classification of angiosperms the flowering plants
TRANSCRIPT
Classification of Angiosperms
The Flowering Plants
Two Major Groups
Monocots Single cotyledon Parallel veins Flowers in multiples of 3’s
Dicots Two cotyledons Netted veins Flowers in multiples of 2, 4 or 5
Monocot and Dicot plant
FRUITS
SIMPLE Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat) Fleshy (peach, plumb, apple, tomato, grape)
AGGREGRATE Flowers with several carpels Raspberry, strawberry
MULTIPLE Cluster of flowers Pineapple
Simple, aggregrate and multiple fruit
SEED STRUCTURES
Micropyle Opening through which the pollen tube grows to
deliver pollen to the ovary (ovules) Plumule
Epicotyl + embryonic leaves First leaves to emerge during germination
Hypocotyl Stem like area between radicle and cotyledon
SEED STRUCTURES (2) Radicle
Embryonic root First to emerge from the seed during germination
Cotyledon Fleshy part of the seed; food storage for plant
embryo until germination Hilum
Seed scar; where seed was attached to the ovary wall
Seed Coat Covers and protects the seed during dormancy
Typical Seed
Germination
Dormancy Allows seed to germinate when conditions are
favorable How do you know germination has occurred?
Radicle emerges Leaves
Photosynthesis begins Cotyledons no longer needed
Factors that Trigger Germination
Water Oxygen Temperature Light Fire Freezing temps. Animal digestive tract Hormones
Plant Hormones
Auxins Regulate plant growth
Hormones (2)
Cytokinins Promotes cell division (roots and stems)
Gibberellins Promote growth Stimulate germination
Abscisic Acid Inhibits growth of buds and germination
Ethylene Gas that stimulates ripening of fruits
Hormones (3)
Oligosaccharins Regulate growth and development Defense against disease
TROPISM
Plant movement towards or away from a stimuli
EXAMPLES Phototropism (light) Thigmotropism (touch) Gravitropism (gravity) Chemotropism (chemical/hormones) Hydrotropism (water)
THE FLOWER
The reproductive structure for the flowering plant
Perfect Flowers Both stamens and carpels present Self or cross pollination
Imperfect Flowers Either stamens or carpels present Cross pollination only
Female Reproductive Parts
Essential Carpel
Pistil (fused carpels) Stigma, style, ovary
Stigma Sticky to trap pollen
Style Tube from stigma to ovary
Ovary Holds the ovules
Female Flower Parts
C
A
R
P
E
L
Male Reproductive Parts
Essential Stamen
Male reproductive part Anther and filament
Anther Produces pollen
Filament Supports the anther
Male Flower Parts
Nonessential Flower Parts
Petal Attract pollinators Top whorl
Sepal Protect developing flower Bottom whorl
Corolla Both whorls
Nonessential Flower Parts
Flowers