.1. NORTHWEST [1]: Brahui2.2. DRAVIDIAN PROPER [27]:2.2.1. NORTHEAST [2]: Kurux, Malto2.2.2. CENTRAL [13]:2.2.2.1. KOLAMI-PARJI [4]:2.2.2.1.1. KOLAMI-NAIKI [2]: Kolami, Naiki2.2.2.1.2. PARJI-GADABA [2]: Parji, Gadaba2.2.2.2. TELUGU-KUI [9]:2.2.2.2.1. GONDI-KUI [7]:

2.2.2.2.1.1. GONDI-KOYA [2]: Gondi, Koya2.2.2.2.1.2. KONDA-KUI [5]:2.2.2.2.1.2.0. [1]: Konda2.2.2.2.1.2.1. MANDA-KUI [4]:2.2.2.2.1.2.1.1. MANDA-PENGO [2]: Manda, Pengo2.2.2.2.1.2.2.2. KUI-KUVI [2]: Kui, Kuvi2.2.2.2.2. TELUGU [2]: Telugu, Savara2.2.3. SOUTH [12]:2.2.3.1. TULU [3]: Tulu, Bellari, Koraga2.2.3.2. TAMIL-KANNADA [9]:2.2.3.2.1. KANNADA [2]: Kannada, Badaga2.2.3.2.2. TAMIL-KODAGU [7]:2.2.3.2.2.1. KODAGU [2]: Kodagu, Kurumba2.2.3.2.2.2. TODA-KOTA [2]: Toda, Kota2.2.3.2.2.3. TAMIL-IRULA [3]:2.2.3.2.2.3.0. [1]: Irula2.2.3.2.2.3.1. TAMIL [2]: Tamil, Malayalam______________________________________________________________________Prev: ELAMO-DRAVIDIAN Up: INDEX Next: AUSTRIC

SINO-TIBETAN [258+10]

1. SINITIC [12+1]:1.1. BAI [4]: Eryuan, Hoking, Bai, Tali1.2. CHINESE [8+1]:1.2.0. [0+1]: +Archaic Chinese1.2.1. MIN [2]: Northern Min, Southern Min1.2.2. MANDARIN-YUE [6]:1.2.2.1. MANDARIN [1]: Mandarin1.2.2.2. XIANG [1]: Xiang1.2.2.3. WU [1]: Wu1.2.2.4. GAN-KEJIA [2]: Gan, Kejia1.2.2.5. YUE [1]: Yue (= Cantonese)2. TIBETO-KAREN [246+9]:2.1. KAREN [14]:2.1.1. PHO [4]:2.1.1.0. [1]: Pa-o2.1.1.1. PHO-PHLON [3]: Pho, Leke, Phlon2.1.2. SGAW-BWE [10]:2.1.2.0. [1]: Brec2.1.2.1. KAYAH [2]: Kayah, Yinbaw

2.1.2.2. BWE [4]: Bwe, Geba, Gekho, Padaung2.1.2.3. SGAW [3]: Sgaw, Pakü, Mopwa2.2. TIBETO-BURMAN [232+9]:2.2.1. TIBETIC [75+2]:2.2.1.0. [2]: Kaman, Hruso2.2.1.1. NEWARI-PAHRI [2]: Newari, Pahri2.2.1.2. DIGARO-MIDU [2]: Digaro, Midu2.2.1.3. DHIMAL-TOTO [2]: Dhimal, Toto2.2.1.4. ADI-NISHI [7]: Lepcha, Adi, Tagen, Nishi, Apatani, Yano, Lho-pa2.2.1.5. BODIC [10+2]:2.2.1.5.0. [4]: Monpa, Gyarung, Kaike, Ghale2.2.1.5.1. TAMANG [4]:2.2.1.5.1.0. [2]: Tamang, Manang2.2.1.5.1.1. GURUNG-THAKALI [2]: Gurung, Thakali2.2.1.5.2. TIBETAN [2+2]: +Classical Tibetan, +Zhang-zhung, Central Tibetan, Western Tibetan2.2.1.6. CENTRAL HIMALAYAN [7]:2.2.1.6.0. [5]: Magar, Raji, Raute, Kham, Kusunda2.2.1.6.1. VAYU-CHEPANG [2]: Vayu, Chepang2.2.1.7. WEST HIMALAYAN [17]:2.2.1.7.1. NORTH [4]: Bunan, Thebor, Sumchu, Sungam2.2.1.7.2. NORTHWEST [7]:2.2.1.7.2.1. KANAURI [4]: Kanauri, Chitkhuli, Tukpa, Kanashi2.2.1.7.2.2. MANCHATI [3]: Manchati, Chamba, Rangloi2.2.1.7.3. ALMORA [4]: Rangkas, Darmiya, Chaudangsi, Byangsi2.2.1.7.4. EASTERN [2]: Thami, Bhramu2.2.1.8. EAST HIMALAYAN [21]:2.2.1.8.1. WESTERN [8]:2.2.1.8.1.0. [2]: Thulung, Chaurasya2.2.1.8.1.1. BAHING [3]: Bahing, Umbule, Sunwar2.2.1.8.1.2. DUMI [3]: Dumi, Khaling, Rai2.2.1.8.2. EASTERN [13]:2.2.1.8.2.1. KHAMBU [3]: Khambu, Nachereng, Kulung2.2.1.8.2.2. BONTAWA [10]:2.2.1.8.2.2.0. [3]: Rodong, Lambichong, Athpare2.2.1.8.2.2.1. LOHORONG [3]: Lohorong, Yakha, Limbu2.2.1.8.2.2.2. WALING [4]: Waling, Rungchenbung, Kiranti, Dungmali

2.2.1.9. DZORGAIC [5]: Ch'iang, Dzorgai, Kortse, Pingfang, Thochu2.2.2. BARIC [16+1]:2.2.2.1. BODO-GARO [7+1]:2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Chutiya2.2.2.1.1. BODO [4+1]: Bodo, Dimasa, Tripuri, Lalung, +Moran2.2.2.1.2. GARO [2]: Garo, Koch2.2.2.2. CHANG-TANGSA [9]: Tangsa, Moshang, Shangge, Nocte, Konyak, Wancho, Phom, Chang, Mon2.2.3. BURMIC [141+6]:2.2.3.1. KUKI-NAGA [71]:2.2.3.1.0. [3]: Meithei, Mikir, Mru2.2.3.1.1. NORTHERN NAGA [8]:2.2.3.1.1.0. [2]: Yimchungru, Lotha2.2.3.1.1.1. SANGTAM [3]: Lophomi, Thukumi, Pochuri2.2.3.1.1.2. AO [3]: Ao, Mongsen, Tengsa2.2.3.1.2. EASTERN NAGA [8]:2.2.3.1.2.1. RENGMA [3]: Rengma, Ntenyi, Meluri2.2.3.1.2.2. SIMI [3]: Kezhama, Mao, Zumomi2.2.3.1.2.3. ANGAMI [2]: Angami, Chakrima2.2.3.1.3. SOUTHERN NAGA [3]: Maring, Tangkhul, Kupome2.2.3.1.4. WESTERN KUKI [5]: Maram, Liangmai, Nruanghmei, Khoirao, Zeme2.2.3.1.5. NORTHERN KUKI [6]: Kamhau, Ralte, Siyin, Thado, Vuite, Zo2.2.3.1.6. OLD KUKI [14]:2.2.3.1.6.0. [1]: Kyao2.2.3.1.6.1. LAMGANG [2]: Lamgang, Anal2.2.3.1.6.2. KOLHRENG [3]: Kolhreng, Kom, Tarao2.2.3.1.6.3. CENTRAL [4]: Chiru, Aimol, Purum, Langrong2.2.3.1.6.4. WESTERN [4]:2.2.3.1.6.4.0. [1]: Southern Luhupa2.2.3.1.6.4.1. NORTHERN [2]: Hrangkhol, Biate2.2.3.1.6.4.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Hallam2.2.3.1.7. CENTRAL KUKI [12]:2.2.3.1.7.0. [1]: Langet2.2.3.1.7.1. MIZO [5]: Mizo, Zahao, Hmar, Pankhu, Paang2.2.3.1.7.2. HAKA [2]: Haka, Shonshe2.2.3.1.7.3. LAKHER [4]: Mara, Tlongsai, Hawthai, Sabeu2.2.3.1.8. SOUTHERN KUKI [12]:

2.2.3.1.8.1. SHO [7]: Sho, Khyeng, Khyang, Thayetmo, Minbu, Chinbon, Lemyo2.2.3.1.8.2. CHINBOK [2]: Chinbok, Ng'men2.2.3.1.8.3. KHAMI [3]: Khami, Khumi, Ngala2.2.3.2. KACHIN-LUIC [19+3]:2.2.3.2.0. [1+1]: Taman, +Chairel2.2.3.2.1. KACHIN [3+1]: Jinghpaw, Hkauri, Hka-hku, +Jili2.2.3.2.2. LUIC [5+1]: +Andro, Sengmai, Kadu, Sak, Chakpa, Phayeng2.2.3.2.3. RAWANG [10]: Krangku, Lungmi, Nung, Rawang, Zithung, Trung, Metu, Melam, Tamalu, Tukiumu2.2.3.3. BURMESE-MOSO [51+3]:2.2.3.3.1. MOSO [2]: Moso, Naxi2.2.3.3.2. BURMESE-LOLO [49+3]:2.2.3.3.2.1. BURMIC [6]:2.2.3.3.2.1.1. NORTHERN [5]: Phun, Achang, Maru, Lashi, Tsaiwa2.2.3.3.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Burmese2.2.3.3.2.2. LOLO [43+3]:2.2.3.3.2.2.0. [3+3]: Daignet, Duampu, Nameji, +Sihia, +Pai-lang, +Tosu2.2.3.3.2.2.1. NORTHERN LOLO [14]:2.2.3.3.2.2.1.0. [11]: Thongho, Pakishan, Kangsiangying, Kiaokio, Nee, Laichau, Tudza, Nuoku, Liang-shan, P'ou-la, Sani2.2.3.3.2.2.1.1. NASÖ [3]: Ulu, Ko-p'u, Weining2.2.3.3.2.2.2. EAST LOLO [2]: Khoany, Mung2.2.3.3.2.2.3. CENTRAL LOLO [6]:2.2.3.3.2.2.3.0. [1]: Lisu2.2.3.3.2.2.3.1. LOLO PROPER [5]: Nyi, Chökö, Ahi, Lolopho, Phupha2.2.3.3.2.2.4. SOUTHERN LOLO [13]:2.2.3.3.2.2.4.1. PHUNOI [6]: Phunoi, Pyen, Bisu, Mpi, Khaskhong, Hwethom2.2.3.3.2.2.4.2. AKHA [7]: Akha, Ako, Asong, Phana, Menghwa, Hani, Lahu2.2.3.3.2.2.5. RESIDUAL LOLO [5]:2.2.3.3.2.2.5.0. [1]: Ugong

2.2.3.3.2.2.5.1. HSIFAN [4]: Manyak, Horpa, Menia, Muli______________________________________________________________________Prev: SINO-TIBETAN Up: INDEX Next: INDO-PACIFIC

AUSTRIC [1175+12]

1. MIAO-YAO [4]:1.1. MIAO [1]: Miao1.2. YAO [3]: Laka, Punu, Mien (= Yao)2. AUSTROASIATIC [155]:2.1. MUNDA [17]:2.1.1. NORTH [8]:2.1.1.1. KORKU [1]: Korku2.1.1.2. KHERWARI [7]:2.1.1.2.1. SANTALI [2]: Santali, Turi2.1.1.2.2. MUNDARI [5]: Mundari, Ho, Korwa, Birhor, Asuri2.1.2. SOUTH [9]:2.1.2.1. CENTRAL [2]: Kharia, Juang2.1.2.2. KORAPUT [7]:2.1.2.2.1. SORA-GORUM [3]:2.1.2.2.1.1. GORUM [1]: Gorum2.1.2.2.1.2. SORA-JURAY [2]: Sora, Juray2.1.2.2.2. GUTOB-REMO-GTA' [4]:2.1.2.2.2.1. GUTOB-REMO [2]: Gutob, Remo2.1.2.2.2.2. GTA' [2]: Plains Gta', Hill Gta'2.2. MON-KHMER [138]:2.2.1. NORTH [43]:2.2.1.1. KHASI [2]: Khasi, Amwi2.2.1.2. PALAUNGIC-KHMUIC [34]:2.2.1.2.0. [1]: Mang2.2.1.2.1. PALAUNGIC [27]:2.2.1.2.1.1. EAST [7]:2.2.1.2.1.1.0. [1]: Danau2.2.1.2.1.1.1. PALAUNG-RIANG [6]:2.2.1.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Riang2.2.1.2.1.1.1.1. PALAUNG [5]: Shwe, Da'ang, Rumai, Bonglong, Pale2.2.1.2.1.2. WEST [20]:2.2.1.2.1.2.1. LAMET-KHAMET [2]: Lamet, Khamet2.2.1.2.1.2.2. WAIC [12]:

2.2.1.2.1.2.2.1. BULANG [5]: Phang, P'uman<2>, Plang, Tai-Loi, Kem Degne2.2.1.2.1.2.2.2. WA-LAWA [7]: Wa, Lawa, La, Palok, Son, En, K'ala2.2.1.2.1.2.3. ANGKUIC [6]: Mok, Angku, Kon Keu, P'uman<1>, Pou Ma, Kiorr2.2.1.2.2. KHMUIC [6]:2.2.1.2.2.1. YUMBRI-MRABRI [2]: Yumbri, Mrabri2.2.1.2.2.2. MAL-KHMU' [4]:2.2.1.2.2.2.0. [1]: Khmu'2.2.1.2.2.2.1. MAL [3]: Mal, Phray, Phaï2.2.1.3. VIET-MUONG [7]:2.2.1.3.1. Group I [3]: Thavung, Pakatan, Arem2.2.1.3.2. Group II [1]: Poong2.2.1.3.3. Group III [2]: Mày, Muòng2.2.1.3.4. Group IV [1]: Vietnamese2.2.2. EAST [72]:2.2.2.1. KATUIC [28]:2.2.2.1.1. WEST [14]:2.2.2.1.1.1. SO-BR\~U [10]: So, Br\~u, Mangkong, Tri, Chali, Khua, Leung, Kaleu, Galler, Vân Kìêu2.2.2.1.1.2. KUY-SUEI [4]: Suei, Na Nhyang, Kuy, Yeu2.2.2.1.2. EAST [14]:2.2.2.1.2.0. [2]: Katang, Tareng2.2.2.1.2.1. PAC\(OH-PHUONG [2]: Pac\(oh, Phuong2.2.2.1.2.2. KATU-THAP [3]: Katu, Kantu, Thap2.2.2.1.2.3. TA-OY-TONG [4]: Ta-Oy, Tong, Ong, Kha In2.2.2.1.2.4. NGEQ-NKRIANG [3]: Ngeq, Nkriang, Kha Koh2.2.2.2. BAHNARIC [37]:2.2.2.2.1. SOUTH [8]:2.2.2.2.1.1. STIENG-CHRAU [2]: Stieng, Chrau2.2.2.2.1.2. SRE-MNONG [6]:2.2.2.2.1.2.0. [2]: Sre, Maa'2.2.2.2.1.2.1. MNONG [4]:2.2.2.2.1.2.1.0. [2]: Eastern Mnong, Biat2.2.2.2.1.2.1.1. SOUTHERN-CENTRAL [2]: Southern Mnong, Central Mnong2.2.2.2.2. WEST [13]:2.2.2.2.2.0. [6]: Loven, Lave, Sok, Sapuan, Cheng, Suq2.2.2.2.2.1. NYAHÖ\'N-PROUAC [2]: Nyahö\'n, Prouac

2.2.2.2.2.2. OI-THE [2]: Oi, The2.2.2.2.2.3. BRAO-KRAVET [3]: Brao, Kru'ng, Kravet2.2.2.2.3. CENTRAL [4]: Bahnar, Alak, Tampuan, Lmam2.2.2.2.4. NORTH [12]:2.2.2.2.4.1. EAST [3]:2.2.2.2.4.1.0. [1]: Takua2.2.2.2.4.1.1. CUA-KAYONG [2]: Cua, Kayong2.2.2.2.4.2. WEST [9]:2.2.2.2.4.2.0. [2]: Rengao, Duan2.2.2.2.4.2.1. JEH-HAL\(ANG [2]: Jeh, Hal\(ang2.2.2.2.4.2.2. SEDANG-TODRAH [5]:2.2.2.2.4.2.2.1. SEDANG [2]: Sedang, Hrê2.2.2.2.4.2.2.2. TODRAH-MONOM [3]:2.2.2.2.4.2.2.2.0. [1]: Monom2.2.2.2.4.2.2.2.1. TODRAH [2]: Modra, Didra2.2.2.3. KHMER [1]: Khmer(= Cambodian)2.2.2.4. PEARIC [6]:2.2.2.4.1. EASTERN [1]: Pear2.2.2.4.2. WESTERN [5]:2.2.2.4.2.0. [1]: Suoy2.2.2.4.2.1. SAMRE [2]: Samre, Somray2.2.2.4.2.2. CHONG [2]: Chong, Sa'och2.2.3. SOUTH [23]:2.2.3.1. MONIC [2]: Mon, Nyah Kur2.2.3.2. ASLIAN [19]:2.2.3.2.1. SEMANG-JAH HUT [15]:2.2.3.2.1.0. [1]: Jah Hut2.2.3.2.1.1. SEMANG-SENOIC [14]:2.2.3.2.1.1.1. SEMANG [9]:2.2.3.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Che' Wong2.2.3.2.1.1.1.1. WESTERN [3]: Kensiu, Kenta' Bong, Mos2.2.3.2.1.1.1.2. EASTERN [5]: Jehai, Mendriq, Bateg Deq, Mintil, Bateg Nong2.2.3.2.1.1.2. SENOIC [5]:2.2.3.2.1.1.2.0. [1]: Semai2.2.3.2.1.1.2.1. NORTH [4]:2.2.3.2.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Temiar2.2.3.2.1.1.2.1.1. LANOH-SEMNAM [3]: Lanoh, Sabum, Semnam2.2.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [4]: Mah Meri, Semaq Beri, Semelai, Temoq2.2.3.3. NICOBAR ISLANDS [2]: Shompen, Nicobarese

3. AUSTRO-TAI [1016+12]: 3.1. DAIC [57]: 3.1.1. LATI-GELAO [2]: Lati, Gelao3.1.2. LI-KAM-TAI [55]:3.1.2.1. LI-LAQUA [3]:3.1.2.1.0. [1]: Li3.1.2.1.1. LAQUA-LAHA [2]: Laqua, Laha3.1.2.2. BE-KAM-TAI [52]:3.1.2.2.0. [1]: Be3.1.2.2.1. LAKKIA-KAM-TAI [51]:3.1.2.2.1.1. LAKKIA [1]: Lakkia3.1.2.2.1.2. KAM-TAI [50]:3.1.2.2.1.2.1. KAM-SUI [6]: Kam, Mak, Sui, Then, Maonan, Mulao3.1.2.2.1.2.2. TAI [44]:3.1.2.2.1.2.2.1. NORTHERN [18]: Ch'ien-chiang, Zhuang, Giay, Hsi-lin, Kwei-yang, Ling-yun, Lung-an, Nhang, Bouyei, Po-se, Qui-chau, Saek, Tien-chow, T'ien-pa, Zhongjia, Tushan, Wu-ming, Yay3.1.2.2.1.2.2.2. CENTRAL [8]: Man Cao-lan, Nung, Tay, Tho, Tien-pao, Ts'un-lao, Yung-chu'un, Lungchow3.1.2.2.1.2.2.3. SOUTHWESTERN [18]: Khamti, Khün, Lao (= Laotian), Lü, Maw, Phu Thai, Phuan, Shan, Thai (= Siamese), Northern Thai, Southern Thai, White Tai, Black Tai, Red Tai, Tay Nua, Ya, Yuan, Yunnan Shant'ou3.2. AUSTRONESIAN [959+12]: 3.2.1. ATAYALIC [2]: Atayal, Sedeq3.2.2. TSOUIC [4]:3.2.2.0. [1]: Rukai3.2.2.1. TSOUIC PROPER [3]:3.2.2.1.1. NORTHERN [1]: Tsou3.2.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Kanakanabu, Saaroa3.2.3. PAIWANIC [8+7]:3.2.3.0. [5]: Bunun, Paiwan, Puyuma, Saisiyat, Ami3.2.3.1. SINICIZED [3+7]: Kavalan, Pazeh, Thao, +Ketangalan, +Basay, +Taokas, +Papora, +Babuza, +Hoanya, +Siraya

3.2.4. MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [945+5]:3.2.4.1. WESTERN MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [374]:3.2.4.1.0. [3]: Chamorro, Palauan, Yapese3.2.4.1.1. NORTHERN PHILIPPINES [53]:3.2.4.1.1.1. NORTHERN LUZON [41]:3.2.4.1.1.1.1. NORTHERN CORDILLERAN [15]:3.2.4.1.1.1.1.0. [6]: Isnag, Yogad, Adasen, Malaweg, Agta, Itawis3.2.4.1.1.1.1.1. GADDANG [2]: Gaddang, Ga'dang3.2.4.1.1.1.1.2. IBANAG-ATTA [2]: Ibanag, Atta3.2.4.1.1.1.1.3. DUMAGAT [5]:3.2.4.1.1.1.1.3.0. [1]: Umiray Dumagat3.2.4.1.1.1.1.3.1. NORTHERN [4]: Southeast Cagayan Agta, Kasiguranin, Casiguran Dumagat, Paranan3.2.4.1.1.1.2. ILOKANO [1]: Ilokano3.2.4.1.1.1.3. SOUTH-CENTRAL CORDILLERAN [25]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1. CENTRAL CORDILLERAN [18]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.0. [1]: Isinai3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.1. KALINGA-ITNEG [5]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.1.0. [1]: Itneg3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.1.1. KALINGA [4]: Kalinga-Itneg, North Kalinga, Central Kalinga, South Kalinga3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2. NUCLEAR CORDILLERAN [12]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.0. [1]: Balangaw3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.1. IFUGAO [3]: Kiangan, Central Ifugao, East Ifugao3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.2. BONTOK-KANKANAY [8]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.2.1. BONTOK [4]: Sadanga, East Bontok, South Bontok, Central Bontok3.2.4.1.1.1.3.1.2.2.2. KANKANAY [4]: Kankanay-Itneg, North Kankanay, Central Kankanay, South Kankanay3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2. SOUTHERN CORDILLERAN [7]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.0. [1]: Ilongot3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1. PANGASINIC [6]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.0. [1]: Pangasinan3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1. BENGUET [5]:3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1.0. [1]: I'wak3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1.1. IBALOI-KARAW [2]: Inibaloi, Karaw

3.2.4.1.1.1.3.2.1.1.2. KALLAHAN [2]: North Kallahan, South Kallahan3.2.4.1.1.2. BASHIIC--CENTRAL LUZON--NORTHERN MINDORO [12]:3.2.4.1.1.2.1. BASHIIC [4]:3.2.4.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Yami3.2.4.1.1.2.1.1. IVATAN [3]: Itbayaten, Ivatanen, Babuyan3.2.4.1.1.2.2. CENTRAL LUZON [5]:3.2.4.1.1.2.2.0. [2]: Sinauna, Kapampangan3.2.4.1.1.2.2.1. SAMBALIC [3]: Tina, Botolan, Bolinao3.2.4.1.1.2.3. NORTHERN MINDORO [3]: Iraya, Alangan, Tadyawan3.2.4.1.2. SOUTHERN PHILIPPINES [23]:3.2.4.1.2.1. SUBANUN [5]:3.2.4.1.2.1.0. [2]: Siocon Subanon, Kalibugan3.2.4.1.2.1.1. EASTERN [3]: Sindangan, Salug, Lapuyan3.2.4.1.2.2. MANOBO [15]:3.2.4.1.2.2.1. NORTH [3]: Kagayanen, Binukid, Kinamigin3.2.4.1.2.2.2. CENTRAL [8]:3.2.4.1.2.2.2.1. SOUTH [3]:3.2.4.1.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Obo3.2.4.1.2.2.2.1.1. ATA-TIGWA [2]: Ata, Tigwa3.2.4.1.2.2.2.2. EAST [3]: Agusan, Dibabawon, Rajah Kabungsuan3.2.4.1.2.2.2.3. WEST [2]: Ilianen, Western Bukidnon3.2.4.1.2.2.3. SOUTH [4]:3.2.4.1.2.2.3.0. [2]: Tagabawa, Sarangani Manobo3.2.4.1.2.2.3.1. COTABATO [2]: Kalamansig, Tasaday3.2.4.1.2.3. DANAO [3]:3.2.4.1.2.3.0. [1]: Magindanao3.2.4.1.2.3.1. MARANAO-IRANON [2]: Maranao, Iranon3.2.4.1.3. MESO-PHILIPPINE [54]:3.2.4.1.3.1. SOUTH MANGYAN [3]:3.2.4.1.3.1.0. [1]: Hanunoo3.2.4.1.3.1.1. BUHID-TAUBUID [2]: Buhid, Taubuid3.2.4.1.3.2. KALAMIAN [2]: Kalamianen, Agutaynen3.2.4.1.3.3. PALAWAN [5]: Batak, Tagbanwa, Palaweño, Molbog, Banggi3.2.4.1.3.4. CENTRAL PHILIPPINES [44]:3.2.4.1.3.4.1. TAGALOG [3]: Tagalog, Lubang, Marinduque3.2.4.1.3.4.2. BIKOL [8]:

3.2.4.1.3.4.2.0. [1]: Pandan3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1. INLAND [5]:3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.0. [1]: Iriga3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1. BUHI-DARAGA [4]:3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.0. [1]: Buhi3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.1. LIBON-DARAGA [3]:3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Libon3.2.4.1.3.4.2.1.1.1.1. OAS-DARAGA [2]: Oas, Daraga3.2.4.1.3.4.2.2. COASTAL [2]: Virac, Naga3.2.4.1.3.4.3. MANSAKAN [8]:3.2.4.1.3.4.3.0. [1]: Davaweño3.2.4.1.3.4.3.1. NORTH [1]: Kamayo3.2.4.1.3.4.3.2. EASTERN [4]:3.2.4.1.3.4.3.2.0. [2]: Isamal, Caraga3.2.4.1.3.4.3.2.1. MANDAYAN [2]: Mandayan, Mansakan3.2.4.1.3.4.3.3. WESTERN [2]: Kalagan, Tagakaolo3.2.4.1.3.4.4. MAMANWA [1]: Mamanwa3.2.4.1.3.4.5. BISAYAN [24]:3.2.4.1.3.4.5.1. SOUTH [5]:3.2.4.1.3.4.5.1.1. SURIGAO [3]: Surigaonon, Jaun-Jaun, Kantilan3.2.4.1.3.4.5.1.2. BUTUAN-TAUSUG [2]: Tausug, Butuanon3.2.4.1.3.4.5.2. CEBUAN [2]: Cebuano, Boholano3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3. CENTRAL [8]:3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.1. WARAYAN [3]:3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.1.0. [1]: Gubat3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.1.1. SAMAR-WARAY [2]: North Samar, Waray3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.2. PERIPHERAL [4]: Camotes, Bantayan, Masbate, Hiligaynon3.2.4.1.3.4.5.3.3. ROMBLON [1]: Romblonanon3.2.4.1.3.4.5.4. BANTON [2]: Banton, Odionganon3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5. WEST [7]:3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.1. KUYAN [2]: Kuyunon, Datagnon3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.2. KINARAYAN [2]: Kinaray-a, Pandan3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.3. NORTH-CENTRAL [2]: Looknon, Bulalakawnon3.2.4.1.3.4.5.5.4. AKLAN [1]: Aklanon3.2.4.1.4. SOUTH MINDANAO [5]:3.2.4.1.4.0. [2]: Bagobo, Tiruray3.2.4.1.4.1. BILIC [3]:3.2.4.1.4.1.0. [1]: Tboli

3.2.4.1.4.1.1. BLAAN [2]: Cotabato Bilaan, Sarangani Bilaan3.2.4.1.5. CELEBES [61]:3.2.4.1.5.1. SANGIR-MINAHASAN [10]:3.2.4.1.5.1.1. SANGIRIC [5]: Talaud, Sangir, Sangil, Bantik, Ratahan3.2.4.1.5.1.2. MINIHASAN [5]: Tonsea, Tondano, Tombulu, Tontemboan, Tonsawang3.2.4.1.5.2. MONGONDOW-GORONTALO [9]:3.2.4.1.5.2.1. MONGONDOW [2]: Ponosakan, Mongondow3.2.4.1.5.2.2. GORONTALO [7]: Bintauna, Kaidipang, Bolango, Atinggola, Suwawa, Gorontalo, Buol3.2.4.1.5.3. CENTRAL SULAWESI [25]:3.2.4.1.5.3.0. [1]: Banggai3.2.4.1.5.3.1. EASTERN [3]: Saluan, Andio, Balantak3.2.4.1.5.3.2. WEST-CENTRAL [21]:3.2.4.1.5.3.2.0. [1]: Balaesan3.2.4.1.5.3.2.1. TOMINI [8]: Tolitoli, Tomini, Bolano, Dondo, Dampelasa, Kasimbar, Petapa, Ndau3.2.4.1.5.3.2.2. KAILI-PAMONA [8]: Kaili, Pipikoro, Lindu, Sedoa, Napu, Bada, Rampi, Pamona3.2.4.1.5.3.2.3. BUNGKU-MORI [4]: Bungku, Mori, Lalaki, Mekongka3.2.4.1.5.4. SOUTH SULAWESI [9]: Makassarese, Bugis, Mandar, Sa'dan, Massenrempulu, Pitu Ulunna Salo, Mamuju, Seko, Wotu3.2.4.1.5.5. MUNA-BUTON [8]: Muna, Wolio, South Buton, Buton, Tukang-Besi, Bonerate, Kalaotoa, Layolo3.2.4.1.6. BORNEO [109]:3.2.4.1.6.0. [1]: Ida'an3.2.4.1.6.1. NORTHEAST [33]:3.2.4.1.6.1.1. MURUT-TIDONG [12]:3.2.4.1.6.1.1.1. MURUT [7]: Selungai Murut, Kolod, Sumambu, Paluan, Timugon, Beaufort Murut, Keningau Murut3.2.4.1.6.1.1.2. TIDONG [5]: Tidong, Sembakung, Baukan, Kalabakan, Serudung3.2.4.1.6.1.2. DUSUN-BISAYA [15]:

3.2.4.1.6.1.2.1. DUSUN [11]: Gana, Kuijau, Kadazan-Dusun, Lotud, Papar, Rungus, Eastern Kadazan, Klias River Kadazan, Kimaragang, Garo, Tebilung3.2.4.1.6.1.2.2. BISAYAN [4]: Tatana, Northern Bisaya, Southern Bisaya, Tutong<1>3.2.4.1.6.1.3. PAITANIC [6]: Dumpas, Lingkabau, Abai Sungai, Tambanua, Upper Kinabatangan, Lobu3.2.4.1.6.2. APO DUAT [5]: Lundayeh, Kelabit, Sa'ban, Lengilu, Putoh3.2.4.1.6.3. REJANG-BARAM [17]:3.2.4.1.6.3.1. LOWER REJANG [3]: Melanau, Kanowit, Tanjong3.2.4.1.6.3.2. REJANG-BINTULU [4]: Bintulu, Lahanan, Kajaman, Bukitan3.2.4.1.6.3.3. BARAM-TINJAR [5]: Lelak, Narom, Kiput, Tutong<2>, Berawan3.2.4.1.6.3.4. REJANG-SAJAU [5]: Punan Bah, Punan Merap, Sajau Basap, Burusu, Basap3.2.4.1.6.4. LAND DAYAK [12]: Silakau, Lara', Jagoi, Singgie, Biatah, Bukar Sadong, Bekati', Benyadu', Kembayan, Ribun, Djongkang, Sanggau3.2.4.1.6.5. KAYAN-KENYAH [29]:3.2.4.1.6.5.0. [1]: Punan-Nibong3.2.4.1.6.5.1. KAYAN [17]:3.2.4.1.6.5.1.0. [1]: Murik Kayan3.2.4.1.6.5.1.1. WESTERN [8]: Rejang Kayan, Baram Kayan, Mendalam Kayan, Kayan Mahakam, Busang, Bahau, Kayan River Kayan, Wahau Kayan3.2.4.1.6.5.1.2. MODANG [2]: Modang, Segai3.2.4.1.6.5.1.3. MULLER-SCHWANER "PUNAN" [6]: Aoheng, Havongan, Kereho-Uheng, Bukat, Punan Aput, Punan Merah3.2.4.1.6.5.2. KENYAH [11]:

3.2.4.1.6.5.2.0. [5]: Bakung Kenyah, Sebob Kenyah, Tutoh Kenyah, Punan Tubu, Wahau Kenyah3.2.4.1.6.5.2.1. MAIN KENYAH [6]: Western Kenyah, Upper Baram Kenyah, Bahau River Kenyah, Kayan River Kenyah, Mahakam Kenyah, Kelinyao Kenyah3.2.4.1.6.6. BARITO [12]:3.2.4.1.6.6.1. EAST [4]: Lawangan, Dusun Deyah, Ma'anyan, Malagasy3.2.4.1.6.6.2. WEST [6]:3.2.4.1.6.6.2.1. NORTHWEST [2]: Dohoi, Siang3.2.4.1.6.6.2.2. SOUTHWEST [4]: Kapuas, Katingan, Kahayan, Bakumpai3.2.4.1.6.6.3. MAHAKAM [2]: Tunjung, Ampanang3.2.4.1.7. SAMA-BAJAW [20]:3.2.4.1.7.0. [4]: Abaknon, Batuan, Yakan, Sibutuq3.2.4.1.7.1. SULU-BORNEO [16]:3.2.4.1.7.1.1. INNER SULU SAMA [3]: North Sama, Central Sama, South Sama3.2.4.1.7.1.2. WESTERN SULU SAMA [1]: Pangutaran3.2.4.1.7.1.3. BORNEO COAST BAJAW [12]:3.2.4.1.7.1.3.0. [1]: Jama Mapun3.2.4.1.7.1.3.1. NORTH BORNEO [3]: Kota Belud, Kawang, Putatan3.2.4.1.7.1.3.2. INDONESIAN [8]: Sulamu, Kajoa, Roti, Jaya Bakti, Poso, Tongian<1>, Tongian<2>, Wallace3.2.4.1.8. SUNDIC [46]:3.2.4.1.8.0. [4]: Javanese, Sundanese, Mbaloh, Gayo3.2.4.1.8.1. LAMPUNG [2]: Lampung, Komering3.2.4.1.8.2. BALI-SASAK [3]: Bali, Sasak, Sumbawa3.2.4.1.8.3. SUMATRA [10]:3.2.4.1.8.3.0. [3]: Lom, Mentawai, Enggano3.2.4.1.8.3.1. NORTHERN [2]: Simeulue, Nias3.2.4.1.8.3.2. BATAK [5]:3.2.4.1.8.3.2.0. [1]: Simalungan3.2.4.1.8.3.2.1. NORTHERN [2]: Alas, Karo Batak3.2.4.1.8.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Toba Batak, Mandailing3.2.4.1.8.4. MALAYIC [27]:3.2.4.1.8.4.0. [1]: Madurese

3.2.4.1.8.4.1. MALAYIC DAYAK [2]: Iban, Malayic Dayak3.2.4.1.8.4.2. MALAY-MOKLEN [13]:3.2.4.1.8.4.2.1. MOKLEN [2]: Moklen, Moken3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2. MALAYAN [11]:3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2.1. PARA-MALAY [4]: Minangkabau, Urak Lawoi', Duano', Rejang3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2.2. ABORIGINAL MALAY [4]: Temuan, Orang Hulu, Orang Kanaq, Orang Seletar3.2.4.1.8.4.2.2.3. LOCAL MALAY [3]: Malay, Indonesian, Orang Laut3.2.4.1.8.4.3. ACHINESE-CHAMIC [11]:3.2.4.1.8.4.3.0. [1]: Achinese3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1. CHAMIC [10]:3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.1. NORTH [1]: Huihui3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2. SOUTH [9]:3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.1. PLATEAU [3]: Jarai, Rhade, Haroi3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.2. COASTAL [6]:3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.2.1. CHAM-CHRU [3]: East Cham, West Cham, Chru3.2.4.1.8.4.3.1.2.2.2. RAGLAI [3]: South Raglai, North Raglai, Cacgia Raglai3.2.4.2. CENTRAL-EASTERN MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [571+5]:3.2.4.2.1. CENTRAL MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [89+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1. CENTRAL MALUKU [37+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1.0. [1]: Teor3.2.4.2.1.1.1. WEST [5]:3.2.4.2.1.1.1.0. [1]: Ambelau3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1. BURU-TALIABO [4]:3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.0. [1]: Buru3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.1. SULA-TALIABO [3]:3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.1.0. [1]: Taliabo3.2.4.2.1.1.1.1.1.1. SULA [2]: Sula, Mangoli3.2.4.2.1.1.2. EAST [31+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.1. BANDA [3]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Banda3.2.4.2.1.1.2.1.1. SERAN LAUT [2]: Geser, Watubela3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2. SERAM [28+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.1. EAST SERAM [3]: Bobot, Masiwang, Seti3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2. NUNUSAKU [25+1]:

3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.0. [1]: Kayeli3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL SERAM [2]: Nuaulu, Manusela3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2. THREE RIVERS [8]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Wemale3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1. AMALUMUTE [7]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.0. [1]: Atamanu3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1. NORTHWEST SERAM [6]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1.0. [4]: Saleman, Hulung, Loun, Lisabata3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. ULAT INAI [2]: Naka'ela, Alune3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3. PIRU BAY [14+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1. WEST [5+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.0. [1]: Asilulu3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.1. HOAMOAL [4+1]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.1.1. EAST [2]: Boano, Wakasihu3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.1.1.2. WEST [2+1]: Manipa, Luhu, +Batumerah3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2. EAST [9]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.0. [1]: Teluti3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1. SERAM STRAITS [8]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.0. [3]: Kaibobo, Hitu, Paulohi3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.1. ULIASE [5]:3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.1.0. [1]: Kamarian3.2.4.2.1.1.2.2.2.3.2.1.1.1. HATUHAHA [4]: Saparua, Haruku, Nusalaut, Amahai3.2.4.2.1.2. SOUTHEAST MALUKU [9]:3.2.4.2.1.2.0. [1]: Selaru3.2.4.2.1.2.1. KEI-ARU [8]:3.2.4.2.1.2.1.0. [3]: Kei, Yamdena, Selwasa3.2.4.2.1.2.1.1. ARU [5]:3.2.4.2.1.2.1.1.0. [2]: Ujir, Kola3.2.4.2.1.2.1.1.1. SOUTH [3]: Dobel, Barakai, Tarangan3.2.4.2.1.3. TIMOR-FLORES [24]:3.2.4.2.1.3.0. [2]: Helong, Naueti3.2.4.2.1.3.1. FLORES-LEMBATA [3]: Sikka, Lamaholot, Kedang3.2.4.2.1.3.2. TIMOR [19]: Roti, Timorese, Tetun, Kemak, Tukudede, Mambai, Galoli, Idate, Lakalei, Wetar, Roma, Kisar, Letri Lgona,

Dai, Dawera, Masela, Damar, Teun, Serua3.2.4.2.1.4. WAIMA'A [3]: Waima'a, Habu, Kairui3.2.4.2.1.5. BIMA-SUMBA [16]: Bima, Kodi, Weyewa, Lamboya, Wanukaka, Anakalangu, Mamboru, East Sumbanese, Savu, Ndao, Manggarai, Riung, Ngada, Ende, Lio, Palu'e3.2.4.2.2. EASTERN MALAYO-POLYNESIAN [482+4]:3.2.4.2.2.1. SOUTH HALMAHERA--NORTHWEST NEW GUINEA [56]:3.2.4.2.2.1.1. BOMBERAI [9]:3.2.4.2.2.1.1.0. [1]: Kaiwai3.2.4.2.2.1.1.1. ONIN [6]: Uruangnirin, Onin, Sekar, Arguni, Bedoanas, Erokwanas3.2.4.2.2.1.1.2. KUIWAI [2]: Irahutu, Nabi3.2.4.2.2.1.2. SOUTH HALMAHERA--GEELVINK BAY [47]:3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1. SOUTH HALMAHERA [23]:3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.1. SOUTH [2]: Gane, East Makian3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.2. CENTRAL-EAST [21]:3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.2.0. [14]: Buli, Maba, Patani, Sawai, Weda, Misool, Amber, Wajamli, Bichole, Giman, Salawati, Waigeo, Batanta, As3.2.4.2.2.1.2.1.2.1. RAJA EMPAT [7]: Maya, Maden, Palamul, Matbat, Laganyan, Kawe, Gebe3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2. GEELVINK BAY [24]:3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.0. [6]: Waropen, Mor<2>, Iresim, Yaur, Yeretuar, Tandia3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.1. BIAKIC [4]: Biak, Ron, Dusner, Meoswar3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.2. YAPEN [14]:3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.2.1. EAST [2]: Wabo, Kurudu3.2.4.2.2.1.2.2.2.2. CENTRAL-WESTERN [12]: Wandamen, Ansus, Woi, Pom, Aibondeni, Marau, Munggui, Papuma, Busami, Serui-Laut, Wadapi-Laut, Ambai3.2.4.2.2.2. OCEANIC [426+4]:3.2.4.2.2.2.0. [1]: Maisin3.2.4.2.2.2.1. SARMI-YOTAFA [6]:

3.2.4.2.2.2.1.1. SARMI [3]: Sobei, Bongo, Tarpia3.2.4.2.2.2.1.2. YOTAFA [3]: Yotafa, Ormu, Kayupulau3.2.4.2.2.2.2. SIASSI [44]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1. SEPIK-MADANG [22]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1. SEPIK [13]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.1. WESTERN [5]: Sera, Sissano, Tumleo, Ali, Ulau3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2. EASTERN [8]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.0. [1]: Kis3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.1. KAIRIRU [2]: Kairiru, Kaiep3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.1.2.2. MANAM [5]: Wogeo, Bam, Sepa, Manam, Medebur3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2. MADANG [9]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.1. BEL [6]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.1.1. NORTHERN [5]: Takia, Megiar, Matukar, Gedaged, Bilbil3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Ham3.2.4.2.2.2.2.1.2.2. ASTROLABAN [3]: Wab, Biliau, Mindiri3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2. RAI COAST--NORTHWEST NEW BRITAIN [22]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1. RAI COAST [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1.0. [2]: Sio, Mangap3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1.1. KORAP [3]: Lukep, Malasanga, Barim3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.1.2. ROINJI-NENGAYA [2]: Nengaya, Roinji3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2. BARIAI-NGERO [8]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. NGERO [4]: Tami, Mutu, Gitua, Malamalai3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. BARIAI [4]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.1. CAPE GLOUCESTER [2]: Maleu, Kilenge3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.2.2.2. KOVE-BARIAI [2]: Bariai, Kove3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.3. HUON GULF [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.3.1. YABIM-BUKAWAC [5]: Yabim, Bukawac, Lae, Labu, Kela3.2.4.2.2.2.2.2.3.2. KAIWA-SIBOMA [2]: Kaiwa, Siboma3.2.4.2.2.2.3. MARKHAM [23]:3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1. ADZERA [14]:3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1.1. LOWER WATUT [3]: Silisili, Dangal, Maralango

3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1.2. MARKHAM PROPER [7]: Adzera, Wampur, Unank, Sukurum, Ngariawan, Sirasira, Wampar3.2.4.2.2.2.3.1.3. BUSU [4]: Sirak, Guwot, Musom, Yalu3.2.4.2.2.2.3.2. BUANG [6]: Mumeng, Piu, Kapin, Mapos, Manga, Vehes3.2.4.2.2.2.3.3. HOTE [3]: Hote, Yamap, Misim3.2.4.2.2.2.4. MILNE BAY--CENTRAL PROVINCE [54]:3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1. MILNE BAY [41]:3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.1. EASTERN [3]: Misima, Nimowa, Tagula3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2. WESTERN [38]:3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.1. MINIAFIA-UBIR [2]: Miniafia, Ubir3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.2. MUKAWA [6]: Doga, Anuki, Mukawa, Gapapaiwa, Boianaki, Wataluma3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.3. KAKABAI [2]: Dawawa, Igora3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.4. TAUPOTA-WEDAU [5]: Wedau, Taupota, Garuwahi, Kehelala, Kukuya3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.5. SUAU [3]: Suau, Bohutu, Wagawaga3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.6. DUAU [5]: Tubetube, Duau, Bunama, Kurada, Mwatebu3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.7. DOBU [5]: Sewa Bay, Dobu, Molima, Galeya, Bosilewa3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.8. GUMASI [1]: Gumasi3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.9. BWAIDOKA [6]: Yamalele, Fagululu, Kalokalo, Bwaidoka, Diodio, Iduna3.2.4.2.2.2.4.1.2.10. KILIVILA [3]: Budibud, Muyuw, Kilivila3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2. CENTRAL PROVINCE [13]:3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.1. WESTERN [6]: Mekeo, Roro, Kuni, Nara, Gabadi, Doura3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.2. EASTERN [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.2.1. MOTU-SINAGORO [3]: Motu, Sinagoro, Keapara3.2.4.2.2.2.4.2.2.2. MAGORI [4]: Ouma, Magori, Yoba, Bina3.2.4.2.2.2.5. KIMBE [6]:3.2.4.2.2.2.5.1. NAKANAI [2]: Melamela, Bileki

3.2.4.2.2.2.5.2. WILLAUMEZ [3]: Xarua, Bola, Bulu3.2.4.2.2.2.5.3. BALI-VITU [1]: Vitu3.2.4.2.2.2.6. NEW BRITAIN [16]:3.2.4.2.2.2.6.0. [1]: Tumuip3.2.4.2.2.2.6.1. ARAWE [3]: Arawe, Moewehafen, Gasmata3.2.4.2.2.2.6.2. LAMOGAI [6]:3.2.4.2.2.2.6.2.0. [3]: Longa, Idne, Mok3.2.4.2.2.2.6.2.1. RAUTO [3]: Lamogai, Pulie, Rauto3.2.4.2.2.2.6.3. WHITEMAN [3]: Pasismanua, Kapore, Mangseng3.2.4.2.2.2.6.4. MENGEN [3]: Uvol, Mamusi, Mengen3.2.4.2.2.2.7. NEW IRELAND--TOLAI [21]:3.2.4.2.2.2.7.1. PATPATAR-TOLAI [10]: Barok, Patpatar, Sursurunga, Tangga, Lihir, Konomala, Kandas, Siar, Tolai, Duke of York3.2.4.2.2.2.7.2. NORTHERN NEW IRELAND [7]: Lavongai, Tigak, Kara, Tiang, Nalik, Notsi, Tabar3.2.4.2.2.2.7.3. ST. MATTHIAS [2]: Mussau, Tenis3.2.4.2.2.2.7.4. MADAK [2]: Lamusong, Madak3.2.4.2.2.2.8. ADMIRALTY ISLANDS [23+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.8.1. WESTERN [2+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.8.1.1. WUVULU [1]: Wuvulu3.2.4.2.2.2.8.1.2. NINIGO [1+1]: Seimat, +Kaniet3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2. EASTERN [21]:3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1. MANUS [16]:3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1.1. NORTHWEST ISLANDS [7]: Hermit, Sisi, Sori, Ponam, Andra, Leipon, Loniu3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1.2. WEST [4]: Lindrou, Levei, Mondropolon, Likum3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.1.3. EAST [5]: Gele, Nali, Mokerang, Papitalai, Titan3.2.4.2.2.2.8.2.2. SOUTHEAST ISLANDS [5]: Baluan, Lenkau, Penchal, Nauna, Pak3.2.4.2.2.2.9. BOUGAINVILLE [14]:3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1. NORTH AND EAST [12]:3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1. NORTH-NEHAN [9]:3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.1. NEHAN [1]: Nehan3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.2. NORTH [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.2.1. BUKA [3]: Halia, Solos, Petats

3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.2.2. SAPOSA-TINPUTS [4]: Saposa, Hahon, Tinputs, Teop3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.1.3. PAPAPANA [1]: Papapana3.2.4.2.2.2.9.1.2. EAST [3]: Mono, Uruava, Torau3.2.4.2.2.2.9.2. WEST [2]: Banoni, Piva3.2.4.2.2.2.10. CHOISEUL [4]:3.2.4.2.2.2.10.1. NORTHWEST [3]: Vaghua, Varisi, Ririo3.2.4.2.2.2.10.2. CENTRAL-EASTERN [1]: Babatana3.2.4.2.2.2.11. NEW GEORGIA [10]:3.2.4.2.2.2.11.1. EAST [2]: Marovo, Vangunu3.2.4.2.2.2.11.2. WEST [8]: Ghanongga, Lungga, Simbo, Nduke, Roviana, Ughele, Kusaghe, Hoava3.2.4.2.2.2.12. SANTA ISABEL [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.12.1. WEST [2]: Kia, Laghu3.2.4.2.2.2.12.2. CENTRAL [3]: Kokota, Zazao, Blablanga3.2.4.2.2.2.12.3. EAST [2]: Maringe, Gao3.2.4.2.2.2.13. SANTA CRUZ [6]:3.2.4.2.2.2.13.1. UTUPUA [3]: Nembao, Asumboa, Tanimbili3.2.4.2.2.2.13.2. VANIKORO [3]: Buma, Vano, Tanima3.2.4.2.2.2.14. SOUTHERN NEW HEBRIDES [8]:3.2.4.2.2.2.14.0. [1]: Aneityum3.2.4.2.2.2.14.1. ERROMANGA [2]: Sie, Ura3.2.4.2.2.2.14.2. TANNA [5]: Kwamera, Whitesands, North Tanna, Lenakel, Southwest Tanna3.2.4.2.2.2.15. NEW CALEDONIA [24]:3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1. NORTHERN [13]:3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.1. FAR NORTH [4]: Yalayu, Kumak, Caac, Yuaga3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.2. NORTH [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.2.0. [3]: Pwapwa, Pwaamei, Hmwaveke3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.2.1. NEMI [4]: Jawe, Nemi, Fwai, Pije3.2.4.2.2.2.15.1.3. CENTRAL [2]: Cemuhi, Paici3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2. SOUTHERN [11]:3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1. SOUTH [9]:3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1.1. GROUP I [5]: Arho, Arha, Ajie, Orowe, Neku3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1.2. GROUP II [2]: Nere, Tiri3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.1.3. GROUP III [2]: Xaracuu, Xaragure3.2.4.2.2.2.15.2.2. FAR SOUTH [2]: Dubea, Numee

3.2.4.2.2.2.16. LOYALTY ISLANDS [3]: Iaai, Dehu, Nengone3.2.4.2.2.2.17. REMOTE OCEANIC [156+3]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1. MICRONESIAN [9+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.0. [1]: Nauruan3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1. MICRONESIAN PROPER [8+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.0. [3]: Gilbertese, Marshallese, Kusaiean3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.1. PONAPEIC-TRUKIC [5+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.1.1. PONAPEIC [2]: Mokilese, Ponapean3.2.4.2.2.2.17.1.1.1.2. TRUKIC [3+1]: Trukese, Carolinian, Ulithian, +Mapia3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2. SOUTHEAST SOLOMONS [22]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1. GELA-GUADALCANAL [7]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1.0. [1]: Bughotu3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1.1. GELA [2]: Gela, Lengo3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.1.2. GUADALCANAL [4]: Ghari, Talise, Malango, Birao3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2. MALAITA--SAN CRISTOBAL [15]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1. MALAITA [11]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1.0. [1]: Longgu3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1.1. NORTHERN [5]: Lau, To'abaita, Kwara'ae, Langalanga, Kwaio3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.1.2. SOUTHERN [5]: Dori'o, 'Are'are, Marau, Oroha, Sa'a3.2.4.2.2.2.17.2.2.2. SAN CRISTOBAL [4]: Arosi, Fagani, Bauro, Kahua3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3. CENTRAL AND NORTHERN NEW HEBRIDES [94+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.1. EAST SANTO [5]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.1.1. NORTH [1]: Sakao3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.1.2. SOUTH [4]: Lorediakarkar, Shark Bay, Butmas, Polonombauk3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2. MALEKULA INTERIOR [12]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2.0. [1]: Labo3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2.1. SMALL NAMBAS [4]: Letemboi, Repanbitip, Dixon Reef, Nasarian

3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.2.2. MALEKULA CENTRAL [7]: Katbol, Lingarak, Vinmavis, Litzlitz, Larevat, Maragus, Big Nambas3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3. NORTHEAST NEW HEBRIDES-BANKS ISLANDS [77+1]:3.2.4.2.17.3.3.1. EAST NEW HEBRIDES [29+1]: Hiw, Toga, Lehali, Lehalurup, Motlav, Mota, Vatrata, +Alo-Teqel, Mosina, Nume, Koro, Wetamut, Lokona, Merlav, Marino, Central Maewo, Baetora, Northeast Aoban, Nduindui, Raga, Apma, Sowa, Seke, Sa, North Ambrym, Lonwolwol, Dakaka, Port Vato, Southeast Ambrym, Paama3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.2. WEST SANTO [24]: Valpei, Nokuku, Vunapu, Piamatsina, Tolomako, Tasmate, Wusi, Akei, Malmariv, Navut, Lametin, Morouas, Roria, Fortsenal, Amblong, Wailapa, Tangoa, Araki, Narango, Tambotalo, Aore, Malo, Tutuba, Mafea3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.3. MALEKULA COASTAL [16]: Malua Bay, Vovo, Mpotovoro, Mae, Vao, Atchin, Uripiv, Unua, Rerep, Aulua, Burmbar, Port Sandwich, Maskelynes, Axamb, Malfaxal, Southwest Bay3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.4. EPI [5]: Lewo, Bierebo, Baki, Maii, Bieria3.2.4.2.2.2.17.3.3.5. CENTRAL NEW HEBRIDES [3]: Namakura, North Efate, South Efate3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4. CENTRAL PACIFIC [31+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1. ROTUMAN-FIJIAN [3]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.0. [1]: Rotuman3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.1. FIJIAN [2]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.1.1. WEST [1]: Nadroga3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.1.1.2. EAST [1]: Fijian3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2. POLYNESIAN [28+1]:

3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.1. TONGIC [2]: Niuean, Tongan3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2. NUCLEAR POLYNESIAN [26+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1. SAMOIC OUTLIER [17]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.0. [7]: Samoan, Niuafo'ou, Tuvalu, East Uvea, Pukapuka, Rennellese, Pileni3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.1. SOUTHERN [5]: Tikopia, West Uvea, Emae, Mele, West Futuna3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.2. NORTHERN [3]: Sikaiana, Luangiua, Takuu3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.1.3. MICRONESIAN [2]: Kapingamarangi, Nukuoro3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2. EASTERN POLYNESIAN [9+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.0. [1]: Rapanui (= Easter Island)3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.1. CENTRAL [8+1]:3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.1.1. TAHITIC [5+1]: Tahitian, Tongareva, Rarotongan, Pa'umotu, Maori, +Moriori3.2.4.2.2.2.17.4.2.2.2.1.2. MARQUESIC [3]: Mangareva, Marquesan, Hawaiian______________________________________________________________________Prev: AUSTRIC Up: INDEX Next: AUSTRALIAN

INDO-PACIFIC [731+17]

1. +TASMANIAN [0+1]: +Tasmanian2. ANDAMAN ISLANDS [4+9]:2.1. GREAT ANDAMANESE [1+9]:2.1.1. +NORTHERN [0+4]: +Aka-Cari, +Aka-Kora, +Aka-Bo, +Aka-Jeru2.1.2. CENTRAL [1+5]: +Aka-Kede, +Aka-Kol, +Oko-Juwoi, A-Pucikwar, +Akar-Bale, +Aka-Bea2.2. SOUTH ANDAMANESE [3]: Onge, Jarawa, Sentinel3. TRANS--NEW GUINEA [505+3]:3.0. [5]: Oksapmin, Morwap, Molof, Usku, Tofamna3.1. MAIN SECTION [267+1]:3.1.1. CENTRAL AND WESTERN [216]:

3.1.1.0. [2]: Dem, Mor<1>3.1.1.1. FINISTERRE-HUON [67]:3.1.1.1.1. HUON [22]:3.1.1.1.1.0. [1]: Kovai3.1.1.1.1.1. EASTERN [8]: Kate, Mape, Dedua, Sene, Momare, Migabac, Kube, Kosorong3.1.1.1.1.2. WESTERN [13]: Ono, Sialum, Nomu, Kinalakna, Kumokio, Selepet, Timbe, Komba, Tobo, Yaknge, Burum, Mesem, Nabak3.1.1.1.2. FINISTERRE [45]:3.1.1.1.2.0. [1]: Abaga3.1.1.1.2.1. ERAP [11]: Nuk, Nek, Nakama, Munkip, Numanggang, Sauk, Gusan, Finungwa, Nimi, Urii, Mamaa3.1.1.1.2.2. WANTOAT [4]: Irumu, Yagawak, Bam, Wantoat3.1.1.1.2.3. GUSAP-MOT [7]: Ufim, Nahu, Rawa, Nekgini, Neko, Ngaing, Gira3.1.1.1.2.4. WARUP [8]: Dahating, Bulgebi, Guiarak, Morafa, Forak, Degenan, Yagomi, Asat3.1.1.1.2.5. YUPNA [9]: Mebu, Nankina, Gabutamon, Domung, Bonkiman, Wandabong, Nokopo, Kewieng, Isan3.1.1.1.2.6. URUWA [5]: Som, Sakam, Yau, Komutu, Weleki3.1.1.2. EAST NEW GUINEA HIGHLANDS [38]:3.1.1.2.0. [2]: Wiru, Kenati3.1.1.2.1. KALAM [3]:3.1.1.2.1.0. [1]: Gants3.1.1.2.1.1. KALAM-KOBON [2]: Kalam, Kobon3.1.1.2.2. EASTERN [7]:3.1.1.2.2.0. [1]: Owena3.1.1.2.2.1. GADSUP-AUYANA-AWA [3]: Gadsup, Auyana, Awa3.1.1.2.2.2. TAIRORA [3]: Tairora, Binumarien, Waffa3.1.1.2.3. EAST-CENTRAL [8]:3.1.1.2.3.0. [2]: Gende, Kamano3.1.1.2.3.1. SIANE [2]: Siane, Yabiyufa3.1.1.2.3.2. GAHUKU [2]: Gahuku, Benabena3.1.1.2.3.3. FORE [2]: Fore, Gimi3.1.1.2.4. CENTRAL [9]:3.1.1.2.4.0. [1]: Medlpa

3.1.1.2.4.1. CHIMBU [3]: Chimbu, Chuave, Nomane3.1.1.2.4.2. WAHGI [2]: Wahgi, Nii3.1.1.2.4.3. JIMI [3]: Narak, Maring, Ganja3.1.1.2.5. WEST-CENTRAL [9]:3.1.1.2.5.0. [1]: Huli3.1.1.2.5.1. ENGA [5]: Enga, Katinja, Nete, Lembena, Ipili3.1.1.2.5.2. ANGAL-KEWA [3]: Angal, Kewa, Sau3.1.1.3. CENTRAL AND SOUTH NEW GUINEA--KUTUBUAN [59]:3.1.1.3.1. KUTUBUAN [5]:3.1.1.3.1.1. EAST [2]: Foe, Fiwaga3.1.1.3.1.2. WEST [3]: Fasu, Some, Namumi3.1.1.3.2. CENTRAL AND SOUTH NEW GUINEA [54]:3.1.1.3.2.0. [2]: Somahai, Kamula3.1.1.3.2.1. ASMAT-KAMORO [8]: Iria, Asienara, Kamoro, Sempan, Central Asmat, Casuarina Coast Asmat, Citak Asmat, North Asmat3.1.1.3.2.2. AWYU-DUMUT [14]:3.1.1.3.2.2.0. [7]: Sawuy, Kotogut, Mapi, Ederah, Kia, Upper Digul, Upper Kaeme3.1.1.3.2.2.1. AWYU [4]: Siagha, Pisa, Aghu, Airo3.1.1.3.2.2.2. DUMUT [3]: Kaeti, Wambon, Wanggom3.1.1.3.2.3. OK [13]:3.1.1.3.2.3.1. LOWLAND [5]: Southern Kati, Northern Kati, Yonggom, Ninggirum, Iwur3.1.1.3.2.3.2. MOUNTAIN [8]: Telefol, Tifal, Kauwol, Faiwol, Setaman, Bimin, Mianmin, Ngalum3.1.1.3.2.4. AWIN-PA [2]: Awin, Pa3.1.1.3.2.5. EAST STRICKLAND [3]: Nomad, Agala, Konai3.1.1.3.2.6. BOSAVI [8]: Beami, Onabasulu, Kaluli, Kasua, Kware, Tomu, Bainapi, Sonia3.1.1.3.2.7. DUNA-POGAYA [2]: Duna, Pogaya3.1.1.3.2.8. MOMBUM [2]: Mombum, Koneraw3.1.1.4. ANGAN [12]:3.1.1.4.0. [1]: Angaataha3.1.1.4.1. ANGAN PROPER [11]: Simbari, Baruya, Safeyoka, Kawatsa,

Kamasa, Yagwoia, Ankave, Ivori, Lohiki, Menya, Hamtai3.1.1.5. GOGODALA-SUKI [3]:3.1.1.5.0. [1]: Suki3.1.1.5.1. GOGODALA [2]: Gogodala, Waruna3.1.1.6. MARIND [6]:3.1.1.6.1. BOAZI [2]: Boazi, Zimakani3.1.1.6.2. MARIND PROPER [2]: Marind, Bian Marind3.1.1.6.3. YAQAY [2]: Yaqay, Warkay3.1.1.7. KAYAGAR [3]: Kaugat, Kaygir, Tamagario3.1.1.8. SENTANI [4]:3.1.1.8.0. [1]: Demta3.1.1.8.1. SENTANI PROPER [3]: Sentani, Nafri, Tanah Merah<2>3.1.1.9. DANI-KWERBA [11]:3.1.1.9.1. SOUTHERN [6]:3.1.1.9.1.0. [1]: Wano3.1.1.9.1.1. DANI [2]: Western Dani, Grand Valley Dani3.1.1.9.1.2. NGALIK-NDUGA [3]: North Ngalik, South Ngalik, Nduga3.1.1.9.2. NORTHERN [5]:3.1.1.9.2.0. [2]: Saberi, Samarokena3.1.1.9.2.1. KWERBA [3]: Kwerba, Airoran, Sasawa3.1.1.10. WISSEL LAKES--KEMANDOGA [4]:3.1.1.10.0. [1]: Uhunduni3.1.1.10.1. EKAGI-WODANI-MONI [3]: Ekagi, Wodani, Moni3.1.1.11. MAIRASI--TANAH MERAH [4]:3.1.1.11.0. [1]: Tanah Merah<1>3.1.1.11.1. MAIRASI [3]: Mairasi, Northeastern Mairasi, Semimi3.1.1.12. WEST BOMBERAI [3]:3.1.1.12.0. [1]: Karas3.1.1.12.1. WEST BOMBERAI PROPER [2]: Iha, Baham3.1.2. EASTERN [51+1]:3.1.2.1. BINANDEREAN [16]:3.1.2.1.0. [1]: Guhu-Semane3.1.2.1.1. BINANDEREAN PROPER [15]: Suena, Yekora, Zia, Binandere, Ambasi, Aeka, Orokaiva, Hunjara, Notu, Yega, Gaina, Baruga, Mawae, Dogoro, Korafe3.1.2.2. GOILALAN [5]: Biangai, Weri, Kunimaipa, Tauade, Fuyuge

3.1.2.3. KOIARIAN [6]:3.1.2.3.1. KOIARIC [3]: Koita, Koiari, Mountain Koiari3.1.2.3.2. BARAIC [3]: Managalasi, Barai, Ömie3.1.2.4. KWALEAN [2+1]: Humene, Kwale, +Mulaha3.1.2.5. MANUBARAN [2]: Doromu, Maria3.1.2.6. YAREBAN [5]: Bariji, Yareba, Doriri, Sirio, Abia3.1.2.7. MAILUAN [6]: Magi, Domu, Morawa, Binahari, Bauwaki, Laua3.1.2.8. DAGAN [9]: Onjob, Maiwa, Jimajima, Daga, Mapena, Turaka, Gwedena, Ginuman, Sona3.2. MADANG--ADELBERT RANGE [102]:3.2.1. MADANG [58]:3.2.1.1. RAI COAST [29]:3.2.1.1.1. EVAPIA [5]: Sinsauru, Asas, Sausi, Kesawai, Dumpu3.2.1.1.2. KABENAU [5]: Arawum, Kolom, Siroi, Lemio, Pulabu3.2.1.1.3. YAGANON [4]: Yabong, Ganglau, Dumun, Saep3.2.1.1.4. PEKA [4]: Usino, Sumau, Urigina, Danaru3.2.1.1.5. NURU [7]: Usu, Erima, Duduela, Kwato, Rerau, Jilim, Yangulam3.2.1.1.6. MINDJIM [4]: Bom, Male, Bongu, Songum3.2.1.2. MABUSO [29]:3.2.1.2.0. [1]: Kare3.2.1.2.1. KOKON [3]: Girawa, Munit, Bemal3.2.1.2.2. GUM [6]: Sihan, Gumalu, Isebe, Amele, Bau, Panim3.2.1.2.3. HANSEMAN [19]: Rapting, Wamas, Samosa, Murupi, Saruga, Nake, Mosimo, Garus, Yoidik, Rempi, Bagupi, Silopi, Utu, Mawan, Baimak, Matepi, Gal, Garuh, Kamba3.2.2. ADELBERT RANGE [4]:3.2.2.1. PIHOM-ISUMRUD-MUGIL [28]:3.2.2.1.0. [1]: Mugil3.2.2.1.1. PIHOM [22]:3.2.2.1.1.0. [2]: Amaimon, Wasembo3.2.2.1.1.1. KAUKOMBARAN [44]: Pay, Pila, Saki, Tani3.2.2.1.1.2. KUMILAN [3]: Ulingan, Bepour, Moere

3.2.2.1.1.3. TIBORAN [5]: Kowaki, Mawak, Hinihon, Musar, Wanambre3.2.2.1.1.4. OMOSAN [2]: Koguman, Abasakur3.2.2.1.1.5. NUMAGENAN [6]: Wanuma, Yaben, Yarawata, Bilakura, Parawen, Ukuriguma3.2.2.1.2. ISUMRUD [5]:3.2.2.1.2.0. [1]: Dimir3.2.2.1.2.1. KOWAN [2]: Korak, Waskia3.2.2.1.2.2. MABUAN [2]: Malas, Bunabun3.2.2.2. JOSEPHSTAAL-WANANG [12]:3.2.2.2.1. JOSEPHSTAAL [7]:3.2.2.2.1.0. [2]: Osum, Wadaginam3.2.2.2.1.1. SIKAN [2]: Sileibi, Katiati3.2.2.2.1.2. POMOIKAN [3]: Pondoma, Ikundun, Moresada3.2.2.2.2. WANANG [5]:3.2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Paynamar3.2.2.2.2.1. ATAN [2]: Atemple, Angaua3.2.2.2.2.2. EMUAN [2]: Emerum, Musak3.2.2.2.3. BRAHMAN [4]: Isabi, Biyom, Tauya, Faita3.3. TEBERAN-PAWAIAN [3]:3.3.0. [1]: Pawaian3.3.1. TEBERAN [2]: Dadibi, Podopa3.4. TURAMA-KIKORIAN [4]:3.4.0. [1]: Kairi3.4.1. TURAMA-OMATIAN [3]: Omati, Ikobi, Mena3.5. INLAND GULF [3+2]:3.5.0. [1]: Ipiko3.5.1. MINANIBAI [2+2]: Minanibai, Tao, +Karami, +Mahigi3.6. ELEMAN [7]:3.6.0. [2]: Purari, Tate3.6.1. EASTERN [2]: Toaripi, Uaripi3.6.2. WESTERN [3]: Opao, Keuro, Orokolo3.7. TRANS-FLY--BULAKA RIVER [28]:3.7.1. BULAKA RIVER [2]: Yelmek, Maklew3.7.2. TRANS-FLY [26]:3.7.2.1. KIWAIAN [7]: Southern Kiwai, Wabuda, Bamu Kiwai, Morigi, Kerewo, Northeastern Kiwai, Arigibi3.7.2.2. TIRIO [4]: Tirio, Aturu, Lewada, Mutum3.7.2.3. EASTERN TRANS-FLY [4]: Bine, Gidra, Gizra, Meriam

3.7.2.4. PAHOTURI [3]: Agöb, Idi, Waia3.7.2.5. MOREHEAD AND UPPER MARO RIVERS [8]:3.7.2.5.0. [2]: Yey, Moraori3.7.2.5.1. NAMBU [2]: Nambu, Dorro3.7.2.5.2. TONDA [4]: Upper Morehead, Lower Morehead, Tonda, Kanum3.8. MEK [9]:3.8.1. WESTERN [6]: Kosarek, Nipsan, Nalca, Korapun, Goliath, Eipo3.8.2. EASTERN [3]: Ketengban, Sirkai, Kinome3.9. SENAGI [2]: Anggor, Dera3.10. PAUWASI [4]:3.10.1. EASTERN [2]: Yafi, Emumu3.10.2. WESTERN [2]: Dubu, Towei3.11. NORTHERN [32]:3.11.1. BORDER [12]:3.11.1.1. WARIS [7]: Waris, Manem, Senggi, Waina, Daonda, Simog, Amanab3.11.1.2. TAIKAT [2]: Awyi, Taikat3.11.1.3. BEWANI [3]: Pagi, Kilmeri, Ninggera3.11.2. TOR--LAKE PLAIN [20]:3.11.3.0. [3]: Turu, Mawes, Uria3.11.3.1. CENTRAL LAKE PLAIN [7]: Baburiwa, Taogwe, Taori-Kei, Tori Aikwakai, Papasena, Weretai, Taori-So3.11.3.2. EAST LAKE PLAIN [3]: Taworta, Dabra, Foau3.11.3.3. TOR [7]: Berik, Bonerif, Mander, Itik, Kwesten, Maremgi, Wares3.12. NIMBORAN [3]: Mekwei, Kemtuk, Nimboran3.13. KAURE [5]:3.13.0. [2]: Sause, Kapori3.13.1. KAURE PROPER [3]: Kaure, Narau, Kosare3.14. SOUTH BIRD'S HEAD [10]:3.14.1. SOUTH BIRD'S HEAD PROPER [6]: Barau, Arandai, Tarof, Kasuweri, Puragi, Kampong Baru3.14.2. INANWATAN [2]: Inanwatan, Duriankere3.14.3. KONDA-YAHADIAN [2]: Konda, Yahadian3.15. KOLOPOM [3]: Kimaghana, Riantana, Ndom3.16. TIMOR-ALOR-PANTAR [18]:

3.16.0. [7]: Oirata, Lovaea, Fataluku, Kairui, Bunak, Kolana, Tanglapui3.16.1. ALOR-PANTAR [11]:3.16.1.0. [1]: Makasai3.16.1.1. ALOR [6]: Kui, Woisika, Abui, Kelon, Kafoa, Kabola3.16.1.2. PANTAR [4]: Blagar, Tewa, Nedebang, Lamma4. WEST PAPUAN [24]:4.0. [1]: Amberbaken4.1. BIRD'S HEAD [10]:4.1.1. NORTH-CENTRAL [4]:4.1.1.1. NORTH [2]: Karon Pantai, Madik4.1.1.2. CENTRAL [2]: Karon Dori, Brat4.1.2. WEST [6]: Kuwani, Tehit, Kalabra, Seget, Moi, Moraid4.2. BORAI-HATTAM [2]: Borai, Hattam4.3. NORTHERN HALMAHERA [11]:4.3.1. SOUTH [2]: Ternate, Tidore4.3.2. NORTH [9]: Galela, Tobelo, Loda, Ibu, Sahu, Modole, Tabaru, Pagu, West Makian5. EAST BIRD'S HEAD [3]:5.0. [1]: Mantion5.1. MEAX [2]: Meax, Meningo6. GEELVINK BAY [5]:6.0. [1]: Yava6.1. EAST GEELVINK BAY [4]: Turunggare, Baropasi, Bauzi, Bapu7. SKO [8]:7.1. VANIMO [4]: Sko, Sangke, Wutung, Vanimo7.2. KRISA [4]: Krisa, Rawo, Puari, Warapu8. KWOMTARI-BAIBAI [5]:8.0. [1]: Pyu8.1. KWOMTARI [2]: Kwomtari, Fas8.2. BAIBAI [2]: Baibai, Biaka9. ARAI [6]: Rocky Peak, Iteri, Bo, Ama, Nimo, Owiniga10. AMTO-MUSIAN [2]: Amto, Musian11. TORRICELLI [48]:11.0. [1]: Urim11.1. WEST WAPEI [3]: One, Seta, Seti11.2. WAPEI-PALEI [20]:11.2.0. [1]: Urat

11.2.1. WAPEI [12]: Yis, Yau, Olo, Elkei, Au, Yil, Alu, Ningil, Gnau, Galu, Yapunda, Valman11.2.2. PALEI [7]: Nambi, Agi, Aruop, Kayik, Aiku, Bragat, Aru11.3. MAIMAI [6]:11.3.0. [3]: Laeko, Beli, Wiaki11.3.1. MAIMAI PROPER [3]: Siliput, Yahang, Heyo11.4. KOMBIO-ARAPESH [9]:11.4.1. KOMBIO [6]: Eitiep, Lou, Kombio, Yambes, Aruek, Wom11.4.2. ARAPESH [3]: Mountain Arapesh, Southern Arapesh, Bumbita11.5. MARIENBERG [7]: Bungain, Mandi, Muniwara, Urimo, Kamasau, Elepi, Buna11.6. MONUMBO [2]: Monumbo, Lilau12. SEPIK-RAMU [98]:12.0. [1]: Gapun12.1. SEPIK [43]:12.1.0. [1]: Biksi12.1.1. UPPER SEPIK [5]:12.1.1.0. [1]: Abau12.1.1.1. IWAM [2]: Iwam, Amal12.1.1.2. WOGAMUSIN [2]: Wogamusin, Chenapian12.1.2. RAM [3]: Karawa, Bouye, Autu12.1.3. TAMA [5]: Kalou, Pasi, Pahi, Mehek, Mayo12.1.4. YELLOW RIVER [3]: Namie, Ak, Awun12.1.5. MIDDLE SEPIK [11]:12.1.5.0. [1]: Yerakai12.1.5.1. NUKUMA [2]: Kwoma, Kwanga12.1.5.2. NDU [8]: Ngala, Manambu, Kaunga, Abelam, Boiken, Sawos, Iatmul, Kwasengen12.1.6. SEPIK HILL [15]:12.1.6.1. SANIO [6]: Sanio, Paka, Gabiano, Piame, Bikaru, Hewa12.1.6.2. BAHINEMO [7]: Bitara, Bahinemo, Mari, Bisis, Watakataui, Kapriman, Sumariup12.1.6.3. ALAMBLAK [2]: Kaningara, Alamblak12.2. LEONARD SCHULTZE [6]:12.2.1. WALIO [4]: Walio, Pai, Yabio, Tuwari

12.2.2. PAPI [2]: Papi, Duranmin12.3. NOR-PONDO [6]:12.3.1. NOR [2]: Murik, Kopar12.3.2. PONDO [4]: Chambri, Yimas, Karawari, Angoram12.4. RAMU [42]:12.4.1. YUAT-WAIBUK [13]:12.4.1.1. MONGOL-LANGAM [3]: Langam, Mongol, Yaul12.4.1.2. YUAT-MARAMBA [6]:12.4.1.2.0. [1]: Maramba12.4.1.2.1. YUAT [5]: Changriwa, Mekmek, Miyak, Biwat, Bun12.4.1.3. WAIBUK [4]: Waibuk, Aramo, Pinai, Wapi12.4.2. RAMU PROPER [29]:12.4.2.1. GRASS [5]:12.4.2.1.0. [1]: Banaro12.4.2.1.1. GRASS PROPER [4]: Kambot, Aion, Adjora, Gorovu12.4.2.2. ARAFUNDI [2]: Alfendio, Meakambut12.4.2.3. ANNABERG [3]:12.4.2.3.0. [1]: Rao12.4.2.3.1. AIAN [2]: Anor, Aiome12.4.2.4. RUBONI [8]:12.4.2.4.1. OTTILIEN [5]: Watam, Gamei, Kaian, Bosman, Awar12.4.2.4.2. MISEGIAN [3]: Giri, Sepen, Mikarew12.4.2.5. GOAM [11]:12.4.2.5.1. ATAITAN [4]: Andarum, Igom, Tangu, Tanguat12.4.2.5.2. TAMOLAN [7]: Romkun, Breri, Kominimung, Igana, Akrukay, Itutang, Midsivindi13. EAST PAPUAN [23+4]:13.1. YELE-SOLOMONS--NEW BRITAIN [12+4]:13.1.1. YELE-SOLOMONS [5+3]:13.1.1.0. [1]: Yele13.1.1.1. +KAZUKURU [0+3]: +Kazukuru, +Guliguli, +Dororo13.1.1.2. CENTRAL SOLOMONS [4]: Bilua, Baniata, Lavukaleve, Savosavo13.1.2. NEW BRITAIN [7+1]:13.1.2.0. [5]: Sulka, Kol, Wasi, Anem, Panaras13.1.2.1. BAINING-TAULIL [2+1]: Baining, Taulil, +Butam13.2. BOUGAINVILLE [8]:13.2.1. EAST [4]:

13.2.1.1. NASIOI [2]: Nasioi, Nagovisi13.2.1.2. BUIN [2]: Buin, Siwai13.2.2. WEST [4]:13.2.2.0. [2]: Konua, Keriaka13.2.2.1. ROTOKAS [2]: Rotokas, Eivo13.3. REEF ISLANDS--SANTA CRUZ [3]:13.3.0. [1]: Aiwo13.3.1. SANTA CRUZ [2]: Santa Cruz, Nanggu______________________________________________________________________Prev: INDO-PACIFIC Up: INDEX Next: NA-DENE

AUSTRALIAN [170+92]

0. [14+1]: Enindhilyagwa, Ndjébbana, Yanyuwa, Gagudju, Kungarakany, Mangarayi, +Mingin, Nakkara, Nunggubuyu, Tiwi, Waray, Limilngan, Umbugarla, Gunbudj, Murrinh-Patha1. YIWAIDJAN [4]:1.0. [2]: Margu, Amurag1.1. YIWAIDJIC [2]: Iwaidja, Maung2. MANGERRIAN [1]: Mangerr3. GUNWINYGUAN [9+2]:3.0. [3+1]: Jawony, Rembarrnga, +Ngandi, Ngalakan3.1. GUNWINYGIC [3]: Warlang, Gunwinygu, Ngalkbon3.2. YANGMANIC [3+1]:3.2.0. [2]: Wagiman, Wardaman3.2.1. NOLGIN [1+1]: +Dagoman, Yangman4. BURARRAN [2]: Guragone, Burarra5. MARAN [2+1]:5.0. [1]: Alawa5.1. MARIC [1+1]: +Warndarang, Mara6. WEST BARKLY [3]:6.0. [1]: Djingili6.1. WAMBAYAN [2]: Ngarndji, Wambaya7. GARAWAN [2]: Garawa, Waanyi8. LARAGIYAN [2]: Laragiya, Wulna9. DALY [9]:9.1. MOIL [1]: Ngenkikurrunggur9.2. BRINKEN-WAGAYDY [5]:9.2.1. BRINKEN [3]: Marithiyel, Marimanindji, Maringarr

9.2.2. WAGAYDY [2]: Wadjiginy, Maranungku9.3. MALAKMALAK [3]:9.3.1. DALY [1]: Madngele9.3.2. MALAKMALAK PROPER [2]: Dyeraidy, Malakmalak10. DJAMINDJUNGAN [3]: Djamindjung, Nungali, Ngaliwuru11. DJERAGAN [3]:11.1. MIRIWUNGIC [2]: Gadjerawang, Miriwung11.2. KITJIC [1]: Kitja12. BUNABAN [2]: Bunaba, Guniyan13. NYULNYULAN [2+2]: Nyulnyul, +Yawuru, +Warwa, Nyigina14. WORORAN [3]: Wunambal, Ungarinjin, Worora15. PAMA-NYUNGAN [109+86]:15.0. [5+4]: +Muk Thang, +Dhuduroa, Kala Lagaw Ya (= Mabuiag), +Muruwari, Warumungu, Flinders Island, Barrow Point, Bandjalang, +Pallangahmiddang15.1. YUULNGU [7]: Djinang, Dhangu, Dhuwal, Djinba, Ritharngu, Dhay'yi, Yan-nhangu15.2. TANGIC [2]: Lardil, Gayardilt15.3. PAMAN [25+20]:15.3.1. NORTHERN [3+9]: +Gudang, Atampaya, +Wudhadhi, Tjungundji, +Mpalityanh, +Yupngayth, +Linngithigh, +Ngkoth, +Yinwum, +Aritinngithigh, Awngthim, +Mbiywom15.3.2. MIDDLE [7]: Wik-Me'anha, Wik-Ngathana, Wik-Mungkan, Wik-Iiyanh, Kugu-Muminh, Pakanha, Ayabadhu15.3.3. WESTERN [2]: Thaayorre, Yir Yoront15.3.4. NORTH-EASTERN [2]: Kaantyu, Umpila15.3.5. LAMALAMIC [4+1]: Umbindhamu, Umbuygamu, Mbariman-Gudhinma, Lama-Lama, +Guru Warra15.3.6. COASTAL [1+1]: Koko Pera, +Gog Nar15.3.7. CENTRAL [4+2]: Thaypan, Aghu-Tharnggala, +Gogo Mini, +Dagalag, Kawarrangg, Oykangand15.3.8. NORMAN [1+2]: Kurtjar, +Kuthant, +Walangama15.3.9. FLINDERS [1]: Gugadj15.3.10. +SOUTHERN [0+3]: +Agwamin, +Mbabaram, +Mbara

15.3.11. +MAYABIC [0+2]: +Mayi-Kutuna, +Mayi-Kulan15.4. YALANJIC [2]: Guugu Yimidhirr, Gugu Yalandyi15.5. YIDINYIC [2]: Dyaabugay, Yidiny15.6. DYIRBALIC [2]: Dyirbal, Warrgamay15.7. NYAWAYGIC [1+1]: Nyawaygi, +Wulguru15.8. MARIC [5+13]:15.8.0. [0+3]: +Guwa, +Yanda, +Yiranhali15.8.1. KAPU [2]: Gunggari, Birria15.8.2. MARI [3+10]: Gugu Badhun, +Gudjala, +Yilba, +Biri, +Giya, +Yiningay, +Wadjalang, +Gayiri, +Gangulu, +Bidyara, +Yiman, Margany, Guwamu15.9. WAKA-KABIC [1+7]:15.9.1. +KINGKEL [0+2]: +Darambal, +Bayali15.9.2. +THAN [0+2]: +Gureng Gureng, +Gabi15.9.3. MIYAN [1+3]: +Wuliwuli, Waga, +Barunggam, +Muringam15.10. +DURUBALIC [0+2]: +Turrubal, +Gowar15.11. GUMBAYNGGIRIC [1+1]: Gumbaynggir, +Yaygir15.12. YUIN-KURIC [1+12]:15.12.1. KURI [1+4]: +Yugambal, +Nganyaywana, Dyangadi, +Gadang, +Awabakal15.12.2. +YUIN [0+6]: +Gudungura, +Ngarigu, +Thawa, +Dyirringany, +Dhurga, +Dharawal15.12.3. +IYORA [0+2]: +Darkinyung, +Dharuk15.13. WIRADHURIC [2+1]: +Gamilaraay, Ngiyambaa, Wiradhuri15.14. BAAGANDJI [1]: Baagandji15.15. +YOTAYOTIC [0+2]: +Yotayota, +Yabula-Yabula15.16. +KULINIC [0+7]:15.16.1. +KULIN [0+5]: +Wemba Wemba, +Nari Nari, +Wathawurung, +Kolakngat, +Wuywurrung15.16.2. +BUNGANDIDJ [0+2]: +Bungandidj, +Kuurn Kopan Noot15.17. +NGARINYERIC-YITHAYITHIC [0+5]: +Ngarinyeri, +Ngayawung, +Yuyu, +Keramin, +Yitha-Yitha15.18. KARNIC [14]:15.18.1. PALKU [2]: Lhanima, Pitta-Pitta

15.18.2. ARABANA [1]: Arabana15.18.3. KARNA [6]: Midhaga, Garuwali, Yarluyandi, Ngamini, Yandruwandha, Diyari15.18.4. NGURA [3]: Wangkumara, Badjiri, Bidjara15.18.5. YARLI [2]: Malyangaba, Yardliwarra15.19. WAGAYA-WARLUWARIC [3]:15.19.1. WAGAYA [1]: Wagaya15.19.2. WARLUWARIC [2]: Yindjilandji, Warluwara15.20. KALKATUNGIC [1+1]: Kalkatungu, +Yalarnnga15.21. ARANDIC [3+1]:15.21.1. ARTUYA [1]: Kaititj15.21.2. URTWA [2+1]: Alyawarra, Aranda, +Lower Aranda15.22. SOUTH-WEST [31+9]:15.22.1. NGUMBIN [5]: Walmajarri, Djaru, Gurindji, Mudburra, Ngarinman15.22.2. MARNGU [3]: Garadyari, Mangarla, Nyangumarta15.22.3. NGAYARDA [8+1]: Ngarla, Nyamal, Nyiyabali, +Tjurruru, Kariyarra, Martuyhunira, Nhuwala, Yindjibarndi, Binigura15.22.4. MANTHARDA [3]: Wariyangga, Djwarli, Thargari15.22.5. KANYARA [2]: Dhalandji, Bayungu15.22.6. +KARDU [0+4]: +Yinggarda, +Maya, +Malgana, +Nhanda15.22.7. WADJARI [3]: Wadjari, Wirdimay, Karlamay15.22.8. WATI [2+1]: +Wirangu, Warnman, Western Desert Language15.22.9. NGARGA [3]: Warlmanpa, Warlpiri, Ngardi15.22.10. +NYUNGAR [0+1]: +Nyungar15.22.11. NGADJUNMAYA [1]: Ngadjunmaya15.22.12. YURA [1+2]: Adynyamathanha, +Banggarla, +Kaurna______________________________________________________________________Prev: AUSTRALIAN Up: INDEX Next: AMERIND

NA-DENE [34+7]

1. HAIDA [1]: Haida2. CONTINENTAL NA-DENE [33+8]:

2.1. TLINGIT [1]: Tlingit2.2. ATHABASKAN-EYAK [32+8]:2.2.1. EYAK [1]: Eyak2.2.2. ATHABASKAN [31+7]:2.2.2.1. TANAINA-AHTNA [2]: Tanaina, Ahtna2.2.2.2. INGALIK-KOYUKON [3]:2.2.2.2.0. [1]: Ingalik2.2.2.2.1. KOYUKON-HOLIKACHUK [2]: Holikachuk, Koyukon2.2.2.3. TANANA-UPPER KUSKOKWIM [4]:2.2.2.3.1. TANANA [3]: Upper Tanana, Tanacross, Tanana2.2.2.3.2. UPPER KUSKOKWIM [1]: Upper Kuskokwim2.2.2.4. TUTCHONE [2]: Northern Tutchone, Southern Tutchone2.2.2.5. TAHLTAN-KASKA [2]: Tahltan, Kaska2.2.2.6. +TSETSAUT [0+1]: +Tsetsaut2.2.2.7. PACIFIC COAST [2+4]:2.2.2.7.1. OREGON [1+2]:2.2.2.7.1.1. +UMPQUA [0+1]: +Umpqua2.2.2.7.1.2. TOLOWA-GALICE [1+1]: Tolowa, +Galice2.2.2.7.2. CALIFORNIA [1+2]:2.2.2.7.2.1. HUPA [1]: Hupa2.2.2.7.2.2. +MATTOLE-WAILAKI [0+2]: +Mattole, +Wailaki2.2.2.8. CANADIAN [12+2]:2.2.2.8.1. HAN-KUTCHIN [2]: Han, Kutchin2.2.2.8.2. HARE-CHIPEWYAN [4]:2.2.2.8.2.1. HARE-SLAVE [3]: Hare, Dogrib, Slave2.2.2.8.2.2. CHIPEWYAN [1]: Chipewyan2.2.2.8.3. BEAVER-SEKANI [2]: Beaver, Sekani2.2.2.8.4. CARRIER-CHILCOTIN [3+1]:2.2.2.8.4.1. CHILCOTIN [1+1]: Chilcotin, +Nicola2.2.2.8.4.2. BABINE-CARRIER [2]: Babine, Carrier2.2.2.8.5. +KWALHIOQUA [0+1]: +Kwalhioqua2.2.2.8.6. SARCEE [1]: Sarcee2.2.2.9. APACHEAN [4]:2.2.2.9.0. [1]: Kiowa Apache2.2.2.9.1. NAVAJO-APACHE [2]:2.2.2.9.1.0. [1]: Eastern Apache2.2.2.9.2.1. WESTERN APACHE-NAVAJO [2]: Western Apache, Navajo______________________________________________________________________Prev: NA-DENE Up: INDEX Next: OTHER

AMERIND [583+271]

1. NORTHERN AMERIND [164+68]:1.1. ALMOSAN-KERESIOUAN [68+29]:1.1.1. ALMOSAN [44+18]:1.1.1.1. KUTENAI [1]: Kutenai1.1.1.2. ALGIC [16+14]:1.1.1.2.1. RITWAN [1+1]: +Wiyot, Yurok1.1.1.2.2. ALGONQUIAN [15+13]:1.1.1.2.2.0. [0+1]: +Beothuk1.1.1.2.2.1. BLACKFOOT [1]: Blackfoot1.1.1.2.2.2. ALGONQUIAN PROPER [14+12]:1.1.1.2.2.2.0. [8+1]: Cheyenne, Arapaho, Cree, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Menominee, Fox, +Illinois, Shawnee1.1.1.2.2.2.1. EASTERN [6+11]: Micmac, Passamaquoddy, Eastern Abenaki, Western Abenaki, +Loup A, +Loup B, +Massachusett, +Narragansett, +Mohegan, +Quiripi, +Unquachog, +Mahican, Munsee, Unami, +Nanticoke, +Powhatan, +Carolina1.1.1.3. MOSAN [27+4]:1.1.1.3.1. CHIMAKUAN [1+1]: +Chemakum, Quileute1.1.1.3.2. WAKASHAN [6]:1.1.1.3.2.1. NORTHERN [3]: Heiltsuk, Haisla, Kwakwala (= Kwakiutl)1.1.1.3.2.2. SOUTHERN [3]: Makah, Nitinat, Nootka1.1.1.3.3. SALISH [20+3]:1.1.1.3.3.1. BELLA COOLA [1]: Bella Coola1.1.1.3.3.2. SALISH PROPER [19+3]:1.1.1.3.3.2.1. COAST [8+3]:1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1. CENTRAL [8+2]:1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.1. NORTHERN [2+1]: Comox, +Pentlatch, Seshelt1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.2. SQUAMISH [1]: Squamish1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.3. +NOOKSACK [0+1]: +Nooksack1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.4. HALKOMELEM [1]: Halkomelem1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.5. STRAITS [2]: Clallam, Northern Straits1.1.1.3.3.2.1.1.6. LUSHOOTSEED-TWANA [2]: Lushootseed, Twana

1.1.1.3.3.2.1.2. +TILLAMOOK [0+1]: +Tillamook1.1.1.3.3.2.2. TSAMOSAN [4]:1.1.1.3.3.2.2.1. INLAND [2]: Upper Chehalis, Cowlitz1.1.1.3.3.2.2.2. MARITIME [2]: Quinault, Lower Chehalis1.1.1.3.3.2.3. INTERIOR [7]:1.1.1.3.3.2.3.1. NORTHERN [3]: Lillooet, Thompson, Shuswap1.1.1.3.3.2.3.2. SOUTHERN [4]: Columbian, Okanagan, Kalispel, Coeur d'Alene1.1.2. KERESIOUAN [24+11]:1.1.2.1. KERESAN [2]: Eastern Keres, Western Keres1.1.2.2. SIOUAN-YUCHI [11+5]:1.1.2.2.1. YUCHI [1]: Yuchi1.1.2.2.2. SIOUAN [10+5]:1.1.2.2.2.1. CATAWBA [1+1]: Catawba, +Woccon1.1.2.2.2.2. SIOUAN PROPER [9+4]:1.1.2.2.2.2.1. MANDAN [1]: Mandan1.1.2.2.2.2.2. NORTHERN PLAINS [2]: Crow, Hidatsa1.1.2.2.2.2.3. MISSISSIPPI VALLEY [6+1]:1.1.2.2.2.2.3.1. DAKOTA [1]: Dakota1.1.2.2.2.2.3.2. DHEGIHA [3+1]: Omaha, Osage, +Quapaw, Kansa1.1.2.2.2.2.3.3. CHIWERE-WINNEBAGO [2]: Chiwere, Winnebago1.1.2.2.2.2.4. +SOUTHEAST [0+3]:1.1.2.2.2.2.4.1. +EAST [0+1]: +Tutelo1.1.2.2.2.2.4.2. +SOUTH [0+2]: +Biloxi, +Ofo1.1.2.3. CADDOAN [4+2]:1.1.2.3.0. [0+1]: +Adai1.1.2.3.1. SOUTHERN [1]: Caddo1.1.2.3.2. NORTHERN [3+1]:1.1.2.3.2.1. WICHITA [1]: Wichita1.1.2.3.2.2. PAWNEE-KITSAI [2+1]:1.1.2.3.2.2.1. +KITSAI [0+1]: +Kitsai1.1.2.3.2.2.2. PAWNEE [2]: Pawnee, Arikara1.1.2.4. IROQUOIAN [7+4]:1.1.2.4.1. NORTHERN [6+4]:1.1.2.4.1.0. [0+2]: +Laurentian, +Huron1.1.2.4.1.1. FIVE NATIONS [5+1]:1.1.2.4.1.1.0. [0+1]: +Susquehannock1.1.2.4.1.1.1. MOHAWK-ONEIDA [2]: Mohawk, Oneida1.1.2.4.1.1.2. SENECA-ONONDAGA [3]:

1.1.2.4.1.1.2.1. ONONDAGA [1]: Onondaga1.1.2.4.1.1.2.2. SENECA-CAYUGA [2]: Seneca, Cayuga1.1.2.4.1.2. TUSCARORA [1+1]: Tuscarora, +Nottoway1.1.2.4.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Cherokee1.2. PENUTIAN [68+24]:1.2.1. CANADIAN [1]: Tsimshian1.2.2. WASHINGTON [1+1]: +Lower Chinook, Upper Chinook1.2.3. OREGON [3+4]:1.2.3.1. TAKELMAN [1+3]:1.2.3.1.1. +TAKELMA [0+1]: +Takelma1.2.3.1.2. KALAPUYA [1+2]: Santiam, +Tfalati, +Yonkalla1.2.3.2. COAST [2+1]:1.2.3.2.1. COOS [1]: Coos1.2.3.2.2. YAKONAN [1+1]: +Alsea, Siuslaw1.2.4. PLATEAU [3+2]:1.2.4.1. KLAMATH [1]: Klamath1.2.4.2. SAHAPTIN-NEZ PERCE [2]: Sahaptin, Nez Perce1.2.4.3. +MOLALE-CAYUSE [0+2]: +Molale, +Cayuse1.2.5. CALIFORNIA [13+10]:1.2.5.1. WINTUN [3]: Nomlaki, Patwin, Wintun1.2.5.2. MAIDUAN [3]: Mountain Maidu, Northwest Maidu, Southern Maidu1.2.5.3. YOKUTS [1+2]: Foothill North Yokuts, +Foothill South Yokuts, +Valley Yokuts1.2.5.4. MIWOK-COSTANOAN [6+8]:1.2.5.4.1. +COSTANOAN [0+8]:1.2.5.4.1.1. +NORTHERN [0+4]: +Ohlone, +San Jose, +San Francisco, +Santa Cruz1.2.5.4.1.2. +SOUTHERN [0+4]: +Rumsen, +Mutsun, +Soledad, +Monterey1.2.5.4.2. MIWOK [6]:1.2.5.4.2.1. WESTERN [2]: Coast Miwok, Lake Miwok1.2.5.4.2.2. EASTERN [4]: Central Sierra Miwok, Southern Sierra Miwok, Northern Sierra Miwok, Plains Miwok1.2.6. NEW MEXICO [1]: Zuni1.2.7. GULF [7+5]:1.2.7.1. +TUNICA-CHITIMACHA [0+3]:1.2.7.1.1. +CHITIMACHA [0+1]: +Chitimacha1.2.7.1.2. +TUNICA-ATAKAPA [0+2]: +Tunica, +Atakapa

1.2.7.2. YUKI-WAPPO [2]: Yuki, Wappo1.2.7.3. NATCHEZ-MUSKOGEAN [5+2]:1.2.7.3.1. +NATCHEZ [0+1]: +Natchez1.2.7.3.2. MUSKOGEAN [5+1]:1.2.7.3.2.1. WESTERN [1]: Choctaw1.2.7.3.2.2. EASTERN [4+1]:1.2.7.3.2.2.0. [2+1]: Mikasuki, Muskogee (= Creek), +Apalachee1.2.7.3.2.2.1. ALABAMA-KOASATI [2]: Alabama, Koasati1.2.8. MEXICAN [39+2]:1.2.8.1. HUAVE [1]: Huave1.2.8.2. TOTONACAN [2]: Totonac, Tepehua1.2.8.3. MIXE-ZOQUE [6]: Mixe, Oluta, Sayula, Sierra Popoluca, Texixtepec, Zoque1.2.8.4. MAYAN [30+2]:1.2.8.4.1. HUASTECAN [1+1]: Huastec, +Chicomuceltec1.2.8.4.2. YUCATECAN [4]: Yucatec, Itza, Lacandon, Mopan1.2.8.4.3. GREATER TZELTALAN [5+1]:1.2.8.4.3.1. CHOLAN [3+1]: Chol, Chontal, +Cholti, Chorti1.2.8.4.3.2. TZELTALAN [2]: Tzeltal, Tzotzil1.2.8.4.4. GREATER KANJOBALAN [6]:1.2.8.4.4.1. CHUJEAN [2]: Tojolabal, Chuj1.2.8.4.4.2. KANJOBALAN [4]:1.2.8.4.4.2.0. [1]: Mocho1.2.8.4.4.2.1. KANJOBAL-JACALTEC [3]: Kanjobal, Acatec, Jacaltec1.2.8.4.5. EASTERN [14]:1.2.8.4.5.1. GREATER MAMEAN [4]:1.2.8.4.5.1.1. MAMEAN [2]: Teco, Mam1.2.8.4.5.1.2. IXILAN [2]: Aguacatec, Ixil1.2.8.4.5.2. GREATER QUICHEAN [10]:1.2.8.4.5.2.0. [2]: Uspantec, Kekchi1.2.8.4.5.2.1. QUICHEAN [6]: Quiche, Achi, Sacapultec, Sipacapa, Tzutujil, Cakchiquel1.2.8.4.5.2.2. POCOM [2]: Pocomam, Pocomchi1.3. HOKAN [28+15]:1.3.1. NORTHERN [11+3]:1.3.1.0. [2+1]: Karok, Shasta, +Chimariko1.3.1.1. PALAIHNIHAN [2]: Achumawi, Atsugewi

1.3.1.2. +YANAN [0+2]: +Yana, +Yahi1.3.1.3. POMO [7]:1.3.1.3.0. [1]: Southeastern Pomo1.3.1.3.1. RUSSIAN RIVER AND EASTERN [6]:1.3.1.3.1.0. [1]: Eastern Pomo1.3.1.3.1.1. RUSSIAN RIVER [5]:1.3.1.3.1.1.0. [2]: Northeastern Pomo, Northern Pomo1.3.1.3.1.1.1. SOUTHERN [3]: Southern Pomo, Central Pomo, Kashaya1.3.2. WASHO [1]: Washo1.3.3. +SALINAN-CHUMASH [0+3]: +Salinan, +Chumash, +Esselen1.3.4. SERI-YUMAN [11]:1.3.4.1. SERI [1]: Seri1.3.4.2. YUMAN [10]:1.3.4.2.1. KILIWA [1]: Kiliwa1.3.4.2.2. DELTA-CALIFORNIA [2]: Cocopa, Diegueño1.3.4.2.3. RIVER [3]: Mohave, Yuma, Maricopa1.3.4.2.4. PAI [4]:1.3.4.2.4.1. PAIPAI [1]: Paipai1.3.4.2.4.2. UPLAND YUMAN [3]: Walapai, Havasupai, Yavapaio1.3.5. +WAICURI-QUINIGUA [0+3]: +Waicuri, +Maratino, +Quinigua1.3.6. COAHUILTECAN [1+4]:1.3.6.0. [1+1]: Tonkawa, +Karankawa1.3.6.1. +COAHUILTECAN PROPER [0+3]: +Coahuiltec, +Cotoname, +Comecrudo1.3.7. TEQUISTLATECAN [2]: Tlamelula, Tequistlatec1.3.8. SOUTHERN [2+2]:1.3.8.0. [1+1]: Jicaque, +Yurimangui1.3.8.1. TLAPANECAN [1+1]: Tlapanec, +Subtiaba2. CENTRAL AMERIND [49+11]:2.1. TANOAN [7+1]:2.1.1. KIOWA-TOWA [2]: Kiowa, Towa2.1.2. TEWA-TIWA [5+1]:2.1.2.1.TEWA [1]: Tewa2.1.2.2. TIWA-PIRO [4+1]:2.1.2.2.1. +PIRO [0+1]: +Piro2.1.2.2.2. TIWA [4]:2.1.2.2.2.1. NORTHERN [2]: Taos, Picuris2.1.2.2.2.2. SOUTHERN [2]: Isleta, Sandia

2.2. UTO-AZTECAN [25+8]:2.2.1. NUMIC [8]:2.2.1.1. WESTERN [2]: Northern Paiute, Mono2.2.1.2. CENTRAL [3]: Koso, Shoshone, Comanche2.2.1.3. SOUTHERN [3]: Kawaiisu, Southern Paiute, Chemehuevi2.2.2. TÜBATALABAL [1]: Tübatalabal2.2.3. TAKIC [4+2]:2.2.3.0. [0+1]: +Gabrielino2.2.3.1. SERRAN [1+1]: +Kitanemuk, Serrano2.2.3.2. CUPAN [3]:2.2.3.2.0. [1]: Luiseño2.2.3.2.1. CAHUILLA-CUPEÑO [2]: Cahuilla, Cupeño2.2.4. HOPI [1]: Hopi2.2.5. PIMIC [4+1]:2.2.5.1. PIMAN [2+1]: Pima, Pima Bajo, +Tepecano2.2.5.2. TEPEHUAN [2]: Northern Tepehuan, Southern Tepehuan2.2.6. TARACAHITIC [3+3]:2.2.6.0. [0+1]: +Tubar2.2.6.1. TARAHUMARA-GUARIJÍO [2]: Tarahumara, Guarijío2.2.6.2. CHITA [1+2]: Yaqui, +Opata, +Cahita2.2.7. CORACHOL [2]: Cora, Huichol2.2.8. AZTECAN [2+2]:2.2.8.1. +POCHUTLA [0+1]: +Pochutla2.2.8.2. AZTEC PROPER [2+1]: Pipil, +Classical Nahuatl, Nahuatl (= Aztec)2.3. OTO-MANGUEAN [17+2]:2.3.1. AMUZGO [1]: Amuzgo2.3.2. OTOMIAN [6]:2.3.2.1. NORTHERN [2]: Chichimeca, Pame2.3.2.2. CENTRAL [2]: Mazahua, Otomi2.3.2.3. SOUTHERN [2]: Matlatzinca, Ocuiltec2.3.3. MIXTECAN [3]:2.3.3.1. TRIQUE [1]: Trique2.3.3.2. MIXTEC-CUICATEC [2]: Mixtec, Cuicatec2.3.4. POPOLOCAN [4]:2.3.4.1. MAZATEC [1]: Mazatec2.3.4.2. IXCATEC-CHOCHO [3]:2.3.4.2.1. IXCATEC [1]: Ixcatec2.3.4.2.2. CHOCHO-POPOLOC [2]: Chocho, Popoloc2.3.5. CHINANTECAN [1]: Chinantec

2.3.6. ZAPOTECAN [2]: Chatino, Zapotec2.3.7. +MANGUEAN [0+2]: +Mangue, +Chiapanec3. CHIBCAN-PAEZAN [43+28]:3.1. CHIBCAN [27+12]:3.1.0. [4+1]: Tarascan, +Cuitlatec, Xinca, Lenca, Paya3.1.1. YANOMAM [4]: Sanuma, Yanomami, Yanomamö, Ninam3.1.2. NUCLEAR CHIBCHAN [19+11]:3.1.2.0. [2]: Motilon, Cuna3.1.2.1. MISUMALPAN [2+1]: +Matagalpa, Miskito, Sumo3.1.2.2. RAMA [2+1]: Rama, Guatuso, +Guetar3.1.2.3. TALAMANCA [4]: Cabecar, Bribri, Teribe, Borunca3.1.2.4. GUAYMI [2]: Guaymi, Buglere3.1.2.5. +ANTIOQUIA [0+4]: +Katio, +Nutabe, +Anserma, +Arma3.1.2.6. ARUAK [4+2]: +Atanque, +Guamaca, Ica, Cagaba, Chimila, Malayo3.1.2.7. CHIBCHAN PROPER [3+3]:3.1.2.7.0. [0+3]: +Chibcha, +Sinsiga, +Duit3.1.2.7.1. TUNEBO [3]: Eastern Tunebo, Central Tunebo, Western Tunebo3.2. PAEZAN [16+16]:3.2.0. [2+4]: +Timucua, Warao, +Kunza, +Betoi, +Chimu, Itonama3.2.1. +HUARPE [0+2]: +Allentiac, +Millcayac3.2.2. +JIRAJARAN [0+3]: +Ayoman, +Gayon, +Jirajara3.2.3. MURA [1+1]: Mura, +Matanawi3.2.4. NUCLEAR PAEZAN [13+6]:3.2.4.0. [0+1]: +Andaqui3.2.4.1. CHOCO [8+1]: Embera, Saija, Catio, Caramanta, Chami, Tado, Baudo, Waunana, +Runa3.2.4.2. INTER-ANDINE [2+3]:3.2.4.2.1. COCONUCAN [1+2]: Guambiano, +Coconuco, +Totoro3.2.4.2.2. PAEZ [1]: Paez3.2.4.2.3. +POPAYAN [0+1]: +Popayan3.2.4.3. BARBACOAN [3+1]:3.2.4.3.1. PASTO [1+1]: Cuaiquer, +Barbacoas3.2.4.3.2. CAYAPA-COLORADO [2]: Cayapa, Colorado4. ANDEAN [18+12]:4.1. +NORTHERN [0+7]:4.1.0. [0+3]: +Culli, +Sec, +Leco

4.1.1. +CATACAO [0+2]: +Catacao, +Colan4.1.2. +CHOLONA [0+2]: +Cholona, +Hibito4.2. URARINA-WAORANI [2+1]: Urarina, Waorani, +Omurano4.3. CAHUAPANAN-ZAPAROAN [7]:4.3.1. CAHUAPANAN [2]: Chayahuita, Jebero4.3.2. ZAPAROAN [5]: Zaparo, Andoa, Arabela, Cahuarano, Iquito4.4. QUECHUAN [2]: Quechua A, Quechua B4.5. AYMARAN [2]: Aymara, Jaqaru4.6. SOUTHERN [5+4]:4.6.1. +PUELCHE [0+1]: +Puelche4.6.2. MAPUDUNGU [2]: Mapudungu (= Araucanian), Huilliche4.6.3. QAWASQAR-YAMANA [2]: Qawasqar (= Alacaluf), Yamana4.6.4. PATAGONIAN [1+3]: Tehuelche, +Teushen, +Selknam, +Haush5. EQUATORIAL-TUCANOAN [192+76]:5.1. MACRO-TUCANOAN [47+12]:5.1.0. [9+3]: +Auishiri, Canichana, Capishana, +Gamella, Iranshe, Koaia, Movima, Muniche, Natu, +Pankararu, Shukuru, Uman5.1.1. CAUQUINAN [2+6]:5.1.1.1. +NORTHERN [0+1]: +Catawishi5.1.1.2. SOUTHERN [2+5]: +Bendiapa, +Burua, Canamari, Catuquina, +Parawa, +Taware, +Tucundiapa5.1.2. HUARI [2]: Huari, Masaca5.1.3. ARUTANI-SAPE [3]: Arutani, Sape, Macu5.1.4. NAMBIKUARAN [4]: Northern Nambikuara, Southern Nambikuara, Sabanes, Sarare5.1.5. PUINAVE-MAKU [6]:5.1.5.0. [1]: Puinave5.1.5.1. MAKU [5]: Hupda, Guariba, Nadëb, Yahup, Cacua5.1.6. TICUNA-YURI [1+1]: Ticuna, +Yuri5.1.7. TUCANOAN [20+2]:5.1.7.0. [1]: Miriti5.1.7.1. EASTERN [12]:5.1.7.1.1. NORTHERN [3]: Tucano, Guanano, Piratapuyo5.1.7.1.2. CENTRAL [6]:5.1.7.1.2.1. BARA [1]: Tuyaca

5.1.7.1.2.2. DESANO [2]: Desano, Siriano5.1.7.1.2.3. TATUYO [3]: Tatuyo, Carapana, Yuruti5.1.7.1.3. SOUTHERN [3]:5.1.7.1.3.1. MACUNA [1]: Macuna5.1.7.1.3.2. BARASANO [2]: Northern Barasano, Southern Barasano5.1.7.2. CENTRAL [1]: Cubeo5.1.7.3. WESTERN [6+2]:5.1.7.3.0. [1]: Tanimuca5.1.7.3.1. NORTHERN [4+2]:5.1.7.3.1.0. [2+1]: Coreguaje, Tetete, +Tama5.1.7.3.1.1. SIONA-SECOYA [2+1]: Siona, Secoya, +Macaguaje5.1.7.3.2. SOUTHERN [1]: Orejon5.2. EQUATORIAL [145+64]:5.2.0. [4+2]: Cayuvava, Camsa, +Taruma, Trumai, +Tusha, Yuracare5.2.1. PIARORA-SALIBA [2]: Piaroa, Saliba5.2.2. +TIMOTE [0+2]: +Cuica, +Timote5.2.3. JIVAROAN [8+1]:5.2.3.0. [2+1]: Cofan, +Esmeralda, Yaruro5.2.3.1. CANDOSHI [2]: Candoshi, Taushiro5.2.3.2. JIVARO PROPER [4]: Achuar, Shuar, Huambisa, Aguaruna5.2.4. ZAMUCOAN [2]: Ayoreo, Chamacoco5.2.5. KARIRI-TUPI [46+19]:5.2.5.1. +KARIRI [0+4]: +Dzubucua, +Kamaru, +Kiriri, +Sapuya5.2.5.2. TUPI [46+15]:5.2.5.2.0. [2]: Purubora, Yuqui5.2.5.2.1. ARIKEM [1+2]: +Arikem, +Kabishiana, Karitiana5.2.5.2.2. MONDE [4+1]: Arua, Gavião, Surui, Monde, +Digüt5.2.5.2.3. RAMARAMA [1+3]: Arara, +Ramarama, +Uruku, +Urumi5.2.5.2.4. YURUNA [1+2]: Yuruna, +Manitsawa, +Shipaya5.2.5.2.5. TUPARI [5]: Guarategaya, Kepkiriwat, Makurapi, Tupari, Wayoro5.2.5.2.6. TUPI-GUARANI [32+7]:5.2.5.2.6.0. [2]: Guayaki, Juma5.2.5.2.6.1. GROUP I [25+6]:

5.2.5.2.6.1.0. [9+3]: Apiaca, Aweti, Ava, Kamayura, Kayabi, Emerillon, +Karipuna, Oyampi, Pauserna, +Sheta, +Takunape, Tapirape5.2.5.2.6.1.1. KAWAHIB [3+1]: +Paranawat, Tenharim, Tukumanfed, Wirafed5.2.5.2.6.1.2. TENETEHARA [8+1]: Amanaye, +Anambe, Tembe, Guajajara, Guaja, Asurini, Arawete, Parakanã, Urubu5.2.5.2.6.1.3. TUPI [5+1]: Guarani, Kaiwa, Tapiete, Guarayu, Nhengatu, +Potiguara5.2.5.2.6.2. GROUP II [2]: Cocama, Omagua5.2.5.2.6.3. GROUP III [3+1]: Mawe, Munduruku, Siriono, +Kuruaya5.2.6. MACRO-ARAWAKAN [83+40]:5.2.6.0. [1+1]: Katembri, +Otomaco5.2.6.1. TINIGUAN [1+1]: Tinigua, +Pamigua5.2.6.2. GUAHIBAN [5+1]: +Churuya, Guahibo, Cuiba, Guayabero, Macaguan, Playero5.2.6.3. ARAWAKAN [76+37]:5.2.6.3.0. [1+2]: +Guamo, +Taino, Chamicuro5.2.6.3.1. ARAWAN [7+3]: +Arawa, Culina, +Pama, Paumari, Sewacu, +Sipo, Deni, Yamamadi, Yuberi, Banawa5.2.6.3.2. CHIPAYAN [3+1]: Chipaya, Uru, Callahuaya, +Caranga5.2.6.3.3. CHAPACURAN [11+4]:5.2.6.3.3.1. GUAPORE [8+1]:5.2.6.3.3.1.1. CHAPACURA [2+1]: Chapacura, Itene, +Quitemoca5.2.6.3.3.1.2. WANYAM [6]: Cabishi, Cujuna, Cumana, Mataua, Wanyam, Urunamacan5.2.6.3.3.2. MADEIRA [3]: Pakaasnovos, Tora, Urupa5.2.6.3.3.3. +OCORONO [0+3]: +Herisobocono, +Ocorono, +San Ignacio5.2.6.3.4. MAIPURAN [54+27]:5.2.6.3.4.0. [0+1]: +Shebayo5.2.6.3.4.1. BANIVA-YAVITERO [1+1]: +Baniva, Yavitero5.2.6.3.4.2. PARESSI-SARAVECA [1+1]: Paressi, +Saraveca5.2.6.3.4.3. PRE-ANDINE [15+9]:

5.2.6.3.4.3.0. [1]: Amuesha5.2.6.3.4.3.1. +AMAZONIAN [0+2]: +Marawa, +Waraicu5.2.6.3.4.3.2. CUTINANA [1+2]: Cushichineri, +Cuniba, +Cutinana5.2.6.3.4.3.3. JURUA-PURUS [2+4]: Casharari, +Catiana, +Inapari, Apurina, +Maniteneri, +Wainamari5.2.6.3.4.3.4. MONTANA [11+1]:5.2.6.3.4.3.4.0. [3+1]: Piro, +Pucapacuri, Puncuri, Sirimeri5.2.6.3.4.3.4.1. CAMPA [6]: Ashaninca, Asheninca, Pajonal, Caquinte, Machiguenga, Nomatsiguenga5.2.6.3.4.3.4.2. HARAKMBET [2]: Amarakaeri, Huachipaeri5.2.6.3.4.4. WAPISHANAN [1]: Wapishana5.2.6.3.4.5. SOUTHERN [9]:5.2.6.3.4.5.1. PARANA [3]: Chane, Guana, Terena5.2.6.3.4.5.2. BOLIVIAN [6]: Baure, Cashiniti, Chiquito, Cozarini, Ignaciano, Trinitario5.2.6.3.4.6. EASTERN [5]:5.2.6.3.4.6.0. [1]: Palicur5.2.6.3.4.6.1. XINGU [4]: Custenau, Yawalapiti, Mehinaku, Waura5.2.6.3.4.7. NORTHERN [22+15]:5.2.6.3.4.7.0. [2+2]: Island Carib, +Arua, +Jaoi, Resigaro5.2.6.3.4.7.1. CAQUETION [1+1]: Achagua, +Caquetio5.2.6.3.4.7.2. +GUAYUPEAN [0+1]: +Sae5.2.6.3.4.7.3. ORINOCO [3+2]: Guarequena, Bare, Guinao, +Mawacua, +Maipure5.2.6.3.4.7.4. PIAPOCAN [1]: Piapoco5.2.6.3.4.7.5. TA-ARAWAKAN [3+1]: Goajiro, +Guanebucan, Arawak, Paraujano5.2.6.3.4.7.6. RIO NEGRO [12+8]:5.2.6.3.4.7.6.1. IZANENI [7]: Baniwa, Curripaco, Pacu, Cuati, Mapanai, Moriwene, Izaneni5.2.6.3.4.7.6.2. MARITIPARANA [2+1]: Cabiyari, +Matapi, Yucuna5.2.6.3.4.7.6.3. WIRINA [1+1]: +Wirina, Yabaana

5.2.6.3.4.7.6.4. +TARIANAN [0+2]: +Itayaine, +Tariano5.2.6.3.4.7.6.5. +YAPURA A [0+2]: +Mariate, +Wainuma5.2.6.3.4.7.6.6. YAPURA B [2+2]: Cawishana, Yumana, +Passe, +Manao6. GE-PANO-CARIB [117+76]:6.1. MACRO-CARIB [47+30]:6.1.0. [1+1]: Andoke, +Cucura6.1.1. PEBA-YAGUAN [1+2]: +Peba, +Yameo, Yagua6.1.2. BORA-WITOTO [9+3]:6.1.2.1. BORAN [4]: Bora, Faai, Imihita, Muinane6.1.2.2. WITOTOAN [5+3]:6.1.2.2.0. [3+3]: Fitita, Ocaina, Nonuya, +Orejone, +Miranya, +Coeruna6.1.2.2.1. WITOTO PROPER [2]: Meneca, Murui6.1.3. CARIB [36+24]:6.1.3.1. NORTHERN [28+22]6.1.3.1.1. COASTAL [2+6]:6.1.3.1.1.1. +VENEZUELAN [0+4]: +Chayma, +Cumanagoto, +Yao, +Tamanaco6.1.3.1.1.2. SIERRA DE PERIJA [2]: Japreria, Yukpa6.1.3.1.1.3. +OPONE-CARARE [0+2]: +Opone, +Carare6.1.3.1.2. WESTERN GUIANA [3+2]: Mapoyo, Yabarana, Panare, +Quaca, +Pareca6.1.3.1.3. GALIBI [1]: Galibi (= Carib)6.1.3.1.4. EAST-WEST GUIANA [21+7]:6.1.3.1.4.1. GROUP 1 [3+2]: Wayana, Apalai, +Roucouyene, +Aracaju, Trio6.1.3.1.4.2. GROUP 2 [4]: Wama, Urukuyana, Triometesen, Kumayena6.1.3.1.4.3. GROUP 3 [5+1]: Pianakoto, Saluma, +Paushi, Cashuena, Chikena, Waiwai6.1.3.1.4.4. GROUP 4 [5+3]: +Paravilhana, Wabui, Sapara, Yuapery, Waimiri, +Crichana, Paushiana, +Bonari6.1.3.1.4.5. GROUP 5 [4+1]: Makushi, Pemon, Patamona, Akawaio, +Arinagoto6.1.3.1.5. NORTHERN BRAZIL [1+7]:6.1.3.1.5.1. +GROUP 1 [0+2]: +Palmella, +Pimenteira6.1.3.1.5.2. GROUP 2 [1+1]: +Yaruma, Chicão

6.1.3.1.5.3. +GROUP 3 [0+4]: +Pariri, +Apiaka, +Arara, +Yuma6.1.3.2. SOUTHERN [8+2]:6.1.3.2.1. SOUTHEASTERN COLOMBIA [1+2]: +Hianacoto, +Guaque, Carijona6.1.3.2.2. XINGU BASIN [2]: Bakairi, Nahukwa6.1.3.2.3. SOUTHERN GUIANA [5]: Ye'cuana, Wayumara, Parukoto, Hishkaryana, Kashuyana6.2. GE-PANO [70+46]:6.2.1. MACRO-PANOAN [49+23]:6.2.1.1. +CHARRUAN [0+3]: +Charrua, +Chana, +Güenoa6.2.1.2. +LULE-VILELA [0+2]: +Lule, +Vilela6.2.1.3. MASCOIAN [5]: Guana, Northern Lengua, Southern Lengua, Sanapana, Emok6.2.1.4. MOSETEN [1]: Chimane6.2.1.5. MATACO-GUAICURU [9+3]:6.2.1.5.1. GUAICURUAN [4+3]: +Abipon, Kadiweu, +Guaicuru, +Guachi, Mocovi, Toba, Pilaga6.2.1.5.2. MATACO [5]: Chulupi, Chorote, Nocten, Vejoz, Maca6.2.1.6. PANO-TACANA [34+15]:6.2.1.6.1. PANOAN [25+9]:6.2.1.6.1.1. SOUTHERN [3+2]: Chacobo, Pacahuara, Caripuna, +Sinabo, +Zurina6.2.1.6.1.2. SOUTH-CENTRAL [5+2]:6.2.1.6.1.2.0. [2]: Amahuaca, Parquenahua6.2.1.6.1.2.1. YAMINAHUA-SHARANAHUA [3+2]: Yaminahua, Poyanawa, +Shipinawa, +Tushinawa, Sharanahua6.2.1.6.1.3. SOUTH-EASTERN [5]: Cashinahua, Morunahua, Catuquina, Shahuanahua, Camanahua6.2.1.6.1.4. WESTERN [1]: Cashibo6.2.1.6.1.5. NORTH-CENTRAL [6+5]: Capanahua, Shipibo, Isconahua, +Remo, Marubo, +Capuibo, Sensi, Niarawa, +Pichobo, +Araua, +Atsahuaca

6.2.1.6.1.6. NORTHERN [4]: Matses, Mayubo, Rëmoxbo, Pisabo6.2.1.6.1.7. EASTERN [1]: Kasharari6.2.1.6.2. TACANAN [9+6]:6.2.1.6.2.0. [1+2]: Yamaluba, +Arasa, +Guariza6.2.1.6.2.1. +CHIRIGUA [0+3]: +Maropa, +Chumana, +Sapiboca6.2.1.6.2.2. TIATINAGUA-TACANA [8+1]:6.2.1.6.2.2.1. TIATINAGUA [2]: Ese'ejja, Huarayo6.2.1.6.2.2.2. ARAONA-TACANA [6+1]:6.2.1.6.2.2.2.1. ARAONA [3]: Capachene, Mabenaro, Araona6.2.1.6.2.2.2.2. CAVINEÑA-TACANA [3+1]:6.2.1.6.2.2.2.2.1. CAVINEÑA [1]: Cavineña6.2.1.6.2.2.2.2.2. TACANA PROPER [2+1]: Tacana, Reyesano, +Toromono6.2.2. MACRO-GE [21+23]:6.2.2.0. [5+1]: Rikbaktsa, Fulnio, Guato, Opaye, +Oti, Caraja6.2.2.1. BORORO [3+5]:6.2.2.1.1. BORORO PROPER [2+1]: Bororo, Umotina, +Aravira6.2.2.1.2. OTUKE [1+4]: Otuke, +Covare, +Coraveca, +Curucane, +Tapii6.2.2.2. BOTOCUDO [1]: Botocudo6.2.2.3. +CHIQUITO [0+1]: +Chiquito6.2.2.4. +KAMAKAN [0+5]: +Katasho, +Masacara, +Menien, +Mongoyo, +Kamakan6.2.2.5. +PURI [0+3]: +Puri, +Coroada, +Coropo6.2.2.6. YABUTI [2]: Aricapu, Yabuti6.2.2.7. MASHAKALI [1]: Mashakali6.2.2.8. GE-KAINGANG [9+8]:6.2.2.8.1. KAINGANG [2+5]:6.2.2.8.1.0. [0+1]: +Dorin6.2.2.8.1.1. NORTHERN [2+1]: Kaingang, Xokleng, +Chiqui6.2.2.8.1.2. +SOUTHERN [0+3]: +Amho, +Ingain, +Gualachi6.2.2.8.2. GE [7+3]:6.2.2.8.2.1. CENTRAL [2+3]:6.2.2.8.2.1.1. +ACROA [0+3]: +Acroa, +Aricobe, +Guegue6.2.2.8.2.1.2. ACUA [2]: Chavante, Cherente6.2.2.8.2.2. NORTHWEST [5]: Apinaye, Suya, Kreen-Akarore, Cayapo,

Canela______________________________________________________________________Prev: AMERIND Up: INDEX

OTHER LANGUAGES

LANGUAGE ISOLATES [5+4]: Basque, Burushaski, Ket, Gilyak, Nahali, +Sumerian, +Etruscan, +Hurrian, +Meroitic

UNCLASSIFIED [16]: Warenbori (New Guinea), Taurap (New Guinea), Yuri (New Guinea), Busa (New Guinea), Nagatman (New Guinea), Porome (New Guinea), Pauwi (New Guinea), Messep (New Guinea), Carabayo (Colombia), Guaviare (Colombia), Yari (Columbia), Mutus (Venezuela), Yuwana (Venezuela), Kohoroxitari (Brazil), Arara (Brazil), Chiquitano (Bolivia)

PIDGINS AND CREOLES [37]: 1. SWAHILI-BASED [1]: Asian Swahili2. XHOSA-BASED [1]: Fanagolo3. ENGLISH-BASED [17]:3.1. ATLANTIC [10]: Sea Island Creole (= Gulla), Guyanese, Western Caribbean Creole, Lesser Antillean Creole, Krio, Wescos, Djuka, Saramaccan, Sranan, Pitcairnese3.2. PACIFIC [7]: Hawaiian Creole, Roper River Creole, Torres Strait Creole, Tok Pisin, Bislama, Solomon Pijin, Micronesian Pidgin4. DUTCH-BASED [1]: Dutch Creole5. GERMAN-BASED [1]: Unserdeutsch6. FRENCH-BASED [1]: French Creole7. SPANISH-BASED [3]: Bamboo Spanish, Chavacano, Palenquero8. PORTUGUESE-BASED [8]: Indo-Portuguese, Macanese, Malacca Creole,

Timor Pidgin, Crioulo, Fa d'amba, Papiamento, Cafundo Creole9. RUSSIAN-BASED [1]: Russo-Norsk10. NAGA-BASED [1]: Naga Pidgin11. MALAY-BASED [1]: Bazaar Malay12. MOTU-BASED [1]: Hiri Motu13. CHINOOK-BASED [1]: Chinook Jargon

INVENTED [2]: Esperanto, Interlingua

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